Associations between antenatal and perinatal risk factors and cerebral palsy: a Swedish cohort study

ObjectivesTo investigate known and suggested risk factors associated with cerebral palsy in a Swedish birth cohort, stratified by gestational age.SettingInformation on all births between 1995 and 2014 in Skåne, the southernmost region in Sweden, was extracted from the national birth register.ParticipantsThe cohort comprised a total of 215 217 children. Information on confirmed cerebral palsy and subtype was collected from the national quality register for cerebral palsy (Cerebral Palsy Follow-up Surveillance Programme).Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe calculated the prevalence of risk factors suggested to be associated with cerebral palsy and used logistic regression models to investigate the associations between potential risk factors and cerebral palsy. All analyses were stratified by gestational age; term (≥37 weeks), moderately or late preterm (32–36 weeks) and very preterm (<32 weeks).ResultsIn all, 381 (0.2 %) children were assigned a cerebral palsy diagnosis. Among term children, maternal preobesity/obesity, small for gestational age, malformations, induction, elective and emergency caesarian section, Apgar <7 at 5 min and admission to neonatal care were significantly associated with cerebral palsy (all p values<0.05). Among children born moderately or late preterm, small for gestational age, malformations, elective and emergency caesarian section and admission to neonatal care were all associated with cerebral palsy (all p values <0.05), whereas among children born very preterm no factors were significantly associated with the outcome (all p values>0.05).ConclusionOur results support and strengthen previous findings on factors associated with cerebral palsy. The complete lack of significant associations among children born very preterm probably depends on to the small number of children with cerebral palsy in this group.

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Prenatal risk factors for cot death in very preterm and small for gestational age infants

Early Human Development ◽

10.1016/0378-3782(90)90125-3 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 15-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Henk Wierenga ◽

Ronald Brand ◽

Theo Geudeke ◽

Herman P. van Geijn ◽

Hans van der Harten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Very Preterm ◽

Prenatal Risk ◽

Cot Death ◽

Prenatal Risk Factors

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Risk Factors and Short Term Morbidities Associated With Term-Small for Gestational Age Babies Delivered at Nepalgunj Medical College

Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College ◽

10.3126/jngmc.v19i1.40439 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 97-100

Author(s):

Piush Kanodia ◽

Arun Kumar Verma ◽

Sumit Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ◽

Short Term ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Medical College ◽

Maternal Hypertension ◽

Common Risk Factors

Introduction: Small for gestational age (SGA) refers to birth weight of neonates less than 10th percentile for gestational age or 2nd standard deviation below the population norms on the growth charts. Aims: To identify common risk factors and common morbidities for small for gestational age babies. Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study and it has been conducted at Department of pediatrics, Nepalgunj Medical college which is a tertiary level teaching hospital located in western part of Nepal. All term small for gestational age neonates born during study period from January 2020 to December 2020 were included. Detailed baseline demographic and clinical profile has been collected and recorded in the predesigned Proforma. Results: The most common risk factors associated with small for gestational age babies in our study were maternal hypertension (14.6%) , maternal GDM(9.6%), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in 1st or 2nd trimester of pregnancy, maternal anemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypothyroidism and congenital heart disease. The most common short term complications associated with Small for gestational age babies were hypoglycemia and Meconium aspiration syndrome. Conclusion: The most common risk factors associated with Small for gestational age babies in our study were maternal hypertension, maternal Gestational diabetes Mellitus (GDM), Urinary Tract Infection in 1st or 2nd trimester of pregnancy, maternal anemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypothyroidism and congenital heart disease. The most common short term complications associated with Small for gestational age babies were hypoglycemia and Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).

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Cerebral palsy: Phenotypes and risk factors in term singletons born small for gestational age

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology ◽

10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.12.005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 218-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Gabrielle Freire ◽

Michael Shevell ◽

Maryam Oskoui

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age

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Risk Factors Associated with Severely Small for Gestational Age Neonates

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-2007-999701 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 5 (03) ◽

pp. 267-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Arja Tenovuo ◽

Pentti Kero ◽

Heikki Korvenranta ◽

Risto Erkkola ◽

Pekka Klemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Factors Associated

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Co-relation of maternal risk factors and perinatal events with immediate neonatal outcome in late preterm compared to term small for gestational age babies

10.17727/jmsr.2017/5-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

Mullick CA ◽

Sharma N ◽

Pote P

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Neonatal Outcome ◽

Late Preterm ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Maternal Risk

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Risk factors for very preterm delivery and delivery of very-small-for-gestational-age infants among HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed infants in Botswana

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics ◽

10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.04.008 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Natasha Parekh ◽

Heather Ribaudo ◽

Sajini Souda ◽

Jennifer Chen ◽

Mompati Mmalane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Very Preterm ◽

Hiv Exposed

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Incidence and risk factors associated with hypoglycemia in the first 48 hours of life in Small for Gestational Age Neonates

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20184300 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 2300

Author(s):

Alph Shirley S. ◽

Antony Leo Jerry T. ◽

Shiji R.

