scholarly journals Glossary for public health surveillance in the age of data science

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2018-211654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Chiolero ◽  
David Buckeridge

Public health surveillance is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of the resulting information to those responsible for preventing and controlling disease and injury. With the rapid development of data science, encompassing big data and artificial intelligence, and with the exponential growth of accessible and highly heterogeneous health-related data, from healthcare providers to user-generated online content, the field of surveillance and health monitoring is changing rapidly. It is, therefore, the right time for a short glossary of key terms in public health surveillance, with an emphasis on new data-science developments in the field.

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1, 2 & 3) ◽  
pp. 2007
Author(s):  
Sina A. Muscati

In the aftermath of Severe Acute Respirato- ry Syndrome (SARS) and with concern growing about avian flu, mad cow, and other emerging diseases, public health surveillance has become a matter of importance to Canadians. Such sur- veillance is a key component of the fight against these diseases; it involves the systematic collec- tion, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data about health-related events for use in public health responses. Indeed, new technolo- gies enable “data mining” at an unprecedented scale, both in the amount and type of informa- tion that can be collected, and in the extent to which that information can be used to identify public health concerns. All this has made the concept of “anonymous” information less and less realistic.


Data ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Jordan ◽  
Sierra Hovet ◽  
Isaac Fung ◽  
Hai Liang ◽  
King-Wa Fu ◽  
...  

Twitter is a social media platform where over 500 million people worldwide publish their ideas and discuss diverse topics, including their health conditions and public health events. Twitter has proved to be an important source of health-related information on the Internet, given the amount of information that is shared by both citizens and official sources. Twitter provides researchers with a real-time source of public health information on a global scale, and can be very important in public health research. Classifying Twitter data into topics or categories is helpful to better understand how users react and communicate. A literature review is presented on the use of mining Twitter data or similar short-text datasets for public health applications. Each method is analyzed for ways to use Twitter data in public health surveillance. Papers in which Twitter content was classified according to users or tweets for better surveillance of public health were selected for review. Only papers published between 2010–2017 were considered. The reviewed publications are distinguished by the methods that were used to categorize the Twitter content in different ways. While comparing studies is difficult due to the number of different methods that have been used for applying Twitter and interpreting data, this state-of-the-art review demonstrates the vast potential of utilizing Twitter for public health surveillance purposes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hicks

Colleagues,I am delighted to present to you the summary abstracts and presentations from the 2019 International Society of Disease Surveillance (ISDS) Conference which was held San Diego, CA from January 30th – February 2nd, 2019.  Over the past several years, the concept of investing in data science and data scientists has been touted as a transformational endeavor for governmental organizations, non-profits, as well as private sector and commercial markets. How “true” data science is harnessed to influence and improve public health surveillance and population health remains to be seen. Data science has great potential to provide a new lens to inform and improve public health surveillance and population health. However, this lens needs to focus upon more than just “Big Data” analytics and information technology. It must also focus on fostering organizational environments and multi-agency collaborations that invigorate curiosity and experimentation and development of cross-disciplinarian partnerships to address multifactorial and multidimensional health and disparity challenges. It also must hone in on producing evidence-based analytic results to improve measurable health outcomes. Analysis and summary results are not the end products for surveillance. The concept of data science needs to be leveraged across public health to better communicate the findings of disease surveillance through the “storytelling of illness and disease” to influence public health policy, and ultimately improve population health.This year, with these ideas in mind, and with the support of a dynamic, engaged, and multi-disciplinary Scientific Planning Committee (SPC) - ISDS has expanded its conference scope beyond traditional tracks which historically focused on surveillance, informatics, and analysis, to include tracks related to:One HealthNon – Human Health SurveillanceEcologyCommunications, Medical Rhetoric, Visualization, and ReportingChronic Disease / Mental HealthSubstance AbuseData QualityInjury SurveillanceSubstance Abuse – Opioid SurveillanceRecognizing that Public Health is a collaborative and multi-disciplinary team sport, we have expanded our outreach efforts to include new partners across academia, the private sector, state, local, and tribal partners, as well as federal agencies.  During the 2019 ISDS Conference, we had a significant increase in overall attendance (~375) and abstracts submissions compared to prior years; with 29 countries represented and 130 oral presentations and 95 poster presentations provided over the three-day conference.   We held a number of sessions on Opioid Use and Prescribing Surveillance as well as Medical Rhetoric, Communications, and Visualization that were standing-room only and beyond.Our keynote speakers on the intersection of Data Science and Public Health included: William J. Kassler, MD, MPH, IBM Watson Health – Deputy Chief Health OfficerWilma J. Wooten, MD, MPH, Public Health Officer for the County of San DiegoMichael Hogarth, MD, FACP, FACMI, Chief Clinical Research Information Officer for University of California San Diego HealthSome of the key take-aways from the presentations at the 2019 ISDS Conference were that data science and the act of data collections and analysis are NOT the end goals of public health surveillance; they are just the beginning.  Data do NOT speak for themselves; they require context, curation, interpretation, and ultimately need to effectively communicating findings through the story telling of illness and disease to officials, policy makers, and the public with the objective to inform and influence public health policy, motivate health behavior change, drive public health action, and ultimately improve population health.I encourage you to review the abstracts submitted here in the Online Journal of Public Health Informatics which were presented at the 2019 International Society for Disease Surveillance 2019 Conference and to engage multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary conversations (reach out directly to authors and presenters) around these important topics, expand your networks and opportunities in the public health community. Regards,Peter Hicks, MA, MPHScientific Program Chair International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) 2019Centers for Disease Control and Prevention**Information included in this statement are those of the author and do not represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)


