Lithium in mania and depression

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (26) ◽  
pp. 103-104
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Lithium Poisoning ◽  
Salt Substitute

In 1949 Cade1 introduced lithium into psychiatric use in Australia demonstrating its efficacy in the treatment of manic excitement. Unfortunately the drug almost immediately acquired a sinister reputation in the United States when its use as a salt substitute in cardiac patients caused a number of deaths from lithium poisoning.2 In Europe the advent of chlorpromazine and reserpine in the early 1950’s delayed the development of lithium; but in the last few years interest has revived as knowledge of fluid balance and mineral metabolism in affective disorders has increased.3

Paediatric cardiac rapid response systems: a survey of multicentre practices

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aarti C. Bavare ◽  
Natasha S. Afonso ◽  
Kerry A. Sembera ◽  
Jason R. Buckley ◽  
Tia T. Raymond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Rapid Response Teams ◽  
Rapid Response Systems ◽  
Outcomes Evaluation ◽  
Response Systems

Abstract Introduction: While the efficacy and guidelines for implementation of rapid response systems are well established, limited information exists about rapid response paradigms for paediatric cardiac patients despite their unique pathophysiology. Methods: With endorsement from the Paediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society, we designed and implemented a web-based survey of paediatric cardiac and multidisciplinary ICU medical directors in the United States of America and Canada to better understand paediatric cardiac rapid response practices. Results: Sixty-five (52%) of 125 centres responded. Seventy-one per cent of centres had ∼300 non-ICU beds and 71% had dedicated cardiac ICUs. To respond to cardiac patients, dedicated cardiac rapid response teams were utilised in 29% of all centres (39% and 5% in centres with and without dedicated cardiac ICUs, respectively) [p = 0.006]. Early warning scores were utilised in 62% of centres. Only 31% reported that rapid response teams received specialised training. Transfers to ICU were higher for cardiac (73%) compared to generalised rapid response events (54%). The monitoring and reassessment of patients not transferred to ICU after the rapid response was variable. Cardiac and respiratory arrests outside the ICU were infrequent. Only 29% of centres formally appraise critical deterioration events (need for ventilation and/or inotropes post-rapid response) and 34% perform post-event debriefs. Conclusion: Paediatric cardiac rapid response practices are variable and dedicated paediatric cardiac rapid response systems are infrequent in the United States of America and Canada. Opportunity exists to delineate best practices for paediatric cardiac rapid response and standardise practices for activation, training, patient monitoring post-rapid response events, and outcomes evaluation.

Systematic Reviews of Clinical of Acupuncture as Treatment for Depression:How Systematic and Accurate Are They?

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel Halbreich
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Number Of Patients

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is very popular in the United States, Canada and other Western societies, and the number of patients seeking treatment by CAM practitioners is increasing. This trend also affects treatment-seeking patients with affective disorders. Many patients and mental health providers update their information and formulate opinions and decisions based on second-hand digested summaries and scientific reviews of the literature. This results in the proliferation of review articles and journals that are exclusively dedicated to reviews. Since most medical schools do not teach CAM and most continuing medical education programs still ignore these subjects, it is of interest to examine the reliability of reviews that claim to be “systematic” and not to take their procedures and conclusions for granted.

Some Contributions to the Measurement of Psychopathology

1971 ◽  
Vol 119 (553) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Fleiss ◽  
Barry J. Gurland ◽  
John E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Study ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

This paper presents some of the more important results of a factor analysis of the mental state ratings made as part of the United States–United Kingdom Diagnostic Project's cross-national study. The project was organized in order to help account for the large differences between the two countries in the admission rates for schizophrenia and for the affective disorders (see Kramer, 1969, and Zubin, 1969). The major results of the study have been reported by Cooper, Kendell et al. (1969), Gurland et al. (1969), Cooper (1970), and Cooper, Kendell, Gurland et al. (1972).

The Incidence of Cancer Among In-Patients with Affective Disorders

1974 ◽  
Vol 124 (583) ◽  
pp. 518-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. R. Evans ◽  
J. A. Baldwin ◽  
Dennis Gath
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Population ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Physical Disease ◽  
Incidence Of Cancer

Mortality rates in psychiatric patients have been reported as higher than those of the general population in Scandinavia (Odegaard, 1952), the United States (Gorwitz et al., 1966; Babigian and Odoroff, 1968), and Scotland (Innes and Millar, 1970). These findings may be related both to a greater prevalence of physical disease amongst psychiatric patients (Kay and Roth, 1955; Culpan et al., 1960; Shepherd et al., 1964; Kay and Bergman, 1966; Eastwood and Trevelyan, 1972) and to a greater frequency of suicide (Stenstedt, 1952; Stenstedt, 1959; Pokorny, 1964).

Vomiting and Diarrhea

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 950-954
Author(s):  
Linda S. Book
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Fluid Therapy ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Serious Disease

Vomiting and diarrhea are frequently encountered in pediatric patients. Dehydration, a serious consequence of both vomiting and diarrhea, results in the deaths of more than 700 children annually in the United States. With appropriate parent education, both morbidity and mortality can be reduced, and much of the anxiety about these problems can be alleviated. Parents must be educated to recognize the associated signs and symptoms that indicate serious disease and warrant notifying the physician. Fluid therapy should be individualized, and parents should be informed of the appropriate steps to take. Parents must make quantitative observations and keep records not only to enable the physician to assess adequate fluid balance but also to be able to demonstrate to themselves the effectiveness of the treatment. It is just as important for the physician to reassure parents, who will have concerns about long-term nutritional or growth consequences.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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