Predictors of malignant brain edema after mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 994-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianjun Huang ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Xiaolei Shi ◽  
Xiangjun Xu ◽  
Liang Ge ◽  
...  

BackgroundMalignant brain edema (MBE) is a devastating complication in ischemic stroke. Data on MBE in patients who have had mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are relatively scarce.ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence, predictors, and clinical outcomes of MBE in patients after MT.MethodsWe included 130 consecutive patients after MT caused by anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke, treated with MT. MBE was defined as a midline shift of ≥5 mm on the follow-up imaging within 72 hours after MT. Characteristics of patients at admission and details of treatment were collected. The 90-day modified Rankin scale score was used as a measure of functional outcomes.ResultsOf the 130 patients (age, 68.6±10.9 years; male, 50%), 35 (26.9%) patients developed MBE. The patients with MBE had a lower rate of functional independence (OR=7.831; 95% CI 1.731 to 35.427; p=0.008) and significantly higher mortality at 90 days (OR=7.958; 95% CI 2.274 to 27.848; p=0.001) than patients without MBE. In 104 (80%) patients with successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 2b–3), 24 (23.1%) patients exhibited MBE. After adjustment for confounding, ICA occlusion (OR=3.746; 95% CI 1.169 to 12.006; p=0.026) and worse collateral score (grade 1 vs grade 0: OR=0.727; 95% CI 0.192 to 2.753; p=0.638; grade 2 vs grade 0: OR=0.130; 95% CI 0.021 to 0.819; p=0.030) were significantly associated with the development of MBE, despite successful recanalization.ConclusionsMBE after MT is not uncommon and was related to poor functional outcomes. Localization of a vessel occlusion and collateral status may play a role in the development of MBE.

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 880-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Kaesmacher ◽  
Panagiotis Chaloulos-Iakovidis ◽  
Leonidas Panos ◽  
Pasquale Mordasini ◽  
Patrik Michel ◽  
...  

Background and Purpose— If anterior circulation large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke patients presenting with ASPECTS 0–5 (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score) should be treated with mechanical thrombectomy remains unclear. Purpose of this study was to report on the outcome of patients with ASPECTS 0–5 treated with mechanical thrombectomy and to provide data regarding the effect of successful reperfusion on clinical outcomes and safety measures in these patients. Methods— Multicenter, pooled analysis of 7 institutional prospective registries: Bernese-European Registry for Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated Outside Current Guidelines With Neurothrombectomy Devices Using the SOLITAIRE FR With the Intention for Thrombectomy (Clinical Trial Registration—URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT03496064). Primary outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale 0–3 at day 90 (favorable outcome). Secondary outcomes included rates of day 90 modified Rankin Scale 0–2 (functional independence), day 90 mortality and occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of successful reperfusion with clinical outcomes. Outputs are displayed as adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) and 95% CI. Results— Two hundred thirty-seven of 2046 patients included in this registry presented with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and ASPECTS 0–5. In this subgroup, the overall rates of favorable outcome and mortality at day 90 were 40.1% and 40.9%. Achieving successful reperfusion was independently associated with favorable outcome (aOR, 5.534; 95% CI, 2.363–12.961), functional independence (aOR, 5.583; 95% CI, 1.964–15.873), reduced mortality (aOR, 0.180; 95% CI, 0.083–0.390), and lower rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (aOR, 0.235; 95% CI, 0.062–0.887). The mortality-reducing effect remained in patients with ASPECTS 0–4 (aOR, 0.167; 95% CI, 0.056–0.499). Sensitivity analyses did not change the primary results. Conclusions— In patients presenting with ASPECTS 0–5, who were treated with mechanical thrombectomy, successful reperfusion was beneficial without increasing the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Although the results do not allow for general treatment recommendations, formal testing of mechanical thrombectomy versus best medical treatment in these patients in a randomized controlled trial is warranted.


Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Toth ◽  
Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez ◽  
Jenny P Tsai ◽  
Russell Cerejo ◽  
Sami Al Kasab ◽  
...  

