CT pectoralis muscle area is associated with DXA lean mass and correlates with emphysema progression in a tobacco-exposed cohort

IntroductionMuscle loss is an important extrapulmonary manifestation of COPD. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the method of choice for body composition measurement but is not widely used for muscle mass evaluation. The pectoralis muscle area (PMA) is quantifiable by CT and predicts cross-sectional COPD-related morbidity. There are no studies that compare PMA with DXA measures or that evaluate longitudinal relationships between PMA and lung disease progression.MethodsParticipants from our longitudinal tobacco-exposed cohort had baseline and 6-year chest CT (n=259) and DXA (n=164) data. Emphysema was quantified by CT density histogram parenchymal scoring using the 15th percentile technique. Fat-free mass index (FFMI) and appendicular skeletal mass index (ASMI) were calculated from DXA measurements. Linear regression model relationships were reported using standardised coefficient (β) with 95% CI.ResultsPMA was more strongly associated with DXA measures than with body mass index (BMI) in both cross-sectional (FFMI: β=0.76 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.86), p<0.001; ASMI: β=0.76 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.86), p<0.001; BMI: β=0.36 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.47), p<0.001) and longitudinal (ΔFFMI: β=0.43 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.57), p<0.001; ΔASMI: β=0.42 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.57), p<0.001; ΔBMI: β=0.34 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.46), p<0.001) models. Six-year change in PMA was associated with 6-year change in emphysema (β=0.39 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.56), p<0.001) but not with 6-year change in airflow obstruction.ConclusionsPMA is an accessible measure of muscle mass and may serve as a useful clinical surrogate for assessing skeletal muscle loss in smokers. Decreased PMA correlated with emphysema progression but not lung function decline, suggesting a difference in the pathophysiology driving emphysema, airflow obstruction and comorbidity risk.

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Pectoralis muscle wasting during chemotherapy.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e24069 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e24069-e24069

Author(s):

Jason Wiederin ◽

Christina Gu ◽

Patricia Jewett ◽

Anne Hudson Blaes

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Surface ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Nonlinear Effects ◽

Pectoralis Muscle ◽

Muscle Loss ◽

Muscle Area

e24069 Background: Chemotherapy is often followed by muscle mass loss which has been associated with frailty. We explored factors associated with change in pectoralis muscle mass after chemotherapy. We hypothesized greater muscle loss with time would be associated with poorer overall survival. Methods: We identified individuals with breast cancer (N = 221), sarcoma (N = 115), and lymphoma (N = 216) who received chemotherapy at the University of Minnesota MHealth Fairview and had CT scans before and after chemotherapy. Right pectoralis muscle area was measured using CORESLICER and indexed to body surface (right pectoralis muscle area [cm2] / body surface [m2]). We calculated quartiles of the indexed pectoralis measure. We restricted our analyses to participants who received a follow-up CT within two years after starting chemotherapy. In a multivariate linear regression, we explored associations of sex, age, BMI, ever-smoking, time since start of chemotherapy, indexed baseline muscle area, stage, type of diagnosis, and cumulative anthracycline dose with relative (%) change in muscle area. In a Cox regression we tested the association of relative muscle change with overall mortality. We used cubic splines to test for nonlinear effects. Results: Of 477 participants (66% female; mean age 61.3 (10.1) years), 366 received anthracyclines, 61 Trastuzumab, and 60 both. The average loss in right pectoral muscle area was -10% for women and -12% for men. We detected nonlinear effects of indexed baseline muscle area, P = 0.03. In a model using quartiles of indexed baseline muscle area, significant predictors of muscle loss included sex (women vs. men, -9.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -14.2- -3.7%, P = 0.0008), larger indexed baseline muscle area (quartiles 2, 3, 4 compared with quartile 1, change range -7 - -24%, 95% CI range, -2 - -30%, P-range < 0.0001 – 0.006), smoking (ever vs. never, -4.1%, 95% CI -7.6 - -0.7%, P = 0.02), and diagnosis (sarcoma vs breast cancer, -5.7%, 95% CI -11.1 - -0.3%, P = 0.04). There was no significant association between muscle change and overall survival (median follow-up time 4.1). Conclusions: Being female, larger baseline muscle mass (per m2 body surface), ever-smoking, and a sarcoma diagnosis were associated with greater relative muscle loss after chemotherapy. More data is needed to understand the course of sarcopenia in terms of recovery and survivorship. [Table: see text]

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Body composition and energy intake — skeletal muscle mass is the strongest predictor of food intake in obese adolescents: The HEARTY trial

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0479 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 611-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Jameason D. Cameron ◽

