Adequacy and timeliness of antenatal care visits among Ethiopian women: a community-based panel study

ObjectivesThe purposes of the study are; (A) to identify whether Ethiopian women’s antenatal care (ANC) visits are adequate and timely and (B) to explore factors that determine these.DesignPanel study design.SettingEthiopia.ParticipantsA total of 2855 women nested within 217 enumeration areas.Primary outcome measuresAdequacy and timeliness of ANC visits.ResultsOf all the 2855 respondents, 65% had made an ANC visit once, while 26.8% initiated ANC visits in a timely way and 43.3% attended adequate ANC visits. Rural residence (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.55, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.84), attending higher level of education (AOR=2.64, 95% CI: 1.47 to 4.77), being multipara (AOR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.89) and encouragement by partners to attend clinic for ANC (AOR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.14 to 3.44) were significantly associated with timeliness of ANC visit. Similarly, residing in rural areas (AOR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.35), attending higher level of education (AOR=2.96, 95% CI: 1.38 to 6.15), encouragement by partners to attend clinic for ANC (AOR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.31 to 3.40) and timeliness of ANC visit (AOR=4.59, 95% CI: 2.93 to 7.21) were significantly associated with adequacy of ANC visits.ConclusionsA quarter of the pregnant women started ANC visits during the first trimester and nearly half attended adequate ANC visits with wider disparities across regions of their origin and their background characteristics. Concerted efforts on tailored interventions for rural residents, female education and partner involvement are recommended for early and adequate ANC visit(s).

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Extent of Received Antenatal Care Components in Ethiopia: A Community-Based Panel Study

International Journal of Women s Health ◽

10.2147/ijwh.s327750 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Volume 13 ◽

pp. 803-813

Author(s):

Kasiye Shiferaw ◽

Bezatu Mengistie ◽

Tesfaye Gobena ◽

Merga Dheresa ◽

Assefa Seme

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Panel Study ◽

Community Based

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Utilization of antenatal care services and factors affecting antenatal care visits in Pokhara sub-metropolitan city

Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jkahs.v3i1.28658 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sabita Paudel ◽

Tarun Paudel ◽

Seshananda Sanjel

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Nuclear Family ◽

First Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Face To Face ◽

Metropolitan City ◽

Care Services

Background: In context of Nepal, although pregnant women from city areas contribute to maternal mortality, evidence of the study of utilization of antenatal care services and factors affecting antenatal care visits (ANC) are focused in rural areas where health institutions are not easily available. The objective of this study was to identify ANC services utilization by eligible women in Pokhara sub-metropolitan city. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted applying face to face interviews with 240 eligible women bearing at least one youngest child below the age of two years. A structured and semi-structured questionnaire was used after translating into the Nepali language and pretesting it in the field. Data entered in Microsoft excel were transferred in SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) version 21 and analysis were carried out. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. The significance was set at the 0.05 level. Results: Approximately 97.0% of women had visited ANC during their recent pregnancy and about 56.0% of women had ≥4 ANC visits. The majority (80.3%) of the women used to seek ANC checkups during their first trimester and nearly half (49.0%) of the respondents belonged to the younger age of 15-19 years. Women’s (99.0%) and her husbands’ (86.0%) educational level significantly impacted ANC visits. Women having fewer numbers of children (98.0%) and the nuclear family (99.0%) had significantly higher ANC visits. Husbands’and mother-in-laws’ encouragement to go for ANC visits was significantly higher. All of the above-mentioned parameters were statistically significant at p< 0.05 level. Conclusions: There was variation in ANC service taking as per the encouragement from the husband and mother-in-law of the woman. Hence, awareness programs targeting husband and mother-in-law regarding the importance of ANC services are suggested. Conduction of detailed study in the future to explore the quality of services is recommended.