Abstract BACKGROUND Prospective evidence to support mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for mild ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO) is lacking. There is uncertainty about using an invasive procedure in patients with mild symptoms. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and feasibility of MT in patients with mild symptoms and LVO. METHODS Our single-arm prospective pilot study recruited patients with LVO and initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) <6, who underwent standard MT. Primary safety endpoints were symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and/or worsening NIHSS by ≥4 points. Secondary endpoints included angiographic recanalization, NIHSS change, final infarct volume, and modified Rankin score (mRS). RESULTS We enrolled 20 patients (mean age 65.6 ± 12.3 yr; 45% females). Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia 2B/3 thrombectomy was achieved in 95%. No patients suffered sICH. One patient (5%) had neurologic worsening within 24 h because of underlying intracranial stenosis. No other complications or safety concerns were identified. Median NIHSS was significantly better at discharge (0.5, P = .007) and at last follow-up (0, P < .001) than before treatment (3). Mean post vs preintervention infarct volumes were small without significant difference (1.2 ml, P = .434). Most patients (85%) were discharged directly home. Excellent clinical outcome (mRS 0-1) at last follow-up was seen in 95% of patients. CONCLUSION This is one of the first specifically designed prospective studies showing that MT is safe and feasible in patients with low NIHSS and LVO. Chronic underlying vasculopathy may be a challenging dilemma. We observed excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes, but randomized controlled trials are needed to demonstrate the efficacy of MT in this unique cohort.


Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Blair ◽  
Cecilia Cappelen-Smith ◽  
Dennis Cordato ◽  
Leon Edwards ◽  
Amer Mitchelle ◽  
...  

Introduction: In patients with anterior circulation stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO), recent data suggest that successful reperfusion (mTICI≥2b) after a single device pass results in more favourable functional outcomes in comparison to patients requiring multiple passes. It is unclear if this effect represents an epiphenomenon or a true independent effect. Methods: A prospectively maintained database of EVT was interrogated for patients presenting with anterior circulation LVO with onset to groin puncture times of ≤ 6 hours from January 2016 to March 2019. Three-month functional outcomes were compared between first-pass reperfusion and multiple-pass reperfusion patients using logistic regression. Results: A total of 169 patients were identified (mean age 71 yrs, 44% female, median NIHSS 17, intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in 47%). Successful reperfusion (mTICI≥2b) was achieved with the first-pass (FP) in 80 patients (47%) and multiple-passes (MP) in 89 patients (53%). First pass patients had better outcomes when compared to MP patients (mRS 0-2 71% vs 31%, p < 0.001). No difference in functional outcomes was seen between FP patients who received IVT and those that did not (mRS 0-2 68% vs 75%, p = 0.459). Multiple-pass patients who received IVT achieved higher rates of functional independence than those who did not (mRS 0-2 40% vs 27%, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Intravenous thrombolysis may improve functional recovery in EVT patients requiring multiple-passes to achieve reperfusion. Prospective studies should be considered.


2021 ◽  
pp. 159101992110694
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Neki ◽  
Takehiro Katano ◽  
Takuma Maeda ◽  
Aoto Shibata ◽  
Hiroyuki Komine ◽  
...  

Background Achieving rapid and complete reperfusion is the ultimate purpose for ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Although mechanical thrombectomy (MT) had been a proverbially important procedure, medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) with thrombus migration can sporadically occur after MT. Moreover, the safe and effective approach for such had been unknown. We reported thrombolysis with intraarterial urokinase for MeVO with thrombus migration after MT. Methods We included 122 patients who were treated by MT with LVO stroke at our institution between April 2019 and March 2021. Of 26 patients (21.3%) who developed MeVO with thrombus migration after MT, 11 (9.0%) underwent additional MT (MT group) and 15 (12.3%) received intraarterial urokinase (UK group). The procedure time; angiographically modified Treatment in Cerebral Ischemia Scale (mTICI); functional independence, which was defined as modified Rankin Scale 0–2, on day 30 or upon discharge; and symptomatic and asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were compared between the UK and MT groups. Results The procedure time, mTICI, and asymptomatic ICH did not significantly differ between the groups. In the UK group, 8 of 15 (53.3%) patients obtained functional independence, and the functional independence rate was significantly higher in the UK group than in the MT group ( p < 0.05). Symptomatic ICH did not occur in the UK group, and its incidence was significantly smaller than that in the MT group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that intraarterial urokinase for MeVO with thrombus migration after MT may safely improve angiographic reperfusion.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256170
Author(s):  
Takanori Iwamoto ◽  
Takaya Kitano ◽  
Naoki Oyama ◽  
Yoshiki Yagita

