Extraction of areas at risk of heat stroke in urban areas based on Kobe City heat stroke transport data

Purpose This paper aims to focus on reducing the vulnerability of Ahvaz city against urban disasters and lowering the number of casualties and amount of financial losses using modern approaches to develop resilience strategies that can increase urban safety to an acceptable level. The strategic situation of Ahvaz city, because of its abundant resources, the war experience and its location on the boundary regions of Iran, highlights its significance. Ahvaz has a high population and an extended texture, and the existence of extraordinary constructions increases the importance of physical resilience in this city. Design/methodology/approach The present study investigates built environment aspects such as the urban structure, the urban form, land-use proximity pattern, urban road network and crucial and vulnerable centres in Ahvaz, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Hence, the areas at risk in Ahvaz were identified and illustrated in a comprehensive risk assessment map, and then, by using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats technique and finally by using the Delphi method, some strategies and plans were presented to reduce the level of vulnerability in Ahvaz. Then, these strategies are prioritized by applying quality function deployment (QFD) technique. Findings The risk assessment result shows that most parts of Ahvaz’s urban areas are highly at risk. The central and northern parts of Ahvaz have the highest vulnerability at a time of crisis. These zones include district 1 (city centre) and districts 2, 3 and 7 at the city’s margins. The result of QFD process showed that the essential urban resilience strategy is to positively consider the passive defence studies with a physical resilience approach. Also, the proper distribution of strategic points in the city, moving the industrial and oil companies from the peripheral area, and facilitating access to vital, crucial centres to support urban regions are considered the most effective strategic plans. Originality/value This paper, with an integrated approach, examines and prioritizes the main physical problems of Ahvaz city based on the spatial analysis and opinions of experts. The physical strategies presented in this paper can significantly reduce the risks and increase the urban resilience of Ahvaz city in the face of crisis.

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Description of a pharmacist-led clinical video telehealth group clinic for opioid overdose prevention and naloxone education

Mental Health Clinician ◽

10.9740/mhc.2019.07.294 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 294-297

Author(s):

Aimee N. Jensen ◽

Candace M. Beam ◽

Amber R. Douglass ◽

Jennifer E. Brabson ◽

Michelle Colvard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

High Risk ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Opioid Overdose ◽

Overdose Prevention ◽

Innovative Practice ◽

Risk Patients ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract To achieve the nationwide goal of reducing opioid-related deaths, a clinical pharmacy specialist–led clinical video telehealth (CVT) clinic was created at a Veterans Affairs medical center (VAMC) to deliver opioid overdose prevention and naloxone education to at-risk patients. The purpose of this innovative practice was to improve access to this potentially life-saving intervention to patients across urban and rural areas. This study is a single-center, descriptive analysis of adult patients across 2 VAMC campuses and 4 community-based outpatient clinics from July 11, 2016, through December 31, 2016. The purpose of this innovative practice was to increase access to overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) to at-risk patients across urban and rural areas. Patient-specific factors were also examined among those receiving naloxone through the CVT clinic compared to other prescribers. During the first 6 months from the initiation of the clinic, 1 pharmacist prescribed 21% of the health care system's naloxone. These patients identified by the pharmacist-led CVT clinic were more likely to be considered high-risk due to concomitant use of opioids and benzodiazepines. In conclusion, the pharmacist-led CVT group clinic has been an efficient strategy to extend OEND services to high-risk patients beyond central, urban areas.

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Climate-change risk analysis for global urban forests

10.1101/2021.05.09.443030 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez ◽

John B Baumgartner ◽

Linda J Beaumont ◽

Jonathan Lenoir ◽

David A Nipperess ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

At Risk ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Safety Margin ◽

Urban Forests ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Mean Annual Temperature ◽

Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽

Projected Changes ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

Urban forests (i.e. all vegetation present in urban areas), provide environmental and socio-economic benefits to more than half of the global population. Projected climate change threatens these benefits to society. Here, we assess vulnerability to climate change of 16,006 plant species present in the urban forests of 1,010 cities within 93 countries, using three vulnerability metrics: exposure, safety margin and risk. Exposure expresses the magnitude of projected changes in climate in a given area, safety margin measures species' sensitivity to climate change, and risk is the difference between exposure and safety margin. We identified 9,676 (60.5%) and 8,344 (52.1%) species exceeding their current climatic tolerance (i.e. safety margin) for mean annual temperature (MAT) and annual precipitation (AP), respectively. By 2050, 13,479 (84.2%) and 9,960 (62.2%) species are predicted to be at risk from projected changes in MAT and AP, respectively, with risk increasing in cities at lower latitudes. Our results can aid evaluation of the impacts of climate change on urban forests and identify the species most at risk. Considering future climates when selecting species for urban plantings will enhance the long-term societal benefits provided by urban forests, including their contribution to mitigating the magnitude and impacts of climate change.