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Enteral Feeding ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Early Initiation ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Factors Associated ◽

And Gender

Background: Hypoglycemia is one of the important problems encountered in small for gestational age (SGA) neonates. The incidence and risk factors associated with hypoglycemia in the first 48 hours of life in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Neonates was investigated in this study.Methods: Capillary Blood Glucose was screened by glucostix at 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours of age in 100 SGA neonates fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: The overall incidence of hypoglycemia in SGA neonates in the study was 24%. The incidence of hypoglycemia was significantly higher in preterm SGA neonates (37.50%) when compared to term SGA neonates (17.65%). The incidence of symptomatic hypoglycemia was 9%. Maximum incidence of hypoglycemia was noted at 2 hours of life. Of the 24 SGA neonates with hypoglycemia, 33.33% had one episode of hypoglycemia, 45.83% had two episodes of hypoglycemia, 12.50% had three episodes of hypoglycemia, 8.33% had four episodes of hypoglycemia. None of the SGA neonate had more than four episodes of hypoglycemia. Early initiation of enteral feeding was significantly associated with decreased incidence of hypoglycemia in SGA neonates. There was no significant correlation between incidence of hypoglycemia in SGA neonates and gender of the baby, parity of mother, mode of delivery and type of IUGR.Conclusions: It is recommended to monitor all SGA neonates especially preterm SGA for hypoglycemia and ensure early initiation of enteral feeding in all SGA neonates.

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Maternal Risk Factors for Small-for-Gestational-Age Newborns in Mexico: Analysis of a Nationwide Representative Cohort

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.707078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Suárez-Idueta L ◽

Bedford H ◽

Ohuma EO ◽

Cortina-Borja M

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Social Deprivation ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Factors Associated

Background: Small for gestational age (SGA) is a key contributor to premature deaths and long-term complications in life. Improved characterization of maternal risk factors associated with this adverse outcome is needed to inform the development of interventions, track progress, and reduce the disease burden. This study aimed to identify socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical factors associated with SGA in Mexico.Methods: We analyzed administrative data from 1,841,477 singletons collected by the National Information Subsystem of Livebirths during 2017. Small-for-gestational-age was defined as being <10th centiles according to the INTERGROWTH-21st standards. The comparison group was defined as being in ≥10th centiles. We fitted logistic regression models to determine odds ratios for the maternal factors associated with SGA.Results: Among the 1,841,477 singletons, 51% were male, 6.7% were SGA, 6.1% were term-SGA, and 0.5% were preterm-SGA. Maternal education presented a protective gradient of being SGA among mothers who achieved 1 to 6 years of education (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)0.95; 95% CI:0.91,0.99), 7 to 9 years (aOR 0.86; 95% CI:0.83,0.89), 10 to 12 years (aOR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.79) and > 12 years (aOR 0.63; 95% CI:0.6,0.66) compared with those without education. SGA was particularly likely to occur among primiparous (aOR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.39, 1.43), mothers living in very high deprivation localities (aOR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.43), young (aOR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.06), advanced age (aOR 1.14; 95% CI 1.09, 1.19), and mothers living in areas above 2,000 m (aOR 1.69; 95% CI: 1.65, 1.73). Antenatal care was associated with a reduced risk of SGA by 30% (aOR 0.7; 95% CI:0.67,0.73), 23% (OR 0.77; 95% CI:0.74,0.8), and 21% (OR 0.79; 95% CI:0.75,0.83), compared with those mothers who never received antenatal care, when women visited the clinic at the first, second and third trimester, respectively.Conclusion: Almost 7% of live births were found to be SGA. Parity, maternal age, education, place of residence, and social deprivation were significantly associated with this outcome. Antenatal care was protective. These findings imply that interventions focusing on early and adequate contact with health care facilities, reproductive health counseling, and maternal education should reduce SGA in Mexico.

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