Serum biomarkers are associated with hemorrhagic transformation and brain edema after cerebral infarction. However, whether serum biomarkers predict hemorrhagic transformation in large vessel occlusion stroke even after mechanical thrombectomy, which has become widely used, remains uncertain. In this prospective study, we enrolled patients with large vessel occlusion stroke in the anterior circulation. We analyzed 91 patients with serum samples obtained on admission. The levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), amyloid precursor protein (APP) 770, endothelin-1, S100B, and claudin-5 were measured. We examined the association between serum biomarkers and hemorrhagic transformation within one week. Fifty-four patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy, and 17 patients developed relevant hemorrhagic transformation (rHT, defined as hemorrhagic changes ≥ hemorrhagic infarction type 2). Neither MMP-9 (no rHT: 46 ± 48 vs. rHT: 15 ± 4 ng/mL, P = 0.30), APP770 (80 ± 31 vs. 85 ± 8 ng/mL, P = 0.53), endothelin-1 (7.0 ± 25.7 vs. 2.0 ± 2.1 pg/mL, P = 0.42), S100B (13 ± 42 vs. 12 ± 15 pg/mL, P = 0.97), nor claudin-5 (1.7 ± 2.3 vs. 1.9 ± 1.5 ng/mL, P = 0.68) levels on admission were associated with subsequent rHT. When limited to patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy, the level of claudin-5 was higher in patients with rHT than in those without (1.2 ± 1.0 vs. 2.1 ± 1.7 ng/mL, P = 0.0181). APP770 levels were marginally higher in patients with a midline shift ≥ 5 mm than in those without (79 ± 29 vs. 97 ± 41 ng/mL, P = 0.084). The predictive role of serum biomarkers has to be reexamined in the mechanical thrombectomy era because some previously reported serum biomarkers may not predict hemorrhagic transformation, whereas the level of APP770 may be useful for predicting brain edema.


2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ota ◽  
Yasuhiro Nishiyama ◽  
Satoshi Koizumi ◽  
Tomonari Saito ◽  
Masayuki Ueda ◽  
...  

Introduction Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke with acute large-vessel occlusion (ALVO) has established benefits, and rapid treatment is vital for mechanical thrombectomy in ALVO. Time from onset of stroke to groin puncture (OTP) is a practical and useful clinical marker, and OTP should be shortened to obtain the maximum benefit of thrombectomy. Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of early treatment of anterior circulation stroke within three hours after symptom onset and to evaluate the role of OTP in determining outcomes after endovascular therapy. Methods Consecutive patients with acute stroke due to major artery (internal carotid or middle cerebral arteries) occlusion who underwent endovascular recanalization between March 2014 and January 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were stratified by OTP into three categories: 0–≤3 h, >3–≤6 h, and >6 h. The primary outcome measure was a 90-day modified Rankin scale score of 0–2 (good outcome). Results Data were analyzed from 100 patients (mean age, 76.6 years; mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 17). Groin puncture occurred within 0–≤3 h in 51 patients, >3–≤6 h in 28, and >6 h in 21. Median OTP in each group was 126 min (range, 57–168 min), 238 min (range, 186–360 min) and 728 min (range, 365–1492 min), respectively. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, category of OTP represented an independent predictor of patient outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.93; p = 0.029). Conclusions OTP is a prehospital and in-hospital workflow-based indicator. In this single-center study, OTP was found to independently affect functional outcomes after endovascular stroke treatment.


Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012063
Author(s):  
Amrou Sarraj ◽  
James Grotta ◽  
Gregory W. Albers ◽  
Ameer E. Hassan ◽  
Spiros Blackburn ◽  
...  

