EDUKASI PENTINGNYA MENCUCI TANGAN DENGAN SABUN DI ERA NEW NORMAL

ABSTRAKTangan merupakan bagian tubuh yang paling sering bersentuhan dengan permukaan obyek di sekitar kegiatan manusia, yang tentunya akan sangat rentan sebagai pembawa kuman dan pathogen termasuk virus covid-19 yang saat ini menjadi musuh terbesar dunia. Untuk mendukung kegiatan sosial manusia, mencuci tangan dengan sabun merupakan salah satu langkah sanitasi yang dianjurkan di era new normal ini untuk mencegah penyebaran dan penularan covid-19. Sehingga, sabun cuci tangan dapat dikategorikan sebagai kebutuhan pokok. Bertepatan dengan memperingati “Hari Cuci Tangan Sedunia”, maka kegiatan pengabdian ini meliputi edukasi untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat mengenai pentingnya mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan langkah mencuci tangan dengan benar untuk mencegah penyakit dan hidup yang aman di era new normal Kata kunci: sabun; mencuci tangan; new normal. ABSTRACTHands are part of body which touch hundreds of surfaces stuff a day which contain all kind of germs in the middle of our activities. But it might not realize just how much pathogens cause diseases especially COVID-19 that seriously case in the world. To support daily activities of society, washing hands is one of the best sanitation defences to against spread and infectious COVID-19 in this new era. So that, the important role played by hand hygiene is routinely washing hand with soap. To advocacy Global Handwashing Day in October 15, this program of activities for the community dedicated to increasing awareness and understanding about the importance of handwashing with soap as an effective and affordable way to prevent diseases and save live in new normal era. Keywords: soap; washing hand; new normal.

ALCOHOL-BASED HAND SANITIZER: ABUSE DURING LOCKDOWN AMIDST COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are popular alternative to the traditional handwashing with soap and water in both healthcare and community settings. Although some people use to carry small sanitizer bottles with them during travel; its utilization by common people come into picture during the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of sudden requirement of those products within a short time, there was even shortage during the initial days. Once nationwide lockdown was declared in India, to prevent community spread; all the shops were closed including wine shops. During this tough time, many alcohol withdrawal cases were reported from different regions. Some people started taking hand sanitizers as a replacement for potable alcohol. Because of high alcoholic content and adulteration with methanol or any other substances, most of the people became ill and they were hospitalized. Deaths were also reported from different states following its consumption. Addiction to hand sanitizers is now considered as one of the overlooked problems globally. It is very difficult to erase the problem, especially among teenagers. Multi-task approach involving different populations at different levels are required to handle this problem.

Description of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) With Hand Washing With Soap During The Covid-19 Pandemic in South Tangerang City in 2021

The South Tangerang Health Office noted that there were 285 new cases of Covid 19 in April. The addition of positive cases in South Tangerang is the second-highest since the Covid-19 pandemic hit in March 2020. Based on several studies in the southern Tangerang city area, there is still a lack of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in washing hands with soap. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of healthy and healthy behavior (PHBS) by washing hands with soap during the covid-19 pandemic in the city of South Tangerang. The type of research used is qualitative research. The statements of the four informants regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding handwashing with soap during this pandemic are quite good. Washing hands with soap during this pandemic is very important. According to the results of research on members of each researcher in South Tangerang City, washing hands with soap during the pandemic has considered very important.

Embracing challenging complexity: exploring handwashing behavior from a combined socioecological and intersectional perspective in Sierra Leone

Background Handwashing with soap is a cost-effective, efficient health behavior to prevent various diseases. Despite its immense health benefits, the lowest prevalence of handwashing is found in low-income countries. Here, its practice is not only determined by individual behavior, but also heavily shaped by deprivations in the social and structural ecology. Moreover, handwashing barriers are not equally experienced as overlapping social identities (e.g., age and gender) intersect and create inequities between members of different social groups. To embrace the complexities of handwashing beyond individual-level behavior and singular social identities, a combined socioecological and intersectional perspective is employed. This multi-level approach with regards to intersecting privileges and disadvantages serves as a basis to promote this highly important health behavior. Methods This study used a qualitative, theory-based approach and combined data from two samples: experts in health promotion (n = 22) and local citizens stratified by gender and rural/urban location (n = 56). Data was collected in face-to-face interviews in Sierra Leone between November 2018 and January 2019 and analyzed using thematic analysis and typology of the qualitative data. Results The conceptualization of multi-level determinants of handwashing within a socioecological model showed the high relevance of inhibiting social and structural factors for handwashing practice. By establishing seven distinguishing social identity dimensions, data demonstrates that individuals within the same social setting yet with distinct social identities experience strikingly differing degrees of power and privileges to enact handwashing. While a local leader is influential and may also change structural-level determinants, a young, rural wife experiences multiple social and structural constraints to perform handwashing with soap, even if she has high handwashing intentions. Conclusion This study provides a holistic analytical framework for the identification of determinants on multiple levels and accumulating intersections of socially produced inequalities for handwashing and is applicable to other health topics. As the exploration of handwashing was approached from a solution-focused instead of a problem-focused perspective, the analysis can guide multi-level intervention approaches (e.g., using low-cost, participatory activities at the community level to make use of the available social capital).

