scholarly journals Change in cardiovascular risk assessment tool and updated Norwegian guidelines for cardiovascular disease in primary prevention increase the population proportion at risk: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016

Open Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001777
Author(s):  
Amalie Nilsen ◽  
Tove Aminda Hanssen ◽  
Knut Tore Lappegård ◽  
Anne Elise Eggen ◽  
Maja-Lisa Løchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Population Proportion ◽  
Total Proportion

AimsTo compare the population proportion at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using the Norwegian NORRISK 1 that predicts 10-year risk of CVD mortality and the Norwegian national guidelines from 2009, with the updated NORRISK 2 that predicts 10-year risk of both fatal and non-fatal risk of CVD and the Norwegian national guidelines from 2017.MethodsWe included participants from the Norwegian population-based Tromsø Study (2015–2016) aged 40–69 years without a history of CVD (n=16 566). The total proportion eligible for intervention was identified by NORRISK 1 and the 2009 guidelines (serum total cholesterol ≥8 mmol/L, systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mm Hg) and NORRISK 2 and the 2017 guidelines (serum total cholesterol ≥7 mmol/L, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ≥5 mmol/L, systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mm Hg).ResultsThe total proportion at high risk as defined by a risk score was 12.0% using NORRISK 1 and 9.8% using NORRISK 2. When including single risk factors specified by the guidelines, the total proportion eligible for intervention was 15.5% using NORRISK 1 and the 2009 guidelines and 18.9% using NORRISK 2 and the 2017 guidelines. The lowered threshold for total cholesterol and specified cut-off for LDL cholesterol stand for a large proportion of the increase in population at risk.ConclusionThe population proportion eligible for intervention increased by 3.4 percentage points from 2009 to 2017 using the revised NORRISK 2 score and guidelines.

scholarly journals Anthropometric measures and biomarkers for cardiovascular disease risk factors: evidence from a study of Polish adults participating in the cardiovascular disease prevention program (CHUK)

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-441
Author(s):  
Kinga Michnik ◽  
Maciej Mularczyk ◽  
Marta Stępień-Słodkowska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Score Index

Abstract The Polish national program for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CHUK) uses the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) index which evaluates the upcoming risk of death from cardiovascular causes for a 10 year period, based on information such as age, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol levels, smoking and gender. The aim of this study was to determine health indicators in the population enrolled in the program and identify the relationships between the cardiovascular risk factors. The data was collected from 303 participating individuals; 172 women (aged 35 to 58 years) and 131 men (aged 31 to 60 years). The SCORE index showed a statistically significant positive relationship between CVD and the male gender. The higher frequency of 3–4% and 5–9% for SCORE index in men indicates that they were at a higher risk of cardiovascular incidents. The increased risk of a cardiovascular incidence in men was associated with a higher mean arm circumference, waist circumference, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting glucose. HDL cholesterol and heart rate were statistically significantly higher in women. Among the study subjects, the most common parameters above the normal range were elevated LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. The highest correlation with the SCORE index was observed for the age of the subjects, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, regardless of gender. The results showed that biochemical parameters and blood pressure were above normal values in almost all subjects. Men had significantly less favorable parameters compared to women of similar age range. According to the SCORE index, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol significantly increased the risk of cardiovascular incident regardless of gender. Women were characterized by a lower risk of cardiovascular incident according to the SCORE index.

Ten-year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Amongst Workers in a Tertiary Healthcare Institution in Kuala Lumpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Norfazilah Ahmad ◽  
Santhna Letchmi Panduragan ◽  
Chong Hong Soon ◽  
Kalaiarasan Gemini ◽  
Yee San Khor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare

  Strategising, which is an effective workplace intervention to curb cardiovascular disease (CVD), requires understanding of the CVD risk related to a specific working population. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) is widely used in predicting the ten-year CVD risk of various working populations. This study aimed to use FRS to determine the ten-year CVD risk amongst workers in a tertiary healthcare setting and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on workers who participated in the special health check programme at the staff clinic of a tertiary healthcare institution in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A set of data sheets was used to retrieve the workers’ sociodemographic and CVD risk information. The prevalence of high, moderate and low ten-year CVD risk was 12.8%, 20.0% and 67.2%, respectively. Workers in the high-risk group were older [mean age: 54.81 (standard deviation, 5.72) years], male (44%), smokers (72.7%) and having hyperglycaemia (46.7%) and hypertriglyceridemia [median triglycerides: 1.75 (interquartile range, 1.45) mmol/L]. Diastolic blood pressure (aOR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01,1.14), hyperglycaemia (aOR 8.80, 95% CI: 1.92,40.36) and hypertriglyceridemia (aOR 4.45, 95% CI: 1.78,11.09) were significantly associated with high ten-year CVD risk. Diastolic blood pressure (aOR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03,1.13) and hypertriglyceridemia (aOR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.12-5.61) were significantly associated with moderate ten-year CVD risk. The prevalence of high and moderate ten-year CVD risk was relatively high. Amongst the workers in the high-risk group, they were older, male, smokers and with high fasting blood sugar and triglyceride. Understanding the ten-year CVD risk and its associated factors could be used to plan periodic workplace health assessment and monitor to prevent CVD.