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Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women of reproductive age in Kenya and Tanzania: a community-based cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-43681/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James Orwa ◽

Samwel Maina Gatimu ◽

Michaela Mantel ◽

Stanley Luchters ◽

Micheal A. Mugerwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Birth Preparedness ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Complication Readiness ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Danger Signs

Abstract Background: Delayed health-seeking continues to contribute to preventable maternal and neonatal deaths in low resource countries. Some of the strategies to avoid the delay include early preparation for the birth and detection of danger signs. We aimed to assess the level of practice and factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) in Kenya and Tanzania.Methods: We conducted community-based multi-stage cross-sectional surveys in Kilifi and Kisii counties in Kenya and Mwanza region in Tanzania and included women who delivered two years preceding the survey (2016–2017). A woman who mentioned at least three out of five BPCR components was considered well-prepared. Bivariate and multivariable proportional odds model were used to determine the factors associated with the BPCR. The STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies informed the design and reporting of this study.Results: Only 11.4% (59/519) and 7.6% (31/409) of women were well-prepared for birth and its complications in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively, while 39.7% and 30.6% were unprepared, respectively. Level of education (primary: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.20, secondary: aOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.39–3.59), delivery within health facility (aOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15–2.29), good knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.80–2.04), labour and childbirth (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.93–2.67), postpartum (aOR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.24–5.79), and antenatal care were associated with BPCR (aOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13–1.78).Conclusion: Overall, most pregnant women were not prepared for birth and its complications in Kilifi, Kisii and Mwanza region. Improving level of education, creating awareness on danger signs during preconception, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period, and encouraging antenatal care and skilled birth care among women and their male partners/families are recommended strategies to promote BPCR practices and contribute to improved pregnancy outcomes in women and newborns.

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Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women of reproductive age in Kenya and Tanzania: a community-based cross-sectional survey

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-020-03329-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

James Orwa ◽

Samwel Maina Gatimu ◽

Michaela Mantel ◽

Stanley Luchters ◽

Michael A. Mugerwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Birth Preparedness ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Complication Readiness ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Danger Signs

Abstract Background Delayed health-seeking continues to contribute to preventable maternal and neonatal deaths in low resource countries. Some of the strategies to avoid the delay include early preparation for the birth and detection of danger signs. We aimed to assess the level of practice and factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) in Kenya and Tanzania. Methods We conducted community-based multi-stage cross-sectional surveys in Kilifi and Kisii counties in Kenya and Mwanza region in Tanzania and included women who delivered two years preceding the survey (2016–2017). A woman who mentioned at least three out of five BPCR components was considered well-prepared. Bivariate and multivariable proportional odds model were used to determine the factors associated with the BPCR. The STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies informed the design and reporting of this study. Results Only 11.4% (59/519) and 7.6% (31/409) of women were well-prepared for birth and its complications in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively, while 39.7 and 30.6% were unprepared, respectively. Level of education (primary: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.20, secondary: aOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.39–3.59), delivery within health facility (aOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15–2.29), good knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.80–2.04), labour and childbirth (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.93–2.67), postpartum (aOR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.24–5.79), and antenatal care were associated with BPCR (aOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13–1.78). Conclusion Overall, most pregnant women were not prepared for birth and its complications in Kilifi, Kisii and Mwanza region. Improving level of education, creating awareness on danger signs during preconception, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period, and encouraging antenatal care and skilled birth care among women and their male partners/families are recommended strategies to promote BPCR practices and contribute to improved pregnancy outcomes in women and newborns.

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Antenatal care booking within the first trimester of pregnancy and its associated factors among pregnant women residing in an urban area: a cross-sectional study in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032960 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. e032960 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tufa Kolola ◽

