On Vaccines and Vaccination: Basic Concepts and Recent Developments

The mutual interaction between spin current and magnetization is a key phenomenon in spintronics. This interaction leads to a spinmotive force, a mechanism of energy-transfer from magnetization into conduction electrons. In this paper, the basic concepts and recent developments of the spinmotive force are introduced.

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Microporous membrane adsorbers: basic concepts and recent developments

Desalination ◽

10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.126 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 199 (1-3) ◽

pp. 553-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rene Faber ◽

Wolfgang Demmer ◽

Hans-Heinrich Hörl ◽

Dietmar Nußbaumer

Keyword(s):

Microporous Membrane ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Basic Concepts ◽

Membrane Adsorbers

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The Maritime Safety System, its Main Components and Elements

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s0373463301001205 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 199-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Z. Kopacz ◽

W. Morgaś ◽

J. Urbański

Keyword(s):

Information Age ◽

Safety System ◽

Maritime Safety ◽

Radio Communications ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Long Time ◽

Basic Concepts ◽

Main Components

The basic concepts safety at sea and the maritime safety system have remained almost unchanged for a comparatively long time. However, the components and elements of these concepts are now subject to many changes created by the ‘information age’. This paper presents thoughts on today's concept of the maritime safety system, its main components and their elements. Although the thoughts and ideas presented are those of the authors, they take account of the legal instruments in force and recent developments in technology, especially developments in radio-communications. The paper provides an overall review of the institutions, regulations and procedures concerned with safety at sea.

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Introduction and Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks

Handbook of Research on Developments and Trends in Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-701-5.ch001 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wenbin Jiang ◽

Hai Jin ◽

Chen Yu ◽

Chao Liu

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Human Beings ◽

The World ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Basic Concepts ◽

The Way

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly popular, which is changing the way people perceive the world largely, as well as the living styles of human beings. To give readers a basic, wide view of WSNs and make them understood more deeply, this chapter introduces their various aspects briefly, including basic concepts, architectures and protocols, etc. Moreover, it discusses their recent developments, challenges and new trends, based on analysis of many meaningful references. Some classic applications are also shown to approve the popularity of Wireless Sensor Networks.

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Introduction to Fourier Transform Spectroscopy

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/000370268774384074 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 617-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Gary Horlick

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Far Infrared ◽

Fourier Transform Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform Spectrometer ◽

Data Handling ◽

Spectral Measurements ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Basic Concepts ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

Spectrometer System

This paper provides an introduction to Fourier transform spectroscopy. The basic concepts of the Fourier transform technique are reviewed. These include the characteristics and generation of interferograms and the generation of spectra by the Fourier transformation of interferograms. The multiplex and throughput advantages and the data handling disadvantages are also discussed. The optical, electronic, and data-handling instrumentation and techniques necessary for a Fourier transform spectrometer system are, in general, quite different from those of a conventional prism or grating spectrometer. The requirements of these areas are outlined and recent developments are reviewed. The Fourier transform technique has been successfully applied to a number of spectral measurements from the visible through to the far infrared. Some of the more recent applications are discussed.

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“Through the looking glass: envisioning new library technologies” how artificial intelligence will impact libraries

Library Hi Tech News ◽

10.1108/lhtn-05-2016-0024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 5-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Peter Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Educational Technology ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Emerging Technologies ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Human Intelligence ◽

Content Type ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Basic Concepts ◽

Looking Glass

Purpose This is the second of a two-part series on artificial intelligence (AI). The first column summarized some of the basic concepts necessary to understand AI and why recent developments indicate that it is poised to radically transform an array of emerging technologies. Design/methodology/approach This column will assume some basic knowledge of AI, to more fully explore how this technology is likely to impact libraries in the future in the areas of search, educational technology and logistics. Findings At its core, AI is a group of technologies that attempts to enable computers to solve problems in more dynamic ways than they previously have been able to do. Often, these efforts are conceptualized as replicating human intelligence in their functionality, even if they often use radically different underlying methods. Originality/value One key difference is that computers have inherent advantages over humans in absorbing and processing certain types of data. As a result, what can be done once a computer is capable of making more complex inferences can be truly remarkable, particularly when AI is used to empower humans in accomplishing otherwise tedious or difficult tasks.

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Introduction to Intelligent User Interfaces (IUIs)

10.5772/intechopen.97789 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nauman Jalil

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

User Interface ◽

User Interfaces ◽

Interface Design ◽

Current User ◽

Actual Situation ◽

Intelligent User Interfaces ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Basic Concepts ◽

New Situation

This chapter is intended to provide an overview of the Intelligent User Interfaces subject. The outline includes the basic concepts and terminology, a review of current technologies and recent developments in the field, common architectures used for the design of IUI systems, and finally the IUI applications. Intelligent user interfaces (IUIs) are attempting to address human-computer connection issues by offering innovative communication approaches and by listening to the user. Virtual reality is also an emerging IUI area that can be the popular interface of the future by integrating the technology into the environment so that at the same time it can be more real and invisible. The ultimate computer interface is more like interacting with the computer in a dialog, an interactive environment of virtual reality in which you can communicate. This chapter also explores a methodology for the design of situation-aware frameworks for the user interface that utilizes user and context inputs to provide details customized to the activities of the user in particular circumstances. In order to comply to the new situation, the user interface will reconfigure itself automatically. Adjusting the user interface to the actual situation and providing a reusable list of tasks in a given situation decreases operator memory loads. The challenge of pulling together the details needed by situation-aware decision support systems in a way that minimizes cognitive workload is not addressed by current user interface design.

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