Exploring behavioral determinants of handwashing with soap after defecation in an urban setting in Bangladesh: findings from a barrier analysis

Social and behavior change (SBC) has long been recognized as a necessary step in the promotion of handwashing with soap (HHWS), and identifying the barriers and enablers of this behavior are key to increasing its adoption. Based on the health belief model (HBM), the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and other behavioral models, this barrier analysis study was conducted to identify the barriers and enablers of HWWS after defecation in an urban setting in Bangladesh. We conducted interviews with 45 adults who washed their hands with soap after defecation (doers) and compared them to 45 adults who did not (non-doers). The analysis showed that the main barriers of HWWS after defecation were related to perceived self-efficacy, difficulty to remember to buy soap, access to low-cost soap, low perceived severity of diarrhea, and not believing that HWWS would reduce diarrhea. Believing that it is Allah's will when one gets diarrhea was mentioned more frequently by the non-doers, while feeling clean and keeping free from illness were reported as benefits of HWWS significantly by the doers. The results suggest that an SBC strategy that addresses these key barriers and enablers would be more effective in promoting the adoption of HWWS.

Work readiness during COVID-19 among taxibike online drivers in Samarinda, Indonesia

COVID-19 caused a pandemic around the world, including in Indonesia. This greatly affected the informal business sector, such as online taxibike drivers. The success of this program to control the spread of COVID-19 is greatly influenced by knowledge, attitudes, and actions in the community. The purpose of this study was to identify behavioral factors during the pandemic. An online survey was conducted with 100 online taxibike drivers using a structured questionnaire and Google Forms. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank test with CI of 95%. Although most online taxibike drivers have sufficient knowledge about COVID-19, some drivers had important misconceptions about COVID-19, namely that COVID-19 is not contagious, weak immune resistance may cause them to contract COVID-19, and it is highly unlikely that they will contract COVID-19 when leaving the house without wearing a mask, and believing that handwashing with soap and using hand sanitizer will not prevent COVID-19. To address these misconceptions, interventions should be targeted to online taxibike drivers to increase their health education and literacy regarding the urgency of preventing COVID-19. It is also important to consider incorporating both interpersonal approaches and conventional and digital-based groups when encouraging changes in their attitudes and practices towards COVID-19.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Cameroonians towards Governmental Measures against COVID-19, Cameroon: An Online Survey

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic left no nation indifferent in adopting measures to fight against the spread of the disease. This survey aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Cameroonians towards preventive measures against the spread of COVID-19 in Cameroon. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional online survey conducted nationwide via self-administration of a google form questionnaire in March 2020. Questionnaires were shared via Facebook and WhatsApp. Being a Cameroonian based in Cameroon was the main inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Amongst the 444 respondents who completed the survey, 232(52.3%) were males and females 212 (47.7%) with the majority, 221 (49.8%) between the ages of 26 to 35. Most, (99.6%) respondents had heard of COVID-19 mainly via social media 244 (55.0%) and TV/Radio, 139(31.3%). Difficulty in breathing was the most known symptom 402(90.54%). Cameroonians are quite knowledgeable about COVID-19 (444/446 i.e. 99.6% of respondents). Less than a half, 174 (39.19%) were aware of; 13 preventive measures and over 384 (86.49%) of 7 additional measures. More than half of the participants 261(58.8%) were optimistic that the pandemic will stop if people respect the hygienic and governmental preventive measures. A majority, 91% affirmed practicing handwashingbut only 76(19.3%) did it properly. Participants demonstrated less compliance to social distancing, 230(51.8%). A significant relationship was noted between knowledge on COVID-19 and handwashing with soap (p=0.005; r=0.320) as well as the use of face masks (r=0.701, p=0.001). Conclusion: The governmental measures and hygienic preventive measures are known to Cameroonians but the compliance to these measures is moderate.

Gut Microbiota Shifts Favorably with Delivery of Handwashing with Soap and Water Treatment Intervention in a Prospective Cohort (CHoBI7 Trial)

Cholera can result in the expulsion of important microbiota from the gut and result in death if left untreated. The disease transmits mainly via drinking water carrying Vibrio cholerae; and household contacts (HHC) of cholera patients are at elevated risk during the first week of infection. The gut microbiota profiles of HHC-children of cholera patients at Dhaka city slums were investigated before (day 0) and after (day 8) delivery of chlorinated water as part of the cholera-hospital-based intervention for 7 days (CHoBI7), a randomized controlled trial. Results of sequencing and analysis of bacterial community DNA revealed the predominance of two bacterial phyla: Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at day 0 with a relative abundance of 62 ± 6 (mean ± SEM %) and 32 ± 7, respectively. The pattern reversed at day 8 with a decreased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (39 ± 12) and an increased abundance of Firmicutes (49 ± 12). Of 65 bacterial families confirmed at day 0, six belonging to Proteobacteria including Vibrionaceae disappeared at day 8. Interestingly, the relative abundance of four Firmicutes families– Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Ruminococcaceae was increased in all five study children at day 8. The observed exclusion of pathogenic Proteobacteria and enhancement of beneficial Firmicutes in the gut of children delivered with chlorinated water as part of WASH intervention reflect a great promise of the CHoBI7 program in preventing cholera and improving child health.