Syphilis associated with recreational drug use, depression and high-risk sexual behaviour in men who have sex with men: a case–control study in China

ObjectiveWe investigated syphilis prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China, as well as potential risk factors. Our principal hypothesis was that syphilis would be associated with the use of recreational drugs such as methamphetamines.MethodsFrom April to October 2013, we used several methods to recruit MSM in Qingdao, collecting demographic/behavioural information via self-administrated questionnaires. Trained health workers collected blood for the Treponema pallidum particle assay (TPPA) with positives confirmed by a toluidine red unheated serum test. We used an unmatched case–control study to identify factors that might predict syphilis infection using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsWe recruited 447 MSM who agreed to participate and who completed syphilis testing. Of 71 (15.9%) syphilis-positive MSM, 44 (62.0%) used drugs. Of 376 (84.1%) syphilis-negative MSM, 186 (49.5%) used drugs. We found a positive association with syphilis for any recreational drug use (crude OR (cOR) 1.7, 95 % CI 1.0 to 2.8), frequent methamphetamine use (cOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.3) and multiple drug use (adjusted OR (aOR) 3.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 9.2). Syphilis-positive men were more likely to have a higher physical depression score (aOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 24.4), be > 30 years old (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 4.8), report a prior STI (aOR 4.1, 95% CI 2.3 to 7.3) and report a sex party experience (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.4).ConclusionsRecreational drug use, depression and high-risk sexual behaviours were associated with syphilis infection among MSM in China. Only a multifaceted approach is likely be effective in control of both syphilis and HIV .

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Non-opioid recreational drug use and a prolonged HIV outbreak among men who have sex with men in Taiwan: An incident case-control study, 2006–2015

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association ◽

10.1016/j.jfma.2021.03.015 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Chieh Lee ◽

Wen-Chun Liu ◽

Yuli Lily Hsieh ◽

Cheng-Hsin Wu ◽

Pei-Ying Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Recreational Drug ◽

Incident Case ◽

Recreational Drug Use ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Control Study

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Population-based case-control study of recreational drug use and testis cancer risk confirms an association between marijuana use and nonseminoma risk

Cancer ◽

10.1002/cncr.27879 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 119 (6) ◽

pp. 1284-1284

Author(s):

David M. Marcus ◽

Ashesh B. Jani ◽

Peter J. Rossi

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Marijuana Use ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Testis Cancer ◽

Recreational Drug ◽

Recreational Drug Use ◽

Control Study

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Population-based case-control study of recreational drug use and testis cancer risk confirms an association between marijuana use and nonseminoma risk

Cancer ◽

10.1002/cncr.27554 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 118 (21) ◽

pp. 5374-5383 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

John Charles A. Lacson ◽

Joshua D. Carroll ◽

Ellenie Tuazon ◽

Esteban J. Castelao ◽

Leslie Bernstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Marijuana Use ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Testis Cancer ◽

Recreational Drug ◽

Recreational Drug Use ◽

Control Study

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A Case-Control Study of Maternal Periconceptual and Pregnancy Recreational Drug Use and Fetal Malformation Using Hair Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0111038 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e111038 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anna L. David ◽

Andrew Holloway ◽

Louise Thomasson ◽

Argyro Syngelaki ◽

Kypros Nicolaides ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Hair Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Fetal Malformation ◽

Recreational Drug ◽

Recreational Drug Use ◽

Control Study

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Epidemiology of aplastic anemia in France: a case-control study. I. Medical history and medication use. The French Cooperative Group for Epidemiological Study of Aplastic Anemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v81.6.1471.bloodjournal8161471 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 81 (6) ◽

pp. 1471-1478

Author(s):

E Baumelou ◽

M Guiguet ◽

JY Mary

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Drug Use ◽

Aplastic Anemia ◽

Medical History ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Gold Salts ◽

Matched Design ◽

Control Study

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare, severe disease of mainly unknown origin. Numerous case history reports have incriminated drugs in the etiology of this disease. Because those reports were questionable, a case-control study was conducted in France between 1985 and 1988. Cases selected from the national register were eligible for inclusion when at least two blood lineages were depressed (hemoglobin < or = 10 g/100 mL and reticulocytes < or = 50 x 10(9)/L, granulocytes < or = 1.5 x 10(9)/L, platelets < or = 100 x 10(9)/L) and when the bone marrow biopsy was compatible with the disease. Using a standardized questionnaire, trained investigators interviewed one AA patient and two groups of controls (two hospitalized patients and one neighbor of the AA patient) matched for age, sex, and interviewer. One hundred forty- seven AA patients, 287 hospitalized controls, and 108 neighbors were interviewed. The occurrence of AA was analyzed by matched design with relation to medical history and drug use during the last 5 years, and specifically during the last year. Three times as many AA patients reported having suffered from clinical hepatitis during the last 6 months than either type of control. Similarly, a higher proportion of AA patients reported a history of chronic immune disorder, mainly rheumatoid arthritis (odds ratio of 6.8), and a previous use of gold salts and D-penicillamine in the 5 previous years (odds ratio of 4.9 for each drug). An excess of colchicine and allo/thiopurinol intake in the 5 previous years was observed among the AA patients (odds ratio equal to 4.1 and 3.6, respectively). These results for gold salts, D- penicillamine, and colchicine were confirmed when looking for drug use within the last year. A moderate risk was associated with acetaminophen or salicylate intake during the 5 previous years or during the last year (odds ratio between 1.8 and 2.0). The frequent use of salicylates within the last year was associated with a high risk of AA (odds ratio of 5.0). A high risk was also associated with indolic derivative intake but only when comparing AA patients to neighbor controls. No association could be evidenced with diclofenac intake, whatever the control group. Differences observed with recently published studies suggest that targeted studies on each category of drugs according to the treated pathologies should be initiated.