Wogene Morka ◽

Bayisa Abdissa

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Associated Factors ◽

First Trimester ◽

School Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Debre Berhan ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess antenatal care (ANC) booking within the first trimester of pregnancy and its associated factors among urban dwellers of pregnant women in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional.SettingPublic and private health facilities that provide ANC services in Debre Berhan town.Outcome measureFirst ANC booking within the first trimester of pregnancy.ParticipantsUrban dwellers of pregnant women in Debre Berhan town (n=384).ResultsA total of 387 pregnant women in Debre Berhan town were selected for this study, of which 384 responded giving a response rate of 99.2%. The proportion of pregnant women who had ANC booking within the first trimester of pregnancy was 156 (40.6%; 95% CI: 35.8% to 45.6%). In the multivariable analysis, the odds of first ANC booking within the first trimester was higher among pregnant women who had secondary school (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.84; 95% CI: 1.10 to 3.19) and more than secondary level of education (AOR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.27 to 4.03) compared with those who had less than a secondary school level of education. Pregnant women who have any ill health with their current pregnancy (AOR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.21 to 3.27) were more likely to start booking within the first trimester than their counterparts. The odds of ANC booking within the first trimester was threefold higher among women with knowledge of ANC (AOR: 3.05; 95% CI: 1.52 to 6.11) compared with their counterparts.ConclusionFirst ANC booking within the first trimester was found to be low among urban dwellers of Debre Berhan town. Secondary school and more educational level, having ill health during early pregnancy and women’s knowledge about ANC services were statistically associated with ANC booking within the first trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, improving ANC booking according to the WHO recommendation requires due attention. Further qualitative research exploring why early ANC booking remains low among urban dwellers is important to design intervention modalities.

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Continuum of Maternity Care in Zambia: a National Representative Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-257870/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Quraish Sserwanja ◽

Milton W. Musaba ◽

Linet M. Mutisya ◽

Emmanuel Olal ◽

David Mukunya

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Neonatal Morbidity ◽

First Trimester ◽

Continuum Of Care ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Tertiary Level ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Maternity Services ◽

First Semester ◽

Western Province

Abstract BackgroundGlobally, over half of maternal deaths are related to pregnancy-related complications. Provision of a continuum of care during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period results in reduced maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Hence this study determined the prevalence of the continuum of care and its determinants among women in Zambia.MethodsWe used weighted data from the Zambian Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) of 2018 for 7325 women aged 15 to 49 years. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to explore continuum of care in Zambia. All our analyses were done using SPSS version 25. ResultsOf the 7,325 women, 38.0% (2787/7325) (95% CI: 36.9-39.1) had complete continuum of maternal healthcare (four and more antenatal care contacts, childbirth at a health facility and postnatal care). Women who had attained tertiary level of education (AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.01-3.35) and whose partners had also attained tertiary level of education (AOR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.52-4.27) were more likely to utilize the whole continuum of care compared to those who had no education. Women who initiated antenatal care (ANC) after the first trimester (AOR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.39-0.53) were less likely to utilize the whole continuum of care compared to those who initiated in the first semester. Women with exposure to radio (AOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.28-1.96) were more likely to utilize the whole continuum of care compared to those who were not exposed to radio. Women residing in the Western province were less likely to utilize the entire continuum of care compared to those in the other nine provinces.ConclusionLevel of education of the women and of their partners, early timing of ANC initiation, residing in other provinces other than the Western province, and exposure to information through radio were positively associated with utilization of the entire continuum of care. Improving literacy levels and promoting maternity services through radio may improve the level of utilization of maternity services.

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Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women of reproductive age in Kenya and Tanzania: a community-based cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-43681/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James Orwa ◽

Samwel Maina Gatimu ◽

Michaela Mantel ◽

Stanley Luchters ◽

Micheal A. Mugerwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Birth Preparedness ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Complication Readiness ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Danger Signs

Abstract Introduction: Delayed health-seeking continues to contribute to preventable maternal and neonatal deaths in low resource countries. Some of the strategies to avoid the delay include early preparation for the birth and detection of danger signs. We aimed to assess the level of practice and factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) in Kenya and Tanzania.Methods: We conducted community-based multi-stage cross-sectional surveys in Kilifi and Kisii counties in Kenya and Mwanza region in Tanzania and included women who delivered two years preceding the survey (2016–2017). A woman who mentioned at least three out of five BPCR components was considered well-prepared. Bivariate and multivariable proportional odds model were used to determine the factors associated with the BPCR. The STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies informed the design and reporting of this study.Results: Only 11.4% (59/519) and 7.6% (31/409) of women were well-prepared for birth and its complications in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively, while 39.7% and 30.6% were unprepared, respectively. Level of education (primary: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.20, secondary: aOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.39–3.59), delivery within health facility (aOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15–2.29), good knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.80–2.04), labour and childbirth (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.93–2.67), postpartum (aOR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.24–5.79), and antenatal care were associated with BPCR (aOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13–1.78).Conclusion: Overall, most pregnant women were not prepared for birth and its complications in Kilifi, Kisii and Mwanza region. Improving level of education, creating awareness on danger signs during preconception, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period, and encouraging antenatal care and skilled birth care among women and their male partners/families are recommended strategies to promote BPCR practices and contribute to improved pregnancy outcomes in women and newborns.

