Mental health trajectories from childhood to young adulthood affect the educational and employment status of young adults: results from the TRAILS study

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Veldman ◽  
Sijmen A Reijneveld ◽  
Josue Almansa Ortiz ◽  
Frank C Verhulst ◽  
Ute Bültmann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Health Trajectories

scholarly journals Defining and predicting service utilisation in young adulthood following childhood treatment of an eating disorder

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica McClelland ◽  
Mima Simic ◽  
Ulrike Schmidt ◽  
Antonia Koskina ◽  
Catherine Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Eating Disorder Treatment ◽  
Disorder Treatment

Background Eating disorder services are often separated into child and adolescent eating disorder services (CAEDSs) and adult eating disorder services (AEDSs). Most patients in CAEDSs present with first-episode illness of short duration, which with appropriate treatment, have a good prognosis. However, some individuals receive further treatment as adults. Little is known about service utilisation in adulthood following childhood/adolescent treatment of an eating disorder. Aims This study aims (a) to estimate the proportion of patients in a CAEDS who use mental health services as young adults, (b) to delineate service utilisation following treatment in CAEDSs and (c) to identify factors in CAEDSs that predict service utilisation in young adulthood. Method A consecutive cohort of 322 patients (aged 13–17 years) seen in a CAEDS in the UK over a 5-year period were included in this audit. Data regarding their use of UK-wide adult mental health services as young adults (i.e. when aged 18–25) were extracted from local and national hospital records. Results A total of 68.3% of CAEDS patients received no mental health treatment as young adults. Although 13% of people seen in a CAEDS had brief eating disorder treatment as young adults, 10% received longer/or more intensive eating disorder treatment. Overall, 10.8% transitioned directly to an AEDS and 7.6% were re-referred following discharge from CAEDS. In our sample, older age and increased use of CAEDSs predicted increased eating disorder treatment in young adulthood. Conclusions Our results indicate that most people seen in CAEDSs do not receive further mental health treatment as young adults. Several features in CAEDSs distinguish mental health service utilisation in young adulthood, which were identified clinically and could be targeted during treatment.

Psychiatric disorders in low birthweight young adults. Prevalence and association with assessments at 11 years

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.B. Elgen ◽  
F. Holsten ◽  
M.D. Odberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveTo compare mental health of 136 young adults without neurosensory handicaps born with low birthweight (LBW, birthweight less than 2000 g) with 132 adults with normal birthweight (NBW).MethodA cohort of moderate LBW and NBW young adults were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) at 19 years and the Children Assessment Schedule (CAS) at 11 years of age.ResultsAt 19 years of age, 44 out of 136 (32%) LBW young adults were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder compared to 10% NBW (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 4.5, P = 0.02). Among the LBW young adults, affective-, anxiety-, ADHD- and antisocial personality disorders were most common, and nine subjects (20%) had more than one diagnosis. Of 97 LBW subjects examined both at 11 and 19 years of age, 54 (56%) were mentally healthy though out adolescence. This was half as many as for controls (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.9).ConclusionModerate LBW was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders in young adulthood. Only half of LBW young adults stayed healthy throughout adolescence.

scholarly journals Allostasis model facilitates understanding race differences in the diurnal cortisol rhythm

