The Boat People of Vietnam. Rescue on the South China Sea

1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
T. J. Hayes ◽  
D. Thomas ◽  
E. P. Dewar
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Boat People ◽  
Political Refugees ◽  
Large Numbers

AbstractPoor economic conditions in Vietnam have encouraged large numbers of people seeking a better life in the West to join the flow of political refugees leaving the country as “boat people”. We report the events surrounding one such group of people who were rescued from the South China Sea by the Outback 88 Task Group.

West Sea Special Zone between South Korea and North Korea

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-37
Author(s):  
Seokwoo Lee ◽  
Leonardo Bernard
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Maritime Boundary ◽  
Maritime Disputes ◽  
Special Zone

States currently involved in maritime disputes in the South China Sea can learn from the experience of the Koreas in creating a framework for the “Special Peace and Cooperation Zone in the West Sea.” Like the nll, the maritime boundary issues in the South China Sea are unlikely to be resolved in the near future by direct negotiations. Formal adjudication, while a possibility, is probably unlikely. Clearly, war will benefit no one. Thus, the most viable alternative may be to pursue joint economic projects, similar to the West Sea Special Zone that will grant each party economic benefits while building confidence and reducing tension in the region.

scholarly journals KONDISI OSEANOGRAFI DI SELAT MATAK KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN ANAMBAS MELALUI MODEL HIDRODINAMIKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Riyadi ◽  
Nusa Idaman Said ◽  
Matih Santos
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
South China ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
China Sea

This paper describes some of the general condition of the oceanographic parameters in the Strait Matak, Anambas Archipelago. The data flow is obtained by direct measurement by using a current meter types RCM-7. Simulation models using Mike 21. Mike flow pattern is divided into two seasons, namely west season (January) and the east season (August) and flow patterns ahead of the tide when the season is generally moving west to wards the south, it demonstrates the role of strong tidal influence the movement of waterin the study area. Flow velocity in the strait just before the tide on the west season reaches 1m/s.  Flow patterns at high tide on the west season looks still moving toward sthe south. The maximum flow velocity in the strait when the tide reaches 0.32 m/s, while the average speed in the area of the model is 0.12 m/s. Low tide towards the current pattern is still moving towards the south, it reinforces the notion that in addition to tidal windsare also very significant role in moving the flow, in this case that the current is moving toward the south. Flow velocity just before low tide reaches 0.85 m/s. Flow patterns at low tide shows the differences in the three previous conditions, the current in the strait to move out to the north toward the South China Sea. In condition slow tide, the tida lmore dominantly than the wind, this proved to even though the wind toward the south, the currents inthestraitis moving toward snorth along the tidal flow leading to the South China Sea. Flow velocity is quite varied location of modeling; flow velocity at low tide reaches 0.5m/s, with the average 0.15 m/s. Keywords: current and direction, wind, tide, model.

Different roles of Ekman pumping in the west and east segments of the South China Sea Warm Current

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Yinxia Wang ◽  
Hong Bo ◽  
Weidong Zhou ◽  
Dongxiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Ekman Pumping ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Warm Current ◽  
China Sea

scholarly journals Methane Source and Turnover in the Shallow Sediments to the West of Haima Cold Seeps on the Northwestern Slope of the South China Sea

Geofluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxi Feng ◽  
Shengxiong Yang ◽  
Hongbin Wang ◽  
Jinqiang Liang ◽  
Yunxin Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Methane Flux ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Methane Fluxes

The Haima cold seeps are active cold seep areas that were recently discovered on the northwestern slope of the South China Sea (SCS). Three piston cores (CL30, CL44, and CL47) were collected within an area characterized by bottom simulating reflectors to the west of Haima cold seeps. Porewater profiles of the three cores exhibit typical kink-type feature, which is attributed to elevated methane flux (CL30) and bubble irrigation (CL44 and CL47). By simulating the porewater profiles of SO42-, CH4, PO43-, Ca2+, Mg2+, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in CL44 and CL47 using a steady-state reaction-transport model, we estimated that the dissolved SO42- was predominantly consumed by anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) at rates of 74.3 mmol m−2 yr−1 in CL44 and 85.0 mmol m−2 yr−1 in CL47. The relatively high AOM rates were sustained by free gas dissolution rather than local methanogenesis. Based on the diffusive Ba2+ fluxes and the excess barium contents in the sediments slightly above the current SMTZ, we estimated that methane fluxes at core CL44 and CL47 have persisted for ca. 3 kyr and 0.8-1.6 kyr, respectively. The non-steady-state modeling for CL30 predicted that a recent increase in upward dissolved methane flux was initiated ca. 85 yr ago. However, the required time for the formation of the barium front above the SMTZ at this core is much longer (ca. 2.2-4.2 kyr), which suggests that the depth of SMTZ possibly has fluctuated due to episodic changes in methane flux. Furthermore, using the model-derived fractions of different DIC sources and the δ13CDIC mass balance calculation, we estimated that the δ13C values of the external methane in cores CL30, CL44, and CL47 are -74.1‰, -75.4‰, and -66.7‰, respectively, indicating the microbial origin of methane. Our results suggest that methane seepage in the broader area surrounding the Haima cold seeps probably has persisted at least hundreds to thousands of years with changing methane fluxes.

