scholarly journals HIV and STI positivity rates among transgender people attending two large STI clinics in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054875
Author(s):  
Susanne Drückler ◽  
Ceranza Daans ◽  
Elske Hoornenborg ◽  
Henry De Vries ◽  
Martin den Heijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

BackgroundGlobal data show that transgender people (TGP) are disproportionally affected by HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs); however, data are scarce for Western European countries. We assessed gender identities, sexual behaviour, HIV prevalence and STI positivity rates, and compared these outcomes between TGP who reported sex work and those who did not.MethodsWe retrospectively retrieved data from all TGP who were tested at the STI clinics of Amsterdam and The Hague, the Netherlands in 2017–2018. To identify one’s gender identity, a ‘two-step’ methodology was used assessing, first, the assigned gender at birth (assigned male at birth (AMAB)) or assigned female at birth), and second, clients were asked to select one gender identity that currently applies: (1) transgender man/transgender woman, (2) man and woman, (3) neither man nor woman, (4) other and (5) not known yet. HIV prevalence, bacterial STI (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and/or infectious syphilis) positivity rates and sexual behaviour were studied using descriptive statistics.ResultsTGP reported all five categories of gender identities. In total 273 transgender people assigned male at birth (TGP-AMAB) (83.0%) and 56 transgender people assigned female at birth (TGP-AFAB) (17.0%) attended the STI clinics. Of TGP-AMAB, 14,6% (39/267, 95% CI 10.6% to 19.4%) were HIV-positive, including two new diagnoses and bacterial STI positivity was 15.0% (40/267, 95% CI 10.9% to 19.8%). Among TGP-AFAB, bacterial STI positivity was 5.6% (3/54, 95% CI 1.2% to 15.4%) and none were HIV-positive. Sex work in the past 6 months was reported by 53.3% (137/257, 95% CI 47.0% to 59.5%) of TGP-AMAB and 6.1% (3/49, 95% CI 1.3% to 16.9%) of TGP-AFAB. HIV prevalence did not differ between sex workers and non-sex workers.ConclusionOf all TGP, the majority were TGP-AMAB of whom more than half engaged in sex work. HIV prevalence and STI positivity rates were substantial among TGP-AMAB and much lower among TGP-AFAB. Studies should be performed to provide insight into whether the larger population of TGP-AMAB and TGP-AFAB are at risk of HIV and STI.

Demographic Change, Prostitution, and Sexually Transmitted Infection Rates in China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraham Ebenstein ◽  
Ethan J. Sharygin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of

China has experienced an explosion in the sex ratio at birth, with 25 million more men than women younger than 20 (2005 census). This chapter examines the implications of large numbers of men failing to marry on the supply-and-demand dynamics of sex work, with a focus on how this affects the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The chapter begins with a history of prostitution in China and describes the massive increase in sex work following economic reforms in the late 1970s. It then analyzes the current dynamics of demand and supply for sex work in China, using national census data and detailed microdata on sex workers. The authors find a clear link between high-population sex ratios, the prevalence of sex work, and STI rates. The analysis concludes with projections for the future and a discussion of policy responses in light of an anticipated increase in sex work.

Correlates of HIV prevalence among female sex workers in four north and east Indian states: findings of a national bio-behavioural survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjika Misra ◽  
Damodar Sahu ◽  
Umenthala S Reddy ◽  
Saritha Nair
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
East Indian ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Behavioural Surveillance

The socio-demographic, sex work characteristics and the factors affecting HIV prevalence among female sex workers (FSWs) are not well known in low prevalence states showing rising trends within the HIV epidemic. This paper studies these attributes among FSWs in three north (Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh) and one east Indian states (Jharkhand). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance (IBBS) data, collected from 4491 FSWs in the study states, were analysed, with HIV status as the dependent variable and several socio-demographic, sex work, knowledge and agency characteristics as independent variables. Multivariate analysis found a number of factors such as age above 25 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–18.1), client solicitation in rented rooms (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2–6.4) and the use of mobile phones for client solicitation (AOR 5.1, 95% CI 1.6–16.0) to be significantly associated with HIV risk. The study found low levels of HIV programme services uptake and HIV/AIDS knowledge among FSWs in the study states. There is an urgent need to focus on these risk factors for improving the effectiveness of the ongoing HIV prevention efforts and attaining the ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ goal of ‘Ending the AIDS epidemic’ by 2030.

