Early effect of screening programmes on incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer

Gut ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007.1-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Zorzi ◽  
Ugo Fedeli
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Early Effect ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

scholarly journals Temporal Trends in Incidence and Mortality Rates for Colorectal Cancer by Tumor Location: 1975–2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1791-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda I. Phipps ◽  
John Scoggins ◽  
Mary Anne Rossing ◽  
Christopher I. Li ◽  
Polly A. Newcomb
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends by Sex and Population Group in South Africa: 2002-2014.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lactatia Matsie Motsuku ◽  
Wenlong Carl Chen ◽  
Mazvita Molleen Muchengeti ◽  
Tamlyn Mac Quene ◽  
Patricia Kellett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract BackgroundSouth Africa (SA) has experienced a rapid transition in the Human Development Index (HDI) over the past decade, which had an effect on the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to provide CRC incidence and mortality trends by population group and sex in SA from 2002 to 2014.MethodsIncidence data were extracted from the South African National Cancer Registry and mortality data obtained from Statistics South Africa (STATS SA), for the period 2002 to 2014. Age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) and age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) were calculated using the STATS SA mid-year population as the denominator and the Segi world standard population data for standardisation. A Joinpoint regression analysis was computed for the CRC ASIR and ASMR by population group and sex.ResultsA total of 33,232 incident CRC cases and 26,836 CRC deaths were reported during the study period. Of the CRC cases reported, 54% were males and 46% were females, and among deaths reported, 47% were males and 53% were females. Overall, there was a 2.5% annual average percentage change (AAPC) increase in ASIR from 2002 to 2014 (95% CI: 0.6- 4.5, p-value <0.001). For ASMR overall, there was 1.3% increase from 2002 to 2014 (95% CI: 0.1- 2.6, p-value <0.001). The ASIR and ASMR among population groups were stable, with the exception of the Black population group. The ASIR increased consistently at 4.3% for black males (95% CI: 1.9- 6.7, p-value <0.001) and 3.4% for black females (95% CI: 1.5- 5.3, p-value <0.001) from 2002 to 2014, respectively. Similarly, ASMR for black males and females increased by 4.2% (95% CI: 2.0- 6.5, p-value <0.001) and 3.4% (, 95%CI: 2.0- 4.8, p-value <0.01) from 2002 to 2014, respectively.ConclusionsThe disparities in the CRC incidence and mortality trends may reflect socioeconomic inequalities across different population groups in SA. The rapid increase in CRC trends among the Black population group is concerning and requires further investigation and increased efforts for cancer prevention, early screening and diagnosis, as well as better access to cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Recent advances in clinical practice: colorectal cancer chemoprevention in the average-risk population

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2244-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Chapelle ◽  
Myriam Martel ◽  
Esther Toes-Zoutendijk ◽  
Alan N Barkun ◽  
Marc Bardou
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Normal Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and lethal malignancies in Western countries. Its development is a multistep process that spans more than 15 years, thereby providing an opportunity for prevention and early detection. The high incidence and mortality rates emphasise the need for prevention and screening. Many countries have therefore introduced CRC screening programmes. It is expected, and preliminary evidence in some countries suggests, that this screening effort will decrease CRC-related mortality rates. CRC prevention involves a healthy lifestyle and chemoprevention—more specifically, oral chemoprevention that can interfere with progression from a normal colonic mucosa to adenocarcinoma. This preventive effect is important for individuals with a genetic predisposition, but also in the general population. The ideal chemopreventive agent, or combination of agents, remains unknown, especially when considering safety during long-term use. This review evaluates the evidence across 80 meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies of CRC prevention using medications, vitamins, supplements and dietary factors. This review suggests that the following factors are associated with a decreased incidence of CRC: aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, magnesium, folate, a high consumption of fruits and vegetables, fibre and dairy products. An increased incidence of CRC was observed with frequent alcohol or meat consumption. No evidence of a protective effect for tea, coffee, garlic, fish and soy products was found. The level of evidence is moderate for aspirin, β-carotene and selenium, but is low or very low for all other exposures or interventions.

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates Among New York City Adults Ages 20–54 years during 1976–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellie C Van Beck ◽  
John Jasek ◽  
Kristi Roods ◽  
Jennifer J Brown ◽  
Shannon M Farley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
New York State ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Registry Data ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates are rising in younger Americans and mortality rates are increasing among younger white Americans. We used New York State Cancer Registry data to examine New York City CRC incidence and mortality trends among adults ages 20–54 years by race from 1976 to 2015. Annual percent change (APC) was considered statistically significant at P less than .05 using a two-sided test. CRC incidence increased among those ages 20–49 years, yet blacks had the largest APC of 2.2% (1993–2015; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4% to 3.1%) compared with 0.5% in whites (1976–2015; 95% CI = 0.2% to 0.7%). Among those aged 50–54 years, incidence increased among blacks by 0.8% annually (1976–2015; 95% CI = 0.4% to 1.1%), but not among whites. CRC mortality decreased among both age and race groups. These findings emphasize the value of local registry data to understand trends locally, the importance of timely screening, and the need for clinicians to consider CRC among all patients with compatible signs and symptoms.