Objective:To evaluate the comparative safety and efficacy of direct endovascular thrombectomy(dEVT) compared to bridging therapy(BT:IV-tPA+EVT) and assess if BT potential benefit relates to stroke severity, size and initial presentation to EVT vs. non-EVT center.Methods:In a prospective multicenter cohort-study of imaging selection for endovascular thrombectomy[SELECT], anterior-circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) patients presenting to EVT-capable centers within 4.5hours from last-known-well were stratified into BT vs. dEVT. The primary outcome was 90-day functional independence[modified Rankin Scale(mRS)=0-2]. Secondary outcomes included a shift across 90-day mRS grades, mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. We also performed subgroup-analyses according to initial presentation to EVT-capable center (direct versus transfer), stroke severity and baseline infarct core volume.Results:We identified 226 LVOs (54%:men, mean age:65.6±14.6years, median NIHSS-score: 17, 28% received dEVT). Median time from arrival to groin-puncture did not differ in BT-patients when presenting directly[dEVT:1.43 (IQR=1.13-1.90) hours vs. BT:1.58(IQR=1.27-2.02)hours,p=0.40] or transferred to EVT-capable centers[dEVT:1.17 (IQR: 0.90-1.48) hours vs. BT:1.27 (IQR: 0.97-1.87) hours,p=0.24]. BT was associated with higher odds of 90-day functional independence (57% vs. 44%,aOR=2.02,95%CI:1.01-4.03,p=0.046) and functional improvement (adjusted cOR=2.06,95%CI:1.18-3.60,p=0.011), and lower likelihood of 90-day mortality (11% vs. 23%,aOR: 0.20,95%CI:0.07-0.58,p=0.003). No differences in any other outcomes were detected. In subgroup-analyses, BT patients with baseline NIHSS-scores<15 had higher functional independence likelihood compared to dEVT (aOR=4.87,95%CI:1.56-15.18,p=0.006); this association was not evident for patients with NIHSS-scores≥15 (aOR=1.05,95%CI:0.40-2.74,p=0.92). Similarly, functional outcomes improvements with BT were detected in patients with core volume strata (Ischemic core <50cc: aOR: 2.10, 95% CI:1.02-4.33, p=0.044 vs ischemic core ≥50cc: aOR: 0.41,95% CI:0.01-16.02,p=0.64) and transfer status (transferred: aOR: 2.21,95% CI:0.93-9.65,p=0.29 vs direct to EVT center: aOR:1.84,95%CI:0.80-4.23,p=0.15).Conclusions:Bridging therapy appears to be associated with better clinical outcomes, especially with milder NIHSS-scores, smaller presentation core volumes and those who were “dripped and shipped”. We did not observe any potential benefit of bridging therapy in patients with more severe strokes.Classification of Evidence:This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with ischemic stroke from anterior-circulation LVO within 4.5 hours from last-known-well, bridging therapy compared to direct endovascular thrombectomy leads to better 90-day functional outcomes.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Lapergue ◽  
Julien Labreuche ◽  
Raphael Blanc ◽  
Xavier Barreau ◽  
Jérome Berge ◽  
...  

Rationale Mechanical thrombectomy with a stent retriever is now the standard of care in anterior circulation ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion. New techniques for mechanical thrombectomy, such as contact aspiration, appear promising to increase reperfusion status and improve clinical outcome. Aim We aim at ascertaining whether contact aspiration is more efficient than the stent retriever as a first-line endovascular procedure. Sample size estimates With a two-sided test (alpha = 5%, power = 90%) and an anticipated rate of spontaneous recanalization and catheterization failures of 15%, we estimate that a sample size of 380 patients will be necessary to detect an absolute difference of 15% in primary outcome (superiority design). Methods and design The ASTER trial is a prospective, randomized, multicenter, controlled, open-label, blinded end-point clinical trial. Patients admitted with suspected ischemic anterior circulation stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion, with onset of symptoms <6 h, will be randomly assigned to contact aspiration or stent retriever in a 1:1 ratio; stratified by center and prior IV thrombolysis. If the assigned treatment technique is not successful after three attempts, another technique will be applied, at the operator’s discretion. Study outcomes The primary outcome will be successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2b–3) at the end of the endovascular procedures. Secondary outcome will include successful recanalization after the assigned first-line treatment technique alone, procedural times, the need for a rescue technique, complications and modified Rankin Scale at three months. Discussion No previous head to head randomized trials have directly compared contact aspiration versus stent retriever reperfusion techniques. This prospective trial aims to provide further evidence of benefit of contact aspiration versus stent retriever techniques among patients with ischemic stroke.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifeng Liu ◽  
Hao Shen ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Huan Bao ◽  
Lian Zuo ◽  
...  

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO), presenting with mild symptoms.Methods: A prospective cohort study of patients with mild ischemic stroke and LVO was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups: MT group or best medical management (MM) group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to reduce the confounding bias between the groups. The primary outcome was functional independence at 90 days. The safety outcome was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent factors associated with outcomes.Results: Among the 105 included patients, 43 were in the MT group and 62 in the MM group. Forty-three pairs of patients were generated after PSM. There were no significant differences in sICH rates between two groups (p = 1.000). The MT group had a higher proportion of independent outcomes (83.7% MT vs. 67.4% MM; OR 2.483; 95% CI 0.886–6.959; p = 0.079) and excellent outcomes (76.7% MT vs. 51.2% MM; OR 3.150; 95% CI 1.247–7.954; p = 0.013) compared to the MM group, especially in patients with stroke of the anterior circulation (p &lt; 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that small infarct core volume (p = 0.015) and MT treatment (p = 0.013) were independently associated with excellent outcomes.Conclusions: Our results suggest that MT in stroke patients, presenting with mild symptoms, due to acute LVO in the anterior circulation may be associated with satisfactory clinical outcomes.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04526756.


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