Some doubts about in vitro eugenics as a human enhancement technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 732-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Enhancement Technology

scholarly journals The Ethics of Genetic Cognitive Enhancement: Gene Editing or Embryo Selection?

Philosophies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Marcelo de Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Cognitive Enhancement ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Embryo Selection ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Human Genomics ◽  
Enhancement Technologies

Recent research with human embryos, in different parts of the world, has sparked a new debate on the ethics of genetic human enhancement. This debate, however, has mainly focused on gene-editing technologies, especially CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats). Less attention has been given to the prospect of pursuing genetic human enhancement by means of IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation) in conjunction with in vitro gametogenesis, genome-wide association studies, and embryo selection. This article examines the different ethical implications of the quest for cognitive enhancement by means of gene-editing on the one hand, and embryo selection on the other. The article focuses on the ethics of cognitive enhancement by means of embryo selection, as this technology is more likely to become commercially available before cognitive enhancement by means of gene-editing. This article argues that the philosophical debate on the ethics of enhancement should take into consideration public attitudes to research on human genomics and human enhancement technologies. The article discusses, then, some of the recent findings of the SIENNA Project, which in 2019 conducted a survey on public attitudes to human genomics and human enhancement technologies in 11 countries (France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Brazil, South Africa, South Korea, and United States).

scholarly journals 儒家為什麼反對超人類主義？

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Qianqian YANG
Keyword(s):  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Confucian Ethics ◽  
Reasonable Expectation ◽  
Enhancement Technology ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Heaven And Man

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. The concept of human enhancement is a key to understanding transhumanism. According to Confucian ethics, the supervision of human enhancement technology is vital because we are facing the reasonable expectation of achieving “the unity of heaven and man.” (The idea of harmony between man and nature is not exclusive to Confucianism; it can be found in other schools of thought in the pre-Qin dynasty period, especially the philosophy of Taoism. However, the idea is uniquely expressed and developed in Confucianism.) Furthermore, human enhancement makes people unable to “settle in their place.” Therefore, Confucianism cannot accept it.

Religious People Are Against Scientific Technology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Howard Ecklund ◽  
Christopher P. Scheitle
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Hesc Research

There is a myth that religious people do not like technology, whether it is the Internet, social media, or medical technologies. In fact, religious people’s concerns with many technologies mirror those of nonreligious people. As for social media, for instance, religious people fear what these technologies can do to relationships. And yet religious people support these technologies for the ways they can grow, strengthen, and connect communities of faith. While religious people are not unique in their concerns about many technologies, there are a few that concern religious people, in particular: reproductive genetic technologies (RGTs), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and human embryonic stem-cell (hESC) research. Biomedical technologies, specifically those related to “human enhancement,” tend to intersect directly with faith and can cause tension with religious groups. In other words, people of faith have theological concerns about these technologies because they seem to have implications for who God is and who human beings are and what it means to have a good life.

Mapping Human Enhancement Rhetoric

2019 ◽  
pp. 1822-1845
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Enhancement Technology ◽  
Complex Mapping ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Technology Users ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Enhancement Technologies

This chapter raises ethical questions about the relationship between HET and the discourse of human enhancement technologies. Specifically, it explores some problems in mapping human enhancement rhetoric. In the first section, human enhancement rhetoric is defined. Questions are raised about the rhetorical act of re-defining “human enhancement” as a problem of self-descriptive narrative and performance measurement. In section two, various approaches and terms for mapping are presented as a way of underscoring the slippery qualities of human enhancement as a dynamic, expanding discourse. Section three explains the changing ethical positions for enhancement technology users through the concepts of “over claim,” “reacting to technology,” and “ethos.” In section four, boundary changes for HET users are discussed as a complex mapping of shifting concepts, discourse, and communities. In conclusion, the transition from human enhancement to transhuman enhancement is emphasized with suggestions for future research.

