scholarly journals Determinants of short birth intervals among married women: a cross-sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e043786
Author(s):  
Sidrah Nausheen ◽  
Maria Bhura ◽  
Kristy Hackett ◽  
Imtiaz Hussain ◽  
Zainab Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

IntroductionBirth spacing is a critical pathway to improving reproductive health. WHO recommends a minimum of 33-month interval between two consecutive births to reduce maternal, perinatal, infant morbidity and mortality. Our study evaluated factors associated with short birth intervals (SBIs) of less than 33 months between two consecutive births, in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional study among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) who had at least one live birth in the 6 years preceding the survey (N=2394). Information regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, fertility preferences, family planning history and a 6-year reproductive calendar were collected. To identify factors associated with SBIs, we fitted simple and multiple Cox proportional hazards models and computed HRs with their 95% CIs.ResultsThe median birth interval was 25 months (IQR: 14–39 months), with 22.9% (833) of births occurring within 33 months of the index birth. Women’s increasing age (25–30 years (aHR 0.63 (0.53 to 0.75), 30+ years (aHR 0.29, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.39) compared with 20-24 years; secondary education (aHR 0.75, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.88), intermediate education (aHR 0.62, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.80), higher education (aHR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.92) compared with no education, and a male child of the index birth (aHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.94) reduced the likelihood of SBIs. Women’s younger age <20 years (aHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.24) compared with 20–24 years, and those who did not use contraception within 9 months of the index birth had a higher likelihood for SBIs for succeeding birth compared with those who used contraception (aHR 2.23, 95% CI 1.93 to 2.58).ConclusionStudy shows that birth intervals in the study population are lower than the national average. To optimise birth intervals, programmes should target child spacing strategies and counsel MWRA on the benefits of optimal birth spacing, family planning services and contraceptive utilisation.

scholarly journals Determinants of Short Birth Intervals among married women in Karachi, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidrah Nausheen ◽  
Maria Bhura ◽  
Kristy Hackett ◽  
Imtiaz Hussain ◽  
Zainab Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Factors Associated

Introduction: Birth spacing is a critical pathway to improving reproductive health. The World Health Organization recommends a minimum of 33-month interval between two consecutive births to reduce maternal, perinatal, and infant morbidity and mortality. Our study evaluated factors associated with short birth intervals (SBIs) of less than 33 months between two consecutive births, in three peri-urban municipalities in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional study among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) who had at least one live birth in the six years preceding the survey (N=2394). Information regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, fertility preferences, family planning history, and a six-year reproductive calendar were collected. To identify factors associated with SBIs, we fitted simple and multiple Cox-proportional hazards models and computed hazard ratios (HR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The median birth interval was 25 months (IQR: 14-39 months), with 22.9% of births occurring within 33 months of the index birth. Women increasing age [25-29 years (aHR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.54-0.77), 30+ years (aHR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.23-0.40) compared to <25 years]; secondary education [aHR 0.78. 95% CI: 0.65-0.93], intermediate education [aHR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49-0.82], higher education (aHR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.96) compared to no education, and a male child of the index birth (aHR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.68-0.92) reduced the likelihood of SBIs. Women younger age <20 years [aHR 1.32, 95% CI 1.03-1.70] compared to 20-24 years, and those who did not use contraception within 9-months of the index birth had a higher likelihood for SBIs for succeeding birth compared to those who used contraception (aHR=2.33, 95% CI: 2.01-2.70). Conclusion: This study evaluates factors associated with birth spacing practices among married women of childbearing age in urban settlements of Karachi. Our study shows that birth intervals in the study population are lower than the national average. To optimize birth intervals, programs should target child spacing strategies and counsel MWRA on the benefits of optimal birth spacing, family planning services and contraceptive utilization.

scholarly journals Unmet need for family planning and associated factors among currently married reproductive age women in Tiro Afeta District, South West Ethiopia, 2017: cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Solomon ◽  
Mamo Nigatu ◽  
Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot ◽  
Biniam Getachew
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Ethiopia

Abstract Background Unmet need for family planning in Oromia region was very high (28.9%) compared to other regions in Ethiopia. To address problems associated with unmet need for family planning locally available evidences are essential, however, there were no clear evidences on unmet need for family planning in Tiro Afeta district. This study aims to assess the magnitude and associated factors of unmet need for family planning among currently married women in Tiro Afeta district, South West Ethiopia, 2017. Methods Community based cross sectional study was conducted in April, 2017. A total of 348 currently married women of reproductive age were enrolled from eight villages selected by simple random sampling and using proportional to size allocation. Data were entered using EpiData 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Adjusted odds ratios at 95% confidence interval with p-value of < 0.05 were considered as significant variables. Results Unmet need for family planning among currently married women in Tiro Afeta was 26.1%. Factors significantly associated with unmet need for family planning were: never use of family planning before survey (AOR: 5.09, 95% CI: 2.73–9.50); multiparity (AOR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.56–5.85); perceived husband’s attitude as disapproval (AOR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.43–5.26); lack of counseling from health workers (AOR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.11–3.85); and unavailability of Radio and/or Television in the house (AOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.15–3.66). Conclusion Unmet need for family planning in Tiro Afeta was higher than national average but lower than Oromia region. Never use of family planning, women’s parity, husband’s attitude towards contraceptives, women counseling and unavailability of Radio and/or Television in the respondent’s home were significantly associated factors with unmet need for family planning. Therefore, the service providers and the district health office should strengthen counseling and partner involvement to reduce unmet need for family planning.