2021 ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
Nguyen Tran Hien ◽  
James W. Buehler ◽  
Ann Marie Kimball

Public health surveillance provides the epidemiologic foundation for modern public health practice. The ongoing monitoring of disease or health trends within populations informs what public health actions are taken and reflects whether those actions are effective. Surveillance may involve monitoring of diseases and other health-related conditions as well as their antecedents, characteristics, and consequences. Surveillance can guide the local response to individual cases of disease or more broadly inform public health programmes and policies. A key function of surveillance is to identify circumstances that merit further public health scrutiny, such as groups or locations that are disproportionately affected or changes in disease occurrence or severity. General principles that underlie the practice of surveillance are essentially the same for all countries, regardless of economic development. However, in many resource-poor countries, challenges to meeting needs for population health information are heightened and include potential tensions between groups with differing interests. Public health surveillance is conducted in many ways, depending on the nature of the health event under surveillance, the nature of healthcare and information infrastructures, the population involved, resources available, and information needs. The widespread and expanding use of the internet, electronic media, communication technologies, and mobile computing have enabled innovations in public health surveillance that reach far beyond traditional methods. Although surveillance methods were originally developed as part of efforts to control infectious diseases, basic concepts of surveillance have been applied to all areas of public health.


Author(s):  
Richard Hopkins ◽  
Aaron Kite-Powell

Public health surveillance is ‘the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data about a health-related event for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve health. Data disseminated by a public health surveillance system can be used for immediate public health action, program planning and evaluation, and formulating research hypotheses. This chapter discusses purposes for surveillance, surveillance opportunities, surveillance system design, public health informatics, evaluating a surveillance system, and general principles for effective surveillance systems.


Author(s):  
Lisa M. Lee

Public health surveillance is one approach used by public health professionals to gather evidence to inform public health policies and actions. Related ethical considerations have evolved over time, from those common to infectious disease surveillance, such as privacy and confidentiality, consent, discrimination, and stigma, to additional considerations related to the surveillance of noncommunicable conditions, such as self-determination justice, and provision of benefit. Recent advances in technology, data science, data collection, and expectations of how public health surveillance can serve the public good have substantial implications for how public health professionals should design and conduct ethical surveillance systems. Public health professionals can anticipate, address, and potentially avoid ethical conflicts by integrating ethical considerations throughout the development and implementation of a public health surveillance system.


2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Wagner ◽  
F-C. Tsui ◽  
J. Espino ◽  
W. Hogan ◽  
J. Hutman ◽  
...  

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