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Leptospirosis and its spatial and temporal relations with natural disasters in six municipalities of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2000 to 2016

Geospatial health ◽

10.4081/gh.2020.903 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ana Elisa Pereira Silva ◽

Francisco Chiaravalloti Neto ◽

Gleice Margarete de Souza Conceição

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cluster Formation ◽

Scan Statistics ◽

Mass Movements ◽

Age Group ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Determining Factors

Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial infection that occurs worldwide, with fatality rate of up to 40% in the most severe cases. The number of cases peaks during the rainy season and may reach epidemic proportions in the event of flooding. It is possible that people living in areas affected by natural disasters are at greater risk of contracting the disease. The aim of this study was to identify clusters of relatively higher risk for leptospirosis occurrence, both in space and time, in six municipalities of Santa Catarina, Brazil, which had the highest incidence of the disease between 2000 and 2016, and to evaluate if these clusters coincide with the occurrence of natural disasters. The cases were geocoded with the geographic coordinates of patients’ home addresses, and the analysis was performed using SaTScan software. The areas mapped as being at risk for hydrological and mass movements were compared with the locations of detected leptospirosis clusters. The disease was more common in men and in the age group from 15 to 69 years. In the scan statistics performed, only space-time showed significant results. Clusters were detected in all municipalities in 2008, when natural disasters preceded by heavy rainfall occurred. One of the municipalities also had clusters in 2011. In these clusters, most of the cases lived in urban areas and areas at risk for experiencing natural disasters. The interaction between time (time of disaster occurrence) and space (areas at risk of experiencing natural disasters) were the determining factors affecting cluster formation.

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Supply-at-Risk: Resilience Metric for Infrastructure Systems: Framework for assessing and comparing resilience of infrastructure systems in urban areas

2019 4th International Conference on System Reliability and Safety (ICSRS) ◽

10.1109/icsrs48664.2019.8987665 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mateusz Iwo Dubaniowski ◽

Hans R. Heinimann

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Infrastructure Systems ◽

Systems Framework

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How to Improve Dietary Practices of 19–30yo Egyptian Women Living in Urban Areas? An Optifood Analysis (OR25-04-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz051.or25-04-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Chloé Brouzes ◽

Daniel Tomé ◽

Nicolas Darcel ◽

Elaine Ferguson ◽

Anne Lluch

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Food Prices ◽

Arab Countries ◽

Fixed Cost ◽

Fortified Foods ◽

Dietary Practices ◽

Nutrient Adequacy ◽

Dietary Record ◽

Egyptian Women

Abstract Objectives The double burden of malnutrition is rising in several Arab countries due to rapid changes in dietary patterns and lifestyle. Egyptian women have one of the highest BMI worldwide, and nearly one quarter of them suffer from anemia. The objective was to identify changes needed in dietary practices and product offer, which could help to rebalance nutrient intakes for women living in urban Egypt. Methods Food intakes were obtained from a 4-days dietary record in 127 women (19–30 yo) and food prices were collected in modern and in traditional trades. Modeling analyses (Optifood software) were used to identify problem nutrients and design affordable food-based recommendations (FBRs): we assessed whether locally and consumed foods could theoretically be combined to ensure nutrient adequacy, at a fixed cost, without exceeding recommendations in energy and SFAs, total sugars and sodium. Fortified foods were included in additional modeling analyses to test their potential to improve intakes of the most problematic micronutrient to cover. Results Preliminary results from modeling analyses indicated that iron is the most problematic recommendation to cover from a combination of local and consumed foods. Daily consumption of fruits, vegetables, grains, milk or yoghurt, and tahini associated with smart food choices in the meat-fish-eggs category would result in a low percentage of women at risk for 11 out of 12 micronutrients modeled. Among the fortified foods tested, iron fortified bread, rice, milk and yoghurt would be promising vectors to improve iron intakes. Conclusions Local foods can ensure nutrient adequacy of most nutrients. However, strategies are needed to promote acceptable FBRs to rebalance the diet of Egyptian women. Iron fortified products could help to improve iron intakes for this population at risk of anemia. Funding Sources Danone Research.

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Introduction to a Series of Studies on Abused, Delinquent, Violent, and Homicidal Youth and Adults

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.104.1.9-15 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 9-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert John Zagar ◽

Agata Karolina Zagar

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Current Data ◽

At Risk Youth ◽

Empirically Supported Treatments ◽

Criminal Cases ◽

Empirically Supported ◽

Violent Youth ◽

Developmental Risks ◽

Accuracy Of Prediction

To study the risks of abuse and homicide, 5 studies of unique groups of abused, delinquent, violent, homicidal, and criminal cases representing ages from infancy to adulthood are presented with areas ( AUCs) under the receiver operating curves ( ROCs) and odds ratios ( OK) for commission of homicide. Delinquent samples compared show changes in risks since the early 1900s. Probation-parole tests contrasted reformed offenders with recidivists. Current data substantively extended examination of risks to infants and to female cases, increasing accuracy of prediction from the previous best AUCs = 0.69−0.76 to AUCs = 0.74−0.97. Empirically supported treatments may reduce onset of delinquency or reoffense beyond 10 to 40% if targeted to developmental risks among at-risk youth and within high-homicide urban areas. Parental costs of raising an abused, delinquent, or violent youth from birth to 17 years were double those of controls and, for a youth who committed murder, 23 times higher. Use of risk-based screening and empirical treatments are legal under U.S., British, and European constitutions and the U.N. Charter.

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