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1167-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martie L. Skinner ◽  
Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff ◽  
Kevin P. Haggerty ◽  
Christopher L. Coe ◽  
Richard F. Catalano
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Race Differences ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractThe concept of allostasis suggests that greater cumulative stress burden can influence stress-responsive physiology. Dysregulation of allostatic mediators, including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, is thought to precede many other signs of age-related pathology as the persistent burden of stressors accumulates over the individual's life span. We predicted that even in young adulthood, HPA regulation would differ between Blacks and Whites, reflecting, in part, higher rates of stressor exposure and greater potential for stressors to “get under the skin.” We examined whether stressor exposure, including experiences with racism and discrimination, explained race differences in waking cortisol and the diurnal rhythm. We also examined whether HPA functioning was associated with mental health outcomes previously linked to cortisol. Salivary cortisol was assayed in 275 young adults (127 Blacks, 148 Whites, 19 to 22 years old), four times a day across 3 days. Hierarchical linear models revealed flatter slopes for Blacks, reflecting significantly lower waking and higher bedtime cortisol levels compared to Whites. Associations of HPA functioning with stressors were typically more robust for Whites such that more stress exposure created an HPA profile that resembled that of Black young adults. For Blacks, greater stressor exposure did not further impact HPA functioning, or, when significant, was often associated with higher cortisol levels. Across both races, flatter slopes generally indicated greater HPA dysregulation and were associated with poor mental health outcomes. These differential effects were more robust for Whites. These findings support an allostatic model in which social contextual factors influence normal biorhythms, even as early as young adulthood.

scholarly journals 0936 Cardiometabolic Disorders are Independently Associated with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Young Adults

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A356-A356
Author(s):  
J Fernandez-Mendoza ◽  
K Puzino ◽  
S L Calhoun ◽  
M Qureshi ◽  
F He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Health Disorders

Abstract Introduction Cardiometabolic risk factors (CMR), including obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, have been associated with sleep apnea and insufficient sleep, both of which can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). We hypothesized that CMR are associated with EDS in young adults independent of sleep apnea, sleep duration and mental health disorders (MHD). Methods The Penn State Child Cohort is a population-based longitudinal sample of 700 children (8.7±1.7y), of whom 421 were followed-up 8.3 years later during adolescence (17.0±2.3y) and 425 another 7.0 years later during young adulthood (24.4±2.6y). Subjects underwent a 9-h in-lab polysomnography in childhood and adolescence and parent- or self-reported standardized surveys at all time points. Self-reports in young adulthood and in-lab measurements in childhood were used to ascertain CMR and sleep apnea. Parent-reports in childhood and self-reports in young adulthood were used to ascertain the presence of MHD and EDS. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, race, sex, snoring/observed apneas, insomnia symptoms, and sleep duration in young adulthood as well as mean arterial blood pressure, body mass index percentile and apnea/hypopnea index in childhood. Results CMR (OR=2.71, 95%CI=1.69-4.36) and MHD (OR=4.61, 95%CI=2.79-7.62) were associated with EDS in univariate models. After adjusting for covariates in childhood and young adulthood, CMR and MHD remained independently associated with EDS (OR=2.32, 95%CI=1.29-4.16 and OR=2.78, 95%CI=1.59-4.87, respectively). Conclusion EDS in young adults with CMR or MHD does not solely arise from sleep apnea, insufficient sleep or other sleep disturbances. EDS may be the result of central pathophysiologic mechanisms or the functional impairment associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and mental health disorders. These data further support that youth with these disorders should be screened for EDS and appropriately managed. Support National Institutes of Health (R01HL136587, R01HL97165, R01HL63772, UL1TR000127)

scholarly journals Adolescent mental health and behavioural predictors of being NEET: a prospective study of young adults not in employment, education, or training

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rodwell ◽  
H. Romaniuk ◽  
W. Nilsen ◽  
J. B. Carlin ◽  
K. J. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Employment Education

BackgroundYoung adults who are not in employment, education, or training (NEET) are at risk of long-term economic disadvantage and social exclusion. Knowledge about risk factors for being NEET largely comes from cross-sectional studies of vulnerable individuals. Using data collected over a 10-year period, we examined adolescent predictors of being NEET in young adulthood.MethodsWe used data on 1938 participants from the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study, a community-based longitudinal study of adolescents in Victoria, Australia. Associations between common mental disorders, disruptive behaviour, cannabis use and drinking behaviour in adolescence, and NEET status at two waves of follow-up in young adulthood (mean ages of 20.7 and 24.1 years) were investigated using logistic regression, with generalised estimating equations used to account for the repeated outcome measure.ResultsOverall, 8.5% of the participants were NEET at age 20.7 years and 8.2% at 24.1 years. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found evidence of increased risk of being NEET among frequent adolescent cannabis users [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) = 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–2.75] and those who reported repeated disruptive behaviours (ORadj= 1.71; 95% CI 1.15–2.55) or persistent common mental disorders in adolescence (ORadj= 1.60; 95% CI 1.07–2.40). Similar associations were present when participants with children were included in the same category as those in employment, education, or training.ConclusionsYoung people with an early onset of mental health and behavioural problems are at risk of failing to make the transition from school to employment. This finding reinforces the importance of integrated employment and mental health support programmes.