Ronald J. Sigal ◽

Glen P. Kenny ◽

Angela S. Alberga ◽

Denis Prud’homme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Obese Adolescents

There has been renewed interest in examining the relationship between specific components of energy expenditure and the overall influence on energy intake (EI). The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the strongest metabolic and anthropometric predictors of EI. It was hypothesized that resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skeletal muscle mass would be the strongest predictors of EI in a sample of overweight and obese adolescents. 304 post-pubertal adolescents (91 boys, 213 girls) aged 16.1 (±1.4) years with body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex OR at or above the 85th percentile plus an additional diabetes risk factor were measured for body weight, RMR (kcal/day) by indirect calorimetry, body composition by magnetic resonance imaging (fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, fat mass (FM), and percentage body fat), and EI (kcal/day) using 3 day food records. Body weight, RMR, FFM, skeletal muscle mass, and FM were all significantly correlated with EI (p < 0.005). After adjusting the model for age, sex, height, and physical activity, only FFM (β = 21.9, p = 0.007) and skeletal muscle mass (β = 25.8, p = 0.02) remained as significant predictors of EI. FFM and skeletal muscle mass also predicted dietary protein and fat intake (p < 0.05), but not carbohydrate intake. In conclusion, with skeletal muscle mass being the best predictor of EI, our results support the hypothesis that the magnitude of the body’s lean tissue is related to absolute levels of EI in a sample of inactive adolescents with obesity.

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The Nonlinear Relationship Between Psoas Cross-sectional Area and BMI: A New Observation and Its Insights into Diabetes Remission After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

10.2337/figshare.16608080.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shaobo Li ◽

Haoyong Yu ◽

Pin Zhang ◽

Yinfang Tu ◽

Yunfeng Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Bypass ◽

Linear Relationship ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Diabetes Remission ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Linear ◽

Design And Methods

OBJECTIVE To<a> explore the potential relevance of muscle mass as a variable contributor to body mass index (BMI) on BMI limitations in predicting diabetes remission (DR) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). </a> RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the relationship between muscle mass and BMI in 501 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity. Of which <a>186 patients who underwent R</a>YGB were <a>studied to determine the role of baseline muscle mass </a><a>and BMI </a>in predicting DR. Muscle mass was assessed by estimated fat-free mass index (eFFMI) and psoas cross-sectional area (CSA). RESULTS A non-linear relationship existed between psoas CSA and BMI, whereas psoas CSA showed a highly positive correlation with <a>eFFMI</a>. Baseline psoas CSA and eFFMI were better than BMI for predicting 1- and 5-year DR. CONCLUSIONS <a>The </a><a>non-linear relationship between</a> muscle mass and BMI may <a>partially contribute to </a><a>BMI limitations in predicting DR</a> after RYGB.

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Pectoralis muscle area and mortality in smokers without airflow obstruction

Respiratory Research ◽

10.1186/s12931-018-0771-6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alejandro A. Diaz ◽

Carlos H. Martinez ◽

Rola Harmouche ◽

Thomas P. Young ◽

Merry-Lynn McDonald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Airflow Obstruction ◽

Pectoralis Muscle ◽

Muscle Area

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Abnormal body composition in patients with adrenal adenomas

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-21-0458 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Danae Delivanis ◽

Maria Daniela Hurtado Andrade ◽

Tiffany Cortes ◽

Shobana Athimulam ◽

Aakanksha Khanna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Cushing Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cortisol Secretion ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Skeletal Muscle Area

Objective: Increased visceral fat and sarcopenia are cardiovascular risk factors that may explain increased cardiovascular morbidity and frailty in patients with adrenal adenomas. Our objective was to compare body composition measurement of patients with adrenal adenomas to referent subjects without adrenal disease Design: Cross-sectional study, 2014-2018 Methods: Participants were adults with nonfunctioning adrenal tumor (NFAT), mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) and Cushing syndrome (CS), and age, sex and body mass index 1:1 matched referent subjects without adrenal disorders. Main outcome measures were body composition measurements calculated from abdominal computed tomography imaging. Intraabdominal adipose tissue and muscle mass measurements were performed at the 3rd lumbar spine level. Results: Of 227 patients with adrenal adenomas, 20 were diagnosed with CS, 76 with MACS and 131 with NFAT. Median age was 56 years (range, 18-89), and 67% were women. When compared to referent subjects, patients with CS, MACS, and NFAT demonstrated a higher visceral fat (odds ratio (OR) of 2.2 [95% CI 0.9-6.5], 2.0 [1.3-3.2], and 1.8 [1.2-2.7] and a lower skeletal muscle area (OR of 0.01 [95% CI 0-0.09], 0.31 [0.18-0.49], and 0.3 [1.2-2.7]), respectively. For every 1 mcg/dL cortisol increase after overnight dexamethasone, visceral fat/muscle area ratio increased by 2.3 (P=0.02) and mean total skeletal muscle area decreased by 2.2cm2 (P=0.03). Conclusion: Patients with adrenal adenomas demonstrate a lower muscle mass and a higher proportion of visceral fat when compared to referent subjects, including patients with NFAT. Even a subtle abnormality in cortisol secretion may impact health of patients with adenomas.