Mapping Human Enhancement Rhetoric

2014 ◽  
pp. 30-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Enhancement Technology ◽  
Complex Mapping ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Technology Users ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Enhancement Technologies

This chapter raises ethical questions about the relationship between HET and the discourse of human enhancement technologies. Specifically, it explores some problems in mapping human enhancement rhetoric. In the first section, human enhancement rhetoric is defined. Questions are raised about the rhetorical act of re-defining “human enhancement” as a problem of self-descriptive narrative and performance measurement. In section two, various approaches and terms for mapping are presented as a way of underscoring the slippery qualities of human enhancement as a dynamic, expanding discourse. Section three explains the changing ethical positions for enhancement technology users through the concepts of “over claim,” “reacting to technology,” and “ethos.” In section four, boundary changes for HET users are discussed as a complex mapping of shifting concepts, discourse, and communities. In conclusion, the transition from human enhancement to transhuman enhancement is emphasized with suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Reviving critical thinking and sense of ethics and humanity through “Exploring Human Enhancement Technology”

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Wika Hartanti ◽  
Nurazid Mahardinata ◽  
Soenarto Sastrowijoto
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Module Design ◽  
Enhancement Technology ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Further Development

Background The advancement of human enhancement technology (HET) has raised concerns among bioethicist due to its potential to undermine human nature. The existence and application of this technology in medical practice is inevitable facts which shifted medical practice. Medical education institutions have no choice except to prepare and equip future doctors with moral and ethical capacity to deal with this challenge, hence the development of this HET module.ObjectiveOur study aimed to explore students’ perspectives and acceptance of the HET module.MethodWe asked students to write daily commentaries expressing their perspectives and acceptance throughout the module. Content analysis was performed on these textual data based on three main issues: (1) opinions on the module design (contents and methods); (2) reflections on overall learning experiences; and (3) applicability of the knowledge and skills. We analysed students’ grade to confirm achievements of learning objectives and effectivity of the module.Results A total of 78 medical students self-enrolled into this elective module in 2015 and 2016, and wrote daily commentaries posted online. Most students thought that the teaching methods were stimulating critical thinking, encouraging open-safe discussion, and sensitizing students to humanity issues. Topics related to ethics, humanities, and social sciences discussed were perceived as interesting and provided new perspectives. In overall reflection, students felt for the 1sttime in medical school they had an enjoyable yet life-changing learning experience through this module. Students were inspired to use the knowledge and skills gained from this module to be better doctors, deliver comprehensive patient care, and contribute more to humanity. The LOs were well achieved as indicated with the students’ understanding of the HET concept and discourses, and their ability to show critical analysis, build and present logical-ethical arguments, and suggest a recommendation for better HET application in their group as well as individual works.ConclusionThe module was delivered effectively and well accepted by the students. Most importantly, the module had successfully engaged students in various personalized form and influenced students’ positive transformation regarding personal, academic and professional commitments. The module showed potentials for further development and implementation as part of the mandatory medical curriculum. 

scholarly journals 態度、原則與方法：儒家對後人類未來監管可能的貢獻

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Xinli PAN
Keyword(s):  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Enhancement Technology

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. Human beings are facing problems entailed by the development and application of human enhancement technology. Confucianism and transhumanism respond to these problems in fundamentally different ways. Confucianism calls for a “careful attitude”, makes use of an “adaptable method”, and bases on the principle that technology is a tool for human continuity and development. Such an attitude, principle and method may represent the contribution of Confucianism to our supervision of Posthuman future.

scholarly journals “超人類主義”是主體形而上學的新形式

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Xianming SHI
Keyword(s):  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Enhancement Technology ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
Heaven And Man

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. Transhumanism is a contemporary form of Western “subject metaphysics” that combines the dual elements of Cartesianism and Nietzsche's “metaphysics of will.” The essence of Eros is the human desire for totality, which is interlinked with the secret desire for today's “human enhancement” technology. The Confucian idea of “the unity of heaven and man”（天人合一）can solve many problems in the debate between biological conservatism and bioprogressivism. The ideological foundation of this idea in Laozi's and Zhuangzi's thought should be taken seriously. Recognition of human limitations is an important aspect of traditional Confucian—Taoist wisdom, but human enhancement technology is in essence a tool for “excessive reduction”.

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