Recent brachiopods from the South China Sea, NW Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4306 (2) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA ALEKSANDRA BITNER ◽  
MARCO ROMANIN
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Recent Brachiopods ◽  
First Time

Three articulated brachiopod species have been recognized in material collected during the 2014 French-Taiwanese cruise DongSha to the South China Sea, NW Pacific: Terebratulina japonica (Sowerby, 1846), Macandrevia sp. and Nipponithyris afra Cooper, 1973. Nipponithyris afra is noted for the first time from the Northern Hemisphere and the genus Macandrevia is reported for the first time from the West Pacific. All species are reported for the first time from the South China Sea, extending their biogeographical range. 

scholarly journals MARITIME TREASURES OFF THE MALAY PENINSULA

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Keat Gin Ooi
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
China Sea ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Straits Of Malacca

<p>The Malay Peninsula –or what is present day West/Peninsular Malaysia – shores are flanked on either side by the South China Sea on the east and the Straits of Malacca (Melaka) on the west, both essentially important sea-borne passages between the East and the West. By the first millennium BCE and the early part of the first millennium CE the Malay Peninsula possessed trading sites on the lower reaches of rivers and along the coasts. Complementing the peninsula’s strategic location was the seasonal monsoonal pattern that facilitated the comings and goings of merchant fleets enabling long-distant seaborne trade to develop. The peninsula acted as a ‘connector’ for the confluence of traders from East Asia to interact with counterparts from South and West Asia and within Southeast Asia. The Straits of Malacca was a pivotal passage of the Maritime Silk Route. A multitude of natural elements and man-made disasters (warfare in particular) resulted in shipwrecks in the Straits and the South China Sea. This paper shall revisit the beginnings of maritime archaeology in Malaysia, ascertain the players and the contemporary playing field, the benefits of this endeavour, look towards its developments, and envisage its future directions. </p>

A new mud shrimp species of Calastacus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea) from the South China Sea

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2088 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMOYUKI KOMAI ◽  
FENG-JIAU LIN ◽  
TIN-YAM CHAN
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Shrimp Species ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Mud Shrimp

A new mud shrimp species of the deepwater calocaridid genus Calastacus Faxon, 1893, C. inflatus, is described on the basis of a single specimen from the South China Sea off the Pratas Islands. It is unique in the genus in having a faint cervical groove on the carapace, lacking spiniform projection at the dorsolateral distal angle of the second segment of the antennal peduncle, the possession of only one spine on the ventral margin of the merus of the cheliped, and the unarmed suture on the uropodal exopod. With the addition of the present new species, two species of the genus are now known from the West Pacific.

Assimilation of aircraft observations in the South China Sea to improve forecasts of tropical cyclones

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Aircraft Observations

&lt;p&gt;High frequency (20 Hz) aircraft observations from the Government Flying Service of the Hong Kong Government, penetrating a tropical cyclone (TC) at low altitude over the South China Sea had an extremely inhomogeneous distribution. Today the remoting observations have been widely used, but our work demonstrates aircraft observations still play an important role in TCs forecasts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To investigate an effective scheme for assimilating inhomogeneous aircraft observations, a multigrid 3D variation (m3DVAR) system, with the assistance of a bogus vortex, was employed. Track and intensity forecasts were improved by assimilating aircraft observations and bogus data. The assimilation of pressure (horizontal wind) was also found mainly to contribute to the large magnitude (sophisticated distribution) of increments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These aircraft observations were also thinned by arithmetic means over different time intervals to identify structures of tropical cyclone at different scales. It is found that the thinning process can reduce serial correlation in observational errors and enhance the representation of aircraft observations. The changes in dynamic structures indicate that the imbalance generated from assimilating aircraft observations at the sub-grid scale can be alleviated by using longer time intervals of the arithmetic mean. Assimilating aircraft observations at the grid scale achieves optimal forecasts based on verifications against independent observations and investigations of environmental and ventilation flows.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In fact, the west Pacific had access to aircraft observations but these observations stopped in 1987. We hope we can call attentions of governors and scientists to reboot in situ observations on aircraft platform in the west Pacific by disseminating our results. This can be a significant benefit to improving the regional real-time forecasts and understanding the climate variabilities of TCs. We already had two publications related to the assimilation of aircraft observations (Gao et al., 2019; Gao et al., 2019).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gao, Y, Xiao, H, Chan, PW, Hon, Kai kwong, Wan, Q, Ding, W. Application of the multigrid 3D variation method to a combination of aircraft observations and bogus data for Typhoon Nida (2016). Meteorol Appl. 2019; 26: 312&amp;#8211; 323. https://doi.org/10.1002/met.1764.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gao, Y.; Xiao, H.; Jiang, D.; Wan, Q.; Chan, P.W.; Hon, K.K.; Deng, G. Impacts of Thinning Aircraft Observations on Data Assimilation and Its Prediction during Typhoon Nida (2016). Atmosphere 2019, 10, 754. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120754.&lt;/p&gt;

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