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Association of Protein Intake in Three Meals with Muscle Mass in Healthy Young Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030612 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 612 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jun Yasuda ◽

Mai Asako ◽

Takuma Arimitsu ◽

Satoshi Fujita

Keyword(s):

Muscle Mass ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Muscle Protein ◽

Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Intake Rate ◽

Young Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Young Subjects

Protein intake of >0.24 g/kg of body weight (BW) at a single meal is necessary to maximize muscle protein synthesis in a young population. However, the association between the protein intake rate for three meals and muscle mass in the young population has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that a protein intake of >0.24 g/kg BW at all three meals is effective for maintaining muscle mass. Therefore, we cross-sectionally examined the association between protein intake at all three meals with muscle mass in 266 healthy young subjects (aged 21.4 ± 2.4 years). Subjects were divided into the AP group, which achieved protein intake >0.24 g/kg BW at all three meals; and the NP group, which did not. We calculated total fat-free mass (FFM) and appendicular fat-free mass (AppFFM) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the percentage of total FFM (TotalFFM%) and appendicular FFM (AppFFM%) were calculated as the percentage of BW (%BW). We demonstrated that TotalFFM% (77.0 ± 0.5 vs. 75.2 ± 0.4%, p = 0.008) and AppFFM% (34.7 ± 0.3 vs. 34.1 ± 0.2%, p = 0.058) were higher in the AP than in the NP group. This finding suggests that achieving protein intake of >0.24 g/kg BW at all three meals is important for muscle mass maintenance in young populations.

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Relationships of Fat and Muscle Mass with Chronic Kidney Disease in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17239124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 9124

Author(s):

Bokun Kim ◽

Hyuntae Park ◽

Gwonmin Kim ◽

Tomonori Isobe ◽

Takeji Sakae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Creatinine Concentration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Assess Body Composition

This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to assess the relationships of fat and muscle mass with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in older adults. Serum creatinine concentration was used to measure estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) in the 236 subjects, who were allocated to three groups: a normal (≥60.0), a mild CKD (45.0–59.9), and a moderate to severe CKD (<45.0) group. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test and multivariate logistic regression were employed to assess body composition trends and the relationships of % fat mass (FM) or % muscle mass index (MMI) with moderate-to-severe CKD. Body weight, fat-free mass, MMI, and %MMI tended to decrease with an increase in the severity of CKD, but the opposite trend was identified for %FM. No relationship with BMI was identified. The participants in the middle-high and highest quartile for %FM were 6.55 and 14.31 times more likely to have moderate to severe CKD. Conversely, the participants in the highest quartile for %MMI were 0.07 times less likely to have moderate to severe CKD. Thus, high fat and low muscle mass may be more strongly associated with CKD than obesity per se.

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The Relationship Between Intermuscular Fat and Physical Performance Is Moderated by Muscle Area in Older Adults

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glaa161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 115-122

Author(s):

Samaneh Farsijani ◽

Adam J Santanasto ◽

Iva Miljkovic ◽

Robert M Boudreau ◽

Bret H Goodpaster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Functional Limitations ◽

Negative Association ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Intermuscular Fat ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background Age-related deposition of fat in skeletal muscle is associated with functional limitations. Skeletal muscle fat may be present in people with preserved muscle mass or accompanied by muscle wasting. However, it is not clear if the association between muscle fat deposition and physical performance is moderated by muscle mass. Objective To determine whether the association between midthigh intermuscular fat and physical performance is moderated by muscle area. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Health, Aging, and, Body Composition (ABC) study data collected in 2002–2003 (n = 1897, women: 52.2%). Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area (by computed tomography) and physical performance measures were compared across quartiles of intermuscular fat absolute area. Moderation analysis was performed to determine the conditional effect of intermuscular fat on physical performance as a function of muscle area. Conditional effects were evaluated at three levels of muscle area (mean and ± 1 standard deviation [SD]; 213.2 ± 53.2 cm2). Results Simple slope analysis showed that the negative association between intermuscular fat area (cm2) and leg strength (N·m) was of greater magnitude (beta coefficient [b], 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.288 [−0.427, −0.148]) in participants with greater muscle area (ie, 1 SD above the mean) compared to those with lower muscle area (ie, at mean [b = −0.12 {−0.248, 0.008}] or 1 SD below the mean [b = 0.048 {−0.122, 0.217}]). Similarly, the negative association of intermuscular fat with 400-m walk speed (m/s) and chair stand (seconds) was greater in those with higher muscle areas (p < .001) compared to those with lower muscle areas. Conclusions The association between higher intermuscular fat area and impaired physical function in aging is moderated by muscle area.