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Epidemiology of aplastic anemia in France: a case-control study. I. Medical history and medication use. The French Cooperative Group for Epidemiological Study of Aplastic Anemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v81.6.1471.1471 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 81 (6) ◽

pp. 1471-1478 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

E Baumelou ◽

M Guiguet ◽

JY Mary

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Drug Use ◽

Aplastic Anemia ◽

Medical History ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Gold Salts ◽

Matched Design ◽

Control Study

Abstract Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare, severe disease of mainly unknown origin. Numerous case history reports have incriminated drugs in the etiology of this disease. Because those reports were questionable, a case-control study was conducted in France between 1985 and 1988. Cases selected from the national register were eligible for inclusion when at least two blood lineages were depressed (hemoglobin < or = 10 g/100 mL and reticulocytes < or = 50 x 10(9)/L, granulocytes < or = 1.5 x 10(9)/L, platelets < or = 100 x 10(9)/L) and when the bone marrow biopsy was compatible with the disease. Using a standardized questionnaire, trained investigators interviewed one AA patient and two groups of controls (two hospitalized patients and one neighbor of the AA patient) matched for age, sex, and interviewer. One hundred forty- seven AA patients, 287 hospitalized controls, and 108 neighbors were interviewed. The occurrence of AA was analyzed by matched design with relation to medical history and drug use during the last 5 years, and specifically during the last year. Three times as many AA patients reported having suffered from clinical hepatitis during the last 6 months than either type of control. Similarly, a higher proportion of AA patients reported a history of chronic immune disorder, mainly rheumatoid arthritis (odds ratio of 6.8), and a previous use of gold salts and D-penicillamine in the 5 previous years (odds ratio of 4.9 for each drug). An excess of colchicine and allo/thiopurinol intake in the 5 previous years was observed among the AA patients (odds ratio equal to 4.1 and 3.6, respectively). These results for gold salts, D- penicillamine, and colchicine were confirmed when looking for drug use within the last year. A moderate risk was associated with acetaminophen or salicylate intake during the 5 previous years or during the last year (odds ratio between 1.8 and 2.0). The frequent use of salicylates within the last year was associated with a high risk of AA (odds ratio of 5.0). A high risk was also associated with indolic derivative intake but only when comparing AA patients to neighbor controls. No association could be evidenced with diclofenac intake, whatever the control group. Differences observed with recently published studies suggest that targeted studies on each category of drugs according to the treated pathologies should be initiated.

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Risk factors for syphilis infection in men who have sex with men: results of a case–control study in Lille, France

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2012-050523 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 128-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Karen Champenois ◽

Anthony Cousien ◽

Bakhao Ndiaye ◽

Yougoudou Soukouna ◽

Véronique Baclet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Syphilis Infection ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Control Study

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High-risk behaviors associated with transition from illicit non-injection to injection drug use among adolescent and young adult drug users: a case-control study

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/s0376-8716(01)00200-9 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 189-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

Crystal M. Fuller ◽

David Vlahov ◽

Danielle C. Ompad ◽

Nina Shah ◽

Amelia Arria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

High Risk ◽

Drug Use ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Drug Users ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

High Risk Behaviors ◽

Control Study

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673. Syphilis Outbreak in Women Who Have Sex with Men in Japan: A Case–Control Study in Tokyo, 2017–2018

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofy210.680 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S243-S243

Author(s):

Shingo Nishiki ◽

Yuzo Arima ◽

Takuya Yamagishi ◽

Takashi Hamada ◽

Takuri Takahashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Condom Use ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Sexual Practices ◽

Syphilis Infection ◽

The Past ◽

Commercial Exchange ◽

Case Status ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background In Japan, syphilis notifications have increased sharply, with Tokyo accounting for a third of all cases. Importantly, the increase in women has been remarkable, with the majority being women who have sex with men. We therefore conducted a prospective case–control study to evaluate correlates of recent syphilis infection among women in Tokyo. Methods We employed a test-negative design case–control study among women who sought a syphilis test at a women’s health clinic in Tokyo, comparing socioeconomic status, medical history, and recent sexual behaviors/partnerships, between those who were diagnosed with recent syphilis infection based on clinical signs and serological test results (cases) vs. those who were nonreactive for the nontreponemal test (controls). Participants aged ≥20 years and sexually active in the past 6 months were recruited from June 2017 to March 2018 and completed a self-administered questionnaire. We described cases and assessed for correlates of recent syphilis infection based on odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 524 women, composed of 60 cases and 464 controls, were enrolled. The median age was 23 years (range = 20–54) among cases and 26 years (range = 20–59) among controls. Of the 60 cases, 10 (17%) were current students and three (5%) had a history of syphilis; in the past 6 months, while 35 (58%) had engaged in commercial exchange of sexual practices, 14 (23%) had only one sex partner. Having lower educational attainment (OR = 4.1; 95% CI = 2.1–8.1), not being employed full-time (OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.8–5.5), and commercial exchange of sexual practices (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 2.0–5.9) were associated with case status in univariate analysis. The association between case status and inconsistent condom use (relative to consistent condom use) during vaginal/anal sex in the past 6 months (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 0.9–4.3) became stronger when restricted to women engaged in commercial exchange of sexual practices (OR = 4.0; 95% CI = 1.4–10.9). Conclusion This was the first study to evaluate potential risk factors for recent syphilis infection among women in Japan. In light of these findings, we may need a multi-pronged approach to prevent and control syphilis, for both those engaged in commercial exchange of sexual practices and the general population. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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