scholarly journals Does the timing and duration of mental health problems during childhood and adolescence matter for labour market participation of young adults?

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-215994
Author(s):  
Samira de Groot ◽  
Karin Veldman ◽  
Benjamin C Amick III ◽  
Tineke A J Oldehinkel ◽  
Iris Arends ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Externalising Problems ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Internalising Problems

BackgroundLittle is known about the timing and duration of mental health problems (MHPs) on young adults’ labour market participation (LMP). This life-course study aims to examine whether and how the timing and duration of MHPs between childhood and young adulthood are associated with LMP in young adulthood.MethodsLogistic regression analyses were performed with data from the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a Dutch prospective cohort study with 15-year follow-up (N=874). Internalising and externalising problems were measured by the Youth/Adult Self-Report at ages 11, 13, 16, 19 and 22. Labour market participation (having a paid job yes/no) was assessed at age 26.ResultsInternalising problems at all ages and externalising problems at age 13, 19 and 22 were associated with an increased risk of not having a paid job (internalising problems ORs ranging from 2.24, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.90 at age 11 to OR 6.58, CI 3.14 to 13.80 at age 22; externalising problems ORs from 2.84, CI 1.11 to 7.27 at age 13 to OR 6.36, CI 2.30 to 17.56 at age 22). Especially a long duration of internalising problems increased the risk of not having a paid job in young adulthood.ConclusionThe duration of MHPs during childhood and adolescence is strongly associated with not having paid work in young adulthood. This emphasises the necessity of applying a life-course perspective when investigating the effect of MHPs on LMP. Early monitoring, mental healthcare and the (early) provision of employment support may improve young adult’s participation in the labour market.

scholarly journals Protocol for the Mason: Health Starts Here prospective cohort study of young adult college students

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Cuellar ◽  
Leah M. Adams ◽  
Lilian de Jonge ◽  
Virginia Espina ◽  
Laurette Espinoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Clinic Visits

Abstract Background Young adulthood is a period of increasing independence for the 40% of young adults enrolled in U.S. colleges. Previous research indicates differences in how students’ health behaviors develop and vary by gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. George Mason University is a state institution that enrolls a highly diverse student population, making it an ideal setting to launch a longitudinal cohort study using multiple research methods to evaluate the effects of health behaviors on physical and psychological functioning, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Mason: Health Starts Here was developed as a longitudinal cohort study of successive waves of first year students that aims to improve understanding of the natural history and determinants of young adults’ physical health, mental health, and their role in college completion. The study recruits first year students who are 18 to 24 years old and able to read and understand English. All incoming first year students are recruited through various methods to participate in a longitudinal cohort for 4 years. Data collection occurs in fall and spring semesters, with online surveys conducted in both semesters and in-person clinic visits conducted in the fall. Students receive physical examinations during clinic visits and provide biospecimens (blood and saliva). Conclusions The study will produce new knowledge to help understand the development of health-related behaviors during young adulthood. A long-term goal of the cohort study is to support the design of effective, low-cost interventions to encourage young adults’ consistent performance of healthful behaviors, improve their mental health, and improve academic performance.

Identifying Diurnal Cortisol Profiles among Young Adults: Physiological Signatures of Mental Health Trajectories

2021 ◽  
pp. 105204
Author(s):  
Lindsay Till Hoyt ◽  
Katharine H. Zeiders ◽  
Natasha Chaku ◽  
Li Niu ◽  
Stephanie H. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Health Trajectories
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