scholarly journals Improvement In Colorectal Cancer Outcomes Over Time is Limited To Patients With Left-Sided Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Rumpold ◽  
Monika Hackl ◽  
Andreas Petzer ◽  
Dominik Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Cancer Outcomes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Primary Tumor Location ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Purpose: Incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) declined over the last decades. However, survival depends on the primary tumor location. It is unknown if all progress in outcomes vary depending on left-sided (LCRC) versus right sided (RCC) colorectal cancer. We compare incidence and mortality rates over time according to the primary tumor location. Methods: Data from the Austrian National Cancer Registry spanning from 1983 to 2018 were used to calculate annual incidence and mortality rates and survival stratified by primary tumor localization and stage. Joinpoint regression with linear regression models were used on different subgroups to identify significant changes of incidence- and mortality slopes.Results: A total of 168,260 (incidence-data set) and 87,355 cases (mortality data-set) were identified. Survival of disseminated RCC was worse compared to LCRC (HR 1.14; CI 1.106 – 1.169). Total and LCRC incidence- and mortality-rates declined steadily over time, whereas the rates of RCC did not. Incidence of disseminated RCC declined significantly less (slope -0.07; CI -0.086; -0.055) than in LCRC (slope -0.159; CI -0.183; -0.136); mortality rate of RCC was unchanged over time. Incidence and mortality of localized RCC remained unchanged over time, whereas both rates declined independently of stage in LCRC. Conclusion: Colorectal cancer outcomes during the last 35 years have preferentially improved in LCRC but not in RCC, indicating that the progress made is limited to LCRC. It is necessary to define RCC as a distinct form of CRC and to focus on specific strategies for its early detection and treatment.

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality Disparities in New Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Hoffman ◽  
David K. Espey ◽  
Robert L. Rhyne ◽  
Melissa Gonzales ◽  
Ashwani Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background.Previous analyses indicated that New Mexican Hispanics and American Indians (AI) did not experience the declining colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates observed among non-Hispanic whites (NHW). We evaluated more recent data to determine whether racial/ethnic differences persisted.Methods.We used New Mexico Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data from 1995 to 2009 to calculate age-specific incidence rates and age-adjusted incidence rates overall and by tumor stage. We calculated mortality rates using National Center for Health Statistics’ data. We used joinpoint regression to determine annual percentage change (APC) in age-adjusted incidence rates. Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity and gender.Results.Incidence rates continued declining in NHW (APC −1.45% men, −1.06% women), while nonsignificantly increasing for AI (1.67% men, 1.26% women) and Hispanic women (0.24%). The APC initially increased in Hispanic men through 2001 (3.33%,P=0.06), before declining (−3.10%,P=0.003). Incidence rates declined in NHW and Hispanics aged 75 and older. Incidence rates for distant-stage cancer remained stable for all groups. Mortality rates declined significantly in NHW and Hispanics.Conclusions.Racial/ethnic disparities in CRC persist in New Mexico. Incidence differences could be related to risk factors or access to screening; mortality differences could be due to patterns of care for screening or treatment.

scholarly journals Decreased colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in a diverse urban population with increased colonoscopy screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Brown ◽  
Charles K. Asumeng ◽  
David Greenwald ◽  
Matthew Weissman ◽  
Ann Zauber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background Although colorectal cancer screening has contributed to decreased incidence and mortality, disparities are present by race/ethnicity. The Citywide Colon Cancer Control Coalition (C5) and NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) promoted screening colonoscopy from 2003 on, and hypothesized future reductions in CRC incidence, mortality and racial/ethnic disparities. Methods We assessed annual percent change (APC) in NYC CRC incidence, stage and mortality rates through 2016 in a longitudinal cross-sectional study of NY State Cancer Registry, NYC Vital Statistics, and NYC Community Health Survey (CHS) data. Linear regression tested associations between CRC mortality rates and risk factors. Results Overall CRC incidence rates from 2000 decreased 2.8% yearly from 54.1 to 37.3/100,000 population in 2016, and mortality rates from 2003 decreased 2.9% yearly from 21.0 to 13.9 in 2016 at similar rates for all racial/ethnic groups. Local stage disease decreased overall with a transient increase from 2002 to 2007. In 2016, CRC incidence was higher among Blacks (42.5 per 100,000) than Whites (38.0), Latinos (31.7) and Asians (30.0). In 2016, Blacks had higher mortality rates (17.9), than Whites (15.2), Latinos (10.4) and Asians (8.8). In 2016, colonoscopy rates among Blacks were 72.2%, Latinos 71.1%, Whites 67.2%, and Asians, 60.9%. CRC mortality rates varied by neighborhood and were independently associated with Black race, CRC risk factors and access to care. Conclusions In a diverse urban population, a citywide campaign to increase screening colonoscopy was associated with decreased incidence and mortality among all ethnic/racial groups. Higher CRC burden among the Black population demonstrate more interventions are needed to improve equity.

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