scholarly journals 儒家為什麼反對超人類主義?

Author(s):  
Qianqian YANG

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. The concept of human enhancement is a key to understanding transhumanism. According to Confucian ethics, the supervision of human enhancement technology is vital because we are facing the reasonable expectation of achieving “the unity of heaven and man.” (The idea of harmony between man and nature is not exclusive to Confucianism; it can be found in other schools of thought in the pre-Qin dynasty period, especially the philosophy of Taoism. However, the idea is uniquely expressed and developed in Confucianism.) Furthermore, human enhancement makes people unable to “settle in their place.” Therefore, Confucianism cannot accept it.

Author(s):  
Xianming SHI

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. Transhumanism is a contemporary form of Western “subject metaphysics” that combines the dual elements of Cartesianism and Nietzsche's “metaphysics of will.” The essence of Eros is the human desire for totality, which is interlinked with the secret desire for today's “human enhancement” technology. The Confucian idea of “the unity of heaven and man”(天人合一)can solve many problems in the debate between biological conservatism and bioprogressivism. The ideological foundation of this idea in Laozi's and Zhuangzi's thought should be taken seriously. Recognition of human limitations is an important aspect of traditional Confucian—Taoist wisdom, but human enhancement technology is in essence a tool for “excessive reduction”.


2019 ◽  
pp. 1822-1845
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Thayer

This chapter raises ethical questions about the relationship between HET and the discourse of human enhancement technologies. Specifically, it explores some problems in mapping human enhancement rhetoric. In the first section, human enhancement rhetoric is defined. Questions are raised about the rhetorical act of re-defining “human enhancement” as a problem of self-descriptive narrative and performance measurement. In section two, various approaches and terms for mapping are presented as a way of underscoring the slippery qualities of human enhancement as a dynamic, expanding discourse. Section three explains the changing ethical positions for enhancement technology users through the concepts of “over claim,” “reacting to technology,” and “ethos.” In section four, boundary changes for HET users are discussed as a complex mapping of shifting concepts, discourse, and communities. In conclusion, the transition from human enhancement to transhuman enhancement is emphasized with suggestions for future research.


Author(s):  
Kevin A. Thayer

This chapter raises ethical questions about the relationship between HET and the discourse of human enhancement technologies. Specifically, it explores some problems in mapping human enhancement rhetoric. In the first section, human enhancement rhetoric is defined. Questions are raised about the rhetorical act of re-defining “human enhancement” as a problem of self-descriptive narrative and performance measurement. In section two, various approaches and terms for mapping are presented as a way of underscoring the slippery qualities of human enhancement as a dynamic, expanding discourse. Section three explains the changing ethical positions for enhancement technology users through the concepts of “over claim,” “reacting to technology,” and “ethos.” In section four, boundary changes for HET users are discussed as a complex mapping of shifting concepts, discourse, and communities. In conclusion, the transition from human enhancement to transhuman enhancement is emphasized with suggestions for future research.


Leonardo ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172
Author(s):  
Li Yanzu

Originating from human thinking on the relation between man and nature, the ecological design outlook is a new concept that arose in recent years with great significance for the sustainable development of design. In fact, the same concept has always been running through Chinese classical design notions. From the ages when the principle that “in compliance with the rules under heaven, things are created for human use” dominated design notions, to the rise and prevalence of the later principle of “following natural rules of heaven”, ancient Chinese had always dealt prudently with the relations among human, nature and zao wu (creation), which benefits the contemporary ecological design.


Author(s):  
Wika Hartanti ◽  
Nurazid Mahardinata ◽  
Soenarto Sastrowijoto

Background The advancement of human enhancement technology (HET) has raised concerns among bioethicist due to its potential to undermine human nature. The existence and application of this technology in medical practice is inevitable facts which shifted medical practice. Medical education institutions have no choice except to prepare and equip future doctors with moral and ethical capacity to deal with this challenge, hence the development of this HET module.ObjectiveOur study aimed to explore students’ perspectives and acceptance of the HET module.MethodWe asked students to write daily commentaries expressing their perspectives and acceptance throughout the module. Content analysis was performed on these textual data based on three main issues: (1) opinions on the module design (contents and methods); (2) reflections on overall learning experiences; and (3) applicability of the knowledge and skills. We analysed students’ grade to confirm achievements of learning objectives and effectivity of the module.Results A total of 78 medical students self-enrolled into this elective module in 2015 and 2016, and wrote daily commentaries posted online. Most students thought that the teaching methods were stimulating critical thinking, encouraging open-safe discussion, and sensitizing students to humanity issues. Topics related to ethics, humanities, and social sciences discussed were perceived as interesting and provided new perspectives. In overall reflection, students felt for the 1sttime in medical school they had an enjoyable yet life-changing learning experience through this module. Students were inspired to use the knowledge and skills gained from this module to be better doctors, deliver comprehensive patient care, and contribute more to humanity. The LOs were well achieved as indicated with the students’ understanding of the HET concept and discourses, and their ability to show critical analysis, build and present logical-ethical arguments, and suggest a recommendation for better HET application in their group as well as individual works.ConclusionThe module was delivered effectively and well accepted by the students. Most importantly, the module had successfully engaged students in various personalized form and influenced students’ positive transformation regarding personal, academic and professional commitments. The module showed potentials for further development and implementation as part of the mandatory medical curriculum. 


Author(s):  
Xinli PAN

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. Human beings are facing problems entailed by the development and application of human enhancement technology. Confucianism and transhumanism respond to these problems in fundamentally different ways. Confucianism calls for a “careful attitude”, makes use of an “adaptable method”, and bases on the principle that technology is a tool for human continuity and development. Such an attitude, principle and method may represent the contribution of Confucianism to our supervision of Posthuman future.


2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 906-909
Author(s):  
Dong Li ◽  
Zhong Hai Qiu

"Unity of Man and Nature" is one of the main thoughts in Chinese traditional culture. Its core significance is mainly manifested in the understanding of the relationship between heaven and man. Based on the longitudinal review and brief analysis of the thought of "Unity of Man and Nature" in "Zhouyi", the Confucian culture, Taoist culture and Buddhist culture, we attempt to mix the ecological ethics idea into the thought of "Unity of Man and Nature"; tries to make this traditional culture exude a new brilliance so that it can cope with the serious ecological crisis, and provide intellectual support and theoretical support for the protection of the ecological environment.


2014 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 880-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Hua Li

The nuclear contents of the ecological thought of ethics are harmonious development between man and nature, which is the basic demand for constructing the harmonious society. The Confucianists have all along attached great importance to the relations between man and nature. Tsunzi, a master on the Confucianism, made the conception of sustainable development penetrate into his ecological ethics thoughts on the basis of philosophical thinking of distinction between heaven and man. He not only put forward the consciousness of ethics practice-Adapting the law of heaven and making use of it.; but also advocate ecological moral responsibility-Prudently observing the ban on seasonal rules of nature.There will be some significant enlightening value for us to not only establish the theory of environmental ethics but also solve the increasing ecological crises facing humanity.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document