Proximity to sex work sites is not associated with higher HIV prevalence in the general population in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariëlle Kloek ◽  
Caroline Bulstra ◽  
Sungai Chabata ◽  
Elizabeth Fearon ◽  
Isaac Taramusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
Survey Sample

Abstract In Zimbabwe, as in other East and Southern African countries, HIV prevalence is largely geographically heterogeneous. We determined if, and to what extent, this heterogeneity is associated with proximity to sex work sites by type of site (city, economic growth point, international, seasonal, or transport), using Demographic and Health Surveys location-specific HIV prevalence data—including 16,121 individuals (aged 15-49 years) from 400 sample locations—and Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research data on locations of 56 sex work sites throughout Zimbabwe. We conducted univariate and multivariate multilevel logistic regression to determine the association between sex work proximity—calculated as the shortest distance by road from each survey sample location to the nearest sex work site—and HIV seropositivity. We found no association between locations of sex work and heterogeneity in HIV prevalence in the general population, possibly explained by the mobile nature of both female sex workers and their clients as individual-level indicators of sex work were still significantly associated with HIV.

Sexually transmitted infections and sexual behaviour among commercial sex workers in a rural district of Malawi

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Zachariah ◽  
M P Spielmann ◽  
A D Harries ◽  
W Nkhoma ◽  
A Chantulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Targeted Interventions

In Thyolo District, Malawi, a study was conducted among commercial sex workers (CSWs) attending mobile clinics in order to; determine the prevalence and pattern of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), describe sexual behaviour among those who have an STI and identify risk factors associated with 'no condom use'. There were 1817 CSWs, of whom 448 (25%) had an STI. Of these, the commonest infections included 237 (53%) cases of abnormal vaginal discharge, 109 (24%) cases of pelvic inflammatory disease and 95 (21%) cases of genital ulcer disease (GUD). Eighty-seven per cent had sex while symptomatic, 17% without condoms. Having unprotected sex was associated with being married, being involved with commercial sex outside a known rest-house or bar, having a GUD, having fewer than two clients/day, alcohol intake and having had no prior medication for STI. The high levels of STIs, particularly GUDs, and unprotected sex underlines the importance of developing targeted interventions for CSWs and their clients.

scholarly journals HIV testing behaviour and HIV prevalence among female sex workers in Ukraine: findings from an Integrated Bio-Behavioural Survey, 2013–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Tokar ◽  
Iana Sazonova ◽  
Sharmistha Mishra ◽  
Pavlo Smyrnov ◽  
Tetiana Saliuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Test Result

ObjectivesUkraine has one of the largest HIV epidemics in Europe, with high prevalence among female sex workers (FSWs). We aimed to identify factors associated with HIV testing and receipt of the test result in the last 12 months, HIV prevalence and self-reported positive status among FSWs in Ukraine.MethodsWe used data from an Integrated Bio-Behavioural Survey among FSWs conducted in 2013–2014. The survey methodology combined three sampling strategies: time and location sampling, respondent-driven sampling and key informant recruitment. We used multivariable regression to identify factors associated with self-reported HIV testing in the last 12 months, HIV prevalence and self-reported positive status among FSWs living with HIV. Explored factors included: age, age at first sex, age at entry into sex work, education, marital status, employment status beside sex work, condom use with last paying or non-paying sexual partner, drug or alcohol consumption and sex work venue.ResultsRecent HIV testing was low overall with only 63.2% of FSWs reported having tested and received their test result in the last 12 months prior to the survey. HIV prevalence was 7.1% overall, but only 45.0% of FSWs living with HIV were aware of their HIV status. Testing in the last 12 months with receipt of test result was less common among FSWs who used drugs ever in life (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.9), women soliciting clients indoors (AOR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.9) and those not using a condom with last paying sexual partner (AOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.5). HIV positivity was associated with history of ever using drugs (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.6) and soliciting clients outdoors (AOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0). Women working indoors were less aware of their positive status (AOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.9).ConclusionHIV prevalence is high among FSWs in Ukraine, and testing and knowledge of one’s status remain insufficient. HIV testing programmes need to expand with strategies to reach specific subgroups of FSWs.