scholarly journals Clinical disparity of oxidative stress with blood pressure

2019 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Elsa Mathew ◽  
J.K. Mukkadan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in India and worldwide. Hypertension is a major public health problem because of its high frequency and concomitant risk of cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and stroke. World Health Organization named it a Silent killer as hypertension is asymptomatic during its clinical course. Experimental evidence supports a role for oxidative stress in vascular injury and hypertension. This study was undertaken, to compare the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and super-oxide dismutase (SOD) among normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 34 normotensives, 44 prehypertensive and 45 hypertensive subjects were included. The participants were subjected to selection protocol consisting of physical examination and biochemical analysis. All subjects underwent blood pressure measurement, total cholesterol, and oxidative stress marker estimation, especially SOD and MDA. The comparison of parameters between the group was carried out using One Way ANOVA. The correlation between the parameter was analyzed by Karl Pearson Correlation Coefficient using SPSS 20.0. Result : The MDA (nmol/ml) in normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive patients was 2.55±0.072, 3.43±0.44 and 4.01±0.37 respectively. SOD (U/ml) level in normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive patients was 13.47±1.96, 11.57±0.81, and 8.52±1.78 respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure had a negative correlation with SOD. MDA levels show a positive correlation with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Total cholesterol had no significant with SOD and MDA. Conclusion: The present study showed a strong association of oxidative stress with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Abstract P241: Culinary Herbs and Spices and the Effects on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savannah E Maxwell ◽  
Kacie M Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Culinary Herbs ◽  
Herbs And Spices

Introduction: There is growing attention toward the role of culinary herbs and spices in improving heart health. Bioactive compounds of culinary herbs and spices have been found to exert potential health benefits in people at risk of CVD, but no recent review has been conducted to evaluate the types of herbs and spices and their effects in this population. Objectives: The purpose of the review was to evaluate the effects of culinary herbs and spices on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in adults with risk factors for CVD. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using six electronic databases, including Medline (Ovid), Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial and Web of Science in February 2017. Studies including subjects who had associated non-modifiable risk factors (older people >70 y, menopausal women), cardiovascular disease or an associated cardiovascular event (stroke or heart attack) and associated liver or kidney complications or disease, were excluded from the review. Seventeen studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was used to assess bias of the included studies. Results: Twelve randomized controlled trials, 2 randomized trials, 1 non-randomized trial, 1 randomized crossover trial and 1 single-arm met inclusion criteria. In patients with Type 2 diabetes, Cinnamon at 1-1.5g/d and dichrostahys glomerata (DG), at 0.8g/d showed significant decreases in fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and LDC-cholesterol and HbA1c and cinnamon showed increased HDL-C while DG showed significant decrease in total cholesterol. Fenugreek at 10g/d doses resulted in significant reductions in fasting glucose and total cholesterol. Nigella satvia (NS) at doses of 1-3g/d showed significant reductions in triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and increases in HDL-cholesterol. Ginger at 1-2g/d doses significantly reduced fasting glucose, triglycerides, MDA, Apo B and increase Apo A-1. In obese subjects DG and ginger resulted in significant decreases in TG and DG significantly reduced systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol. In subjects with hyperlipidaemia and hypercholesterolemia garlic at 5g/d and 20g/d doses resulted in significant decrease in TG, cholesterol and increases in HDL-C and 20g/d doses resulted in significant reductions in FBG. Conclusion: The evidence does suggest that the use of culinary herbs and spices may have beneficial effects on risk factors for CVD. Due to the presence of bias of studies there is insufficient evidence to conclude that culinary herbs and spices have significant benefits on biomarkers for CVD and that higher quality studies are needed in future research.

Intra- and Interindividual Variability of Hemostatic Factors and Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Three-year Follow-up

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (05) ◽  
pp. 969-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veikko Salomaa ◽  
Vesa Rasi ◽  
Jari Stengård ◽  
Elina Vahtera ◽  
Juha Pekkanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Hemostatic Factors

SummaryElucidation of the key role of thrombosis in cardiovascular disease events has arisen considerable interest in hemostatic factors and in the repeatability of their determinations. Data on long-term repeatability has, however, remained scanty. We examined twice 208 men and 265 women in North Karelia, eastern Finland. The baseline examination was a part of the FINRISK 1992 Hemostasis Study and the age-range of participants was between 45-64 years. The re-examination took place three years later in 1995. Both surveys followed the same protocol and were carried out during the same season. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between 1992 and 1995 measurements of fibrinogen, factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C), factor VII antigen (FVII:Ag), and plasminogen were among men 0.72, 0.77, 0.46 and 0.56, respectively. For total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure the corresponding coefficients were 0.74, 0.83, 0.66, and 0.54. In women, the coefficient of fibrinogen was lower than in men, 0.62, otherwise the results were similar. Of men belonging to the highest quarter of fibrinogen, FVII:C, FVII:Ag and plasminogen in 1992, 65%, 60%, 53% and 60% belonged to the highest quarter of respective distributions also in 1995. In women, the corresponding proportions were 64%, 65%, 46% and 58%. The modest repeatability of FVII:Ag and plasminogen was mainly due to the high intraindividual variability. However, in comparisons of plasma levels between two groups, relatively small sample sizes seemed to give adequate statistical power to detect possible differences in FVII:Ag and plasminogen. In conclusion, the long-term repeatability of fibrinogen and FVII:C is similar to that of triglycerides and even better than that of diastolic blood pressure, but somewhat lower than the repeatability of total cholesterol. FVII:Ag and plasminogen did not have very good repeatability and more than one measurement of them should be considered if they are used as predictors of cardiovascular disease in prospective studies.

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