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Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Among Women of Reproductive Age in Kenya and Tanzania: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-43681/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James Orwa ◽

Samwel Maina Gatimu ◽

Michaela Mantel ◽

Stanley Luchters ◽

Micheal A. Mugerwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Birth Preparedness ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Complication Readiness ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Danger Signs

Abstract Introduction: Delayed health seeking continues to contribute to preventable maternal and neonatal deaths in low resource countries. Some of the strategies to avoid the delay includes early preparation for the birth and detection of danger signs. We aimed to assess the level of practice and factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) in Kenya and Tanzania.Methods: We conducted community-based multi-stage cross-sectional surveys in Kilifi and Kisii counties in Kenya and Mwanza region in Tanzania and included women who delivered two years preceding the survey (2016-17). A woman who mentioned at least three out of five BPCR components was considered well-prepared. Bivariate and multivariable proportional odds model were used to determine the factors associated with the BPCR. The STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies informed the design and reporting of this study.Results: Only 11.4% (59/519) and 7.6% (31/409) of women were well-prepared for birth and its complications in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively, while 39.7% and 30.6% were unprepared, respectively. Level of education (primary: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.20, secondary: aOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.39–3.59), delivery within health facility (aOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15–2.29), good knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.80–2.04), labour and childbirth (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.93–2.67), postpartum (aOR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.24–5.79), and antenatal care were associated with BPCR (aOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13–1.78).Conclusion: Overall, most pregnant women were not prepared for birth and its complications in Kilifi, Kisii and Mwanza region. Improving level of education, creating awareness on danger signs during preconception, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period, and encouraging antenatal care and skilled birth care among women and their male partners/families are recommended strategies to promote BPCR practices and contribute to improved pregnancy outcomes in women and newborns.

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Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women of reproductive age in Kenya and Tanzania: a community-based cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-43681/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James Orwa ◽

Samwel Maina Gatimu ◽

Michaela Mantel ◽

Stanley Luchters ◽

Micheal A. Mugerwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Birth Preparedness ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Complication Readiness ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Danger Signs

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Quantifying Pregnant Women’s Knowledge of Educational Components of Antenatal Care in Lesotho

Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ◽

10.25159/2520-5293/4317 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tabeta Seeiso ◽

Mamutle M. Todd-Maja

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Danger Signs ◽

In Pregnancy

Antenatal care (ANC) literacy is particularly important for pregnant women who need to make appropriate decisions for care during their pregnancy and childbirth. The link between inadequate health literacy on the educational components of ANC and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is undisputable. Yet, little is known about the ANC literacy of pregnant women in SSA, with most studies inadequately assessing the four critical components of ANC literacy recommended by the World Health Organization, namely danger signs in pregnancy; true signs of labour; nutrition; and preparedness for childbirth. Lesotho, a country with one of the highest maternal mortality rates in SSA, is also underexplored in this research area. This cross-sectional study explored the levels of ANC literacy and the associated factors in 451 purposively sampled women in two districts in Lesotho using a structured questionnaire, making recourse to statistical principles. Overall, 16.4 per cent of the participants had grossly inadequate ANC literacy, while 79.8 per cent had marginal levels of such knowledge. The geographic location and level of education were the most significant predictors of ANC literacy, with the latter variable further subjected to post hoc margins test with the Bonferroni correction. The participants had the lowest scores on knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy and true signs of labour. Adequate ANC literacy is critical to reducing maternal mortality in Lesotho. Improving access to ANC education, particularly in rural areas, is recommended. This study also provides important recommendations critical to informing the national midwifery curriculum.

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