scholarly journals P3.167 Young Commercial Sex Workers Are at Higher Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections, the Netherlands, 2006–2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A199.4-A200
Author(s):  
N Fournet ◽  
F D H Koedijk ◽  
A P van Leeuwen ◽  
M S van Rooijen ◽  
S J Hahné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

scholarly journals HIV Prevalence and Sexual Behaviour Risk Among Male Regular Partners of Female Sex Workers. A Mixed- Methods Study at a Peri-urban Clinic in Kampala, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrude Namale ◽  
Onesmus Kamacooko ◽  
Rachel Kawuma ◽  
Daniel Bagiire ◽  
Yunia Mayanja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Urban Clinic

Abstract Background: In Uganda, female sex workers (FSWs) and their male partners are estimated to contribute 16% to new HIV infections. We assessed HIV prevalence and associated sexual behaviour risk among male regular partners of FSWs attending a peri-urban clinic in Kampala, Uganda.Methods: Between June 2012 - June 2017, we conducted a mixed methods cross-sectional study among male regular partners (aged ≥18 years old) of FSWs. The men were enrolled through FSWs attending a routine three monthly visit at a research clinic. Eligible and interested men were consented and counselled for parallel rapid HIV testing (Determine, Statpak, Unigold) on a serum sample. HIV-positive men were assessed and enrolled into HIV care and 3 monthly follow up. Data on socio-demographic, sexual behaviour (sexual relationships, condom and alcohol use), and clinical characteristics were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with HIV sero-positivity. In-depth interviews were conducted to elicit information on participants’ knowledge of HIV and its prevention as well as sexual risk practices. Qualitative data was analysed using NVIVO 12.0 following thematic approach.Results: One hundred and sixty-two men were included in the analysis; mean age was 35 years old (SD± 8.43). The overall HIV sero-positivity was 65/162 (40%), of these 57/65 (88%) men were initiated on ART from the clinic. Ninety percent had no signs of sexually transmitted infections (STI), 119/162 (73%) reported not using a condom during last sexual intercourse. At adjusted analysis, HIV sero-positivity was less likely among men with no STI (aOR= 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06-0.70) and using a condom during last sexual intercourse (aOR = 0.39 (95% CI: 0.18-0.85). HIV sero-positivity was more likely among uncircumcised men (aOR=3.10; 95%CI: 1.49-6.45), those with multiple sexual relationships (two or more sexual partners] (aOR= 3.45; 95% CI: 1.59-7.51). Qualitative findings highlight that most participants were not consistently using condoms with FSWs; the main reason given was that they “trusted” their steady FSWs.Conclusions: HIV prevalence among male regular partners was associated with high risk sexual behaviour. Interventions targeting FSWs should be extended to their male regular partners, to enable their access to HIV care and support.

scholarly journals Changes Over Time in HIV Prevalence and Sexual Behaviour Among Young Female Sex-Workers in 14 Sites in Zimbabwe, 2013–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1494-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungai T. Chabata ◽  
Bernadette Hensen ◽  
Tarisai Chiyaka ◽  
Phillis Mushati ◽  
Sibongile Mtetwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time
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