scholarly journals Contraceptive preferences for birth spacing among married women of reproductive age group in a semi urban area near Chennai- A cross-sectional study

Biomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-304
Author(s):  
Timsi Jain ◽  
Yogesh Mohan ◽  
A Sanchana ◽  
K Aanandita ◽  
R Aanchal
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Introduction and Aim: Adequate birth spacing has proved to be an important factor in reducing both Maternal and Childhood mortality and morbidity. According to NFHS 4 data currently in India only 2/3rd of the births are having spacing of more than 2 years. Therefore this study was planned to find out the awareness and practice of birth spacing among Married women residing in asemiurban area near Chennai. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 115 married women of Reproductive age group. Pretested and predesigned semi structured Questionnaire was used to collect data on Awareness and practice regarding birth spacing. Data was analysed using proportions. Results: 96.5% women considered birth spacing as a good practice, 71.3% women had knowledge regarding birth spacing methods. 31.6% women practiced spacing after their first child. IUCDs was the most preferred method adopted. Lack of awareness regarding contraceptives followed by fear of complications was the major reason for not adopting spacing methods. Conclusion: Attitude regarding spacing was found to be good but knowledge and practice were less. It is high time that New contraceptives like injectable DMPA, POP and Centchroman be introduced in all the health facilities and people should be made aware of all the available methods.  

scholarly journals A study to assess the contraceptive use among married women of urban slums: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Sonika Sangra ◽  
Neha Choudhary ◽  
Akash Narangyal
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Family planning services like use of modern contraceptives help the couples to delay pregnancy and avoid the unwanted pregnancies. So, understanding the choice of contraceptives for the underserved couples is a key for provision of family planning services. Objective was to assess the contraceptive use among married women of urban slums using semi-structured questionnaire.Methods: The present observational cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one month i.e. November 2019 in urban slums of Trikuta Nagar, which is a field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, GMC Jammu. Information was gathered from married females of reproductive age group. 50% of the population was selected randomly by lottery method i.e. 90 females. But at the time of study, only 85 married females could be interviewed.Results: The results show that the maximum females belonged to the 15-25 years age group followed by 26-30 years age group. More than 50% were literate, 42.35% had education upto primary level. More than 50% females were self-employed as they were labourers and rests were home-makers. The duration of marriage of most of the respondent women was 0-5 years and 44.70% of women had three living children. 65.88% women had one year gap between the first two pregnancies.Conclusions: The information, education and communication activities about the advantages of using contraceptives and its side-effects while using these contraceptives need to be increased so as to promote the awareness among females of the urban slums.

scholarly journals Determinants of modern contraceptive use among married women of reproductive age: a cross-sectional study in rural Zambia

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e030980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Lasong ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Simon Afewerki Gebremedhin ◽  
Sampson Opoku ◽  
Chrissie Stansie Abaidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use ◽  
Rural Zambia

ObjectiveZambia is among the world’s top 10 countries with higher fertility rate (5.5 births/woman); unmet family planning need for births spacing (14%) and limiting births (7%). Women in rural Zambia (24%) are reported to have unmet need for family planning than those in urban areas (17%). This study was conducted to ascertain factors associated with modern contraceptive use among rural Zambian women.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingRural Zambia.ParticipantsSecondary data of 4903 married or cohabiting rural women (15–49 years) after filtering out the pregnant, urban based and unmarried women from 2013 to 2014 Zambian Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) were analysed using SPSS V.22. Multiple logistic regression, Pearson’s χ2and descriptive statistics were performed to examine factors associated with modern contraceptive use.ResultsFactors that were positively associated with contraceptive use were respondent’s education (secondary adjusted ORs (AOR = 1.61, p≤0.002); higher (AOR = 2.39, p≤0.050)), wealth index (middle class, (AOR = 1.35, p≤0.005); rich (AOR = 2.04, p≤0.001) and richest (AOR = 1.95, p≤0.034)), high parity (1–2 (AOR = 5.31, p≤0.001); 3–4 (AOR = 7.06, p≤0.001); 5+ (AOR = 8.02, p≤0.001)), men older than women by <10 years (AOR = 1.50, p≤0.026) and women sensitised about family planning at health facility (AOR = 1.73, p≤0.001). However, old age (40–49 years (AOR = 0.49, p≤0.001)), other religions (Protestants, African traditionalists and Muslims) (AOR = 0.77, p≤0.007), ever had pregnancy miscarried, aborted or stillbirth (AOR = 0.78, p≤0.026) and women without knowledge of number of children husband desires (AOR = 0.71, p≤0.001) were negatively associated with contraceptive use.ConclusionModern contraceptive use in rural Zambia among currently married women of reproductive age group is relatively low (43%). We recommend that appropriate interventions are instituted to increase contraceptive access and use especially among uneducated older rural Zambian women.

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