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Body composition as a predictor of sunitinib toxicity in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e15566 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e15566-e15566

Author(s):

Samantha Cushen ◽

Aoife M Ryan ◽

MinYuen Teo ◽

Peter MacEneaney ◽

Patrick McLaughlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Renal Cell ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Cell Cancer ◽

Drug Dose ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Overweight Group

e15566 Background: Sunitinib is a standard first-line option for metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). Identification of biomarkers associated with outcome or toxicity is a challenge. Body composition is a prognostic factor in cancer and sarcopenia is associated with treatment toxicity and survival. We investigated if body composition by CT scan predicted dose limiting toxicity (DLT) from sunitinib in mRCC. Methods: Patients (pts) with mRCC receiving sunitinib 50mg as 1stline therapy between 2007-2012 were included. Ethical approval was obtained and prospectively maintained databases analysed. Skeletal muscle cross-sectional area at L3 was measured by CT. Sarcopenia was defined using published cut offs. Toxicity was assessed after 4 cycles of drug (CTCAE, v4.0). Results: 55 pts (43 male), mean age 64yrs (±10.6) were included. 67% were overweight/obese (BMI>25kg/m2). Sarcopenia was present in 33% (56% of normal BMI, 44% overweight group). Overall 40 pts (73%) experienced DLT (51% M, 100% F, p<0.016). DLT occurred in <6 months in 53% (44% M vs 83% F, p<0.016) and these pts were older (mean 68 yrs vs 60 yrs, p<0.01), had lower skeletal muscle mass (51.8 cm2/m2 vs 59.4 cm2/m2, p<0.012), and fat free mass (FFM) (51.4kg vs 57.7kg, p<0.03), and received higher drug dose in mg/kg FFM (1.01 vs 0.89, p<0.02). Common toxicities were GI (65%) and fatigue (47%). Of pts <25th percentile skeletal muscle mass 92% experienced DLT, higher than pts >75th percentile (p<0.05). Pts <25th percentile had an average of 5 toxicities vs 2 in those >75th percentile (p<0.003). All toxicities were more common in muscle wasted patients (p<0.05). 77% (n=10) of pts receiving a drug dose >75th percentile (1.105mg/FFM) experienced DLT in <6 months vs 44% (n=17) receiving a dose <75thpercentile (<1.099mg/FFM; p<0.037). Conclusions: Sarcopenia is prevalent in patients with mRCC, is easily measured, is an occult condition in pts with normal/high BMI, and is a significant predictor of DLT in pts receiving 1st line sunitinib. Our results highlight the potential use of baseline body composition to predict toxicity. The role of sarcopenia in targeted therapy is evolving and its potential to predict toxicity should be further studied.

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Association of Sarcopenic Obesity and Body Composition With Metabolically Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Phenotypes Among Iranian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-154683/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aliyu Tijani Jibril ◽

Atieh Mirzababaei ◽

Farideh Shiraseb ◽

Niloufar Rasaei ◽

Khadijeh Mirzaei

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Sarcopenic Obesity ◽

Iranian Women ◽

High Fat ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome, with its prevalence has increased over the past decade. Major changes in body composition with aging have a significant effect on many clinical outcomes. Sarcopenic obesity consists of both the presence of abnormal adipose tissue with a deficit of muscle mass. Results Of the 241 subjects in this study (average age 35.32 years), 176 (73.03%) were classified as MUO phenotype. Based on this study, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 7.88%. We found that high fat-free mass was more strongly and significantly associated with MUO phenotype. Furthermore, we found that individuals with high fat-free mass and high skeletal muscle mass had a significantly low prevalence of MUO phenotype. A significant positive correlation between metabolic phenotypes and sarcopenic obesity was also observed after all potential covariates were adjusted for. These results of this study suggest that increased adiposity and decreased skeletal muscle mass are associated with unfavorable metabolic traits among overweight and obese Iranian women. SO was also found to be associated with a greater risk of developing MUO phenotype.

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