In situ immobilization of metals in contaminated or naturally metal-rich soils

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
B R Singh ◽  
L Oste
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
In Situ Immobilization ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Alum Shale

The chemical behaviour of metals is primarily governed by their retention and release reactions of solute with the soil matrix. Liming increased the soil pH, resulting in increased adsorption of Zn, Cu, and Cd in soils, which in consequence decreased the concentration of easily soluble Cd fraction in the soils and the uptake of this metal by wheat (Triticum aestivum) and carrots (Daucus carota). Metal adsorption also depended on the presence of clay and organic matter, and thus the soils having highest amounts of clay (e.g., alum shale) and (or) organic matter (e.g., peat soil) showed the highest adsorption for these metals. Among the materials (Fe and Mn oxides and aluminosilicates) having high binding capacity for metals, the immobilizing capacity of birnessite (MnO2) was higher than that of other materials. Addition of synthetic zeolites significantly reduced the metal uptake by plants. Application of zeolite to a soil resulted in increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in the leachate, which in consequence increased the leaching of Cd and Zn. Addition of beringite (an aluminosilicate) to a Zn-contaminated soil resulted in increased shoot length and leaf area of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and a significant reduction in Zn concentration in leaves (from 350 to 146 mg kg-1). Cadmium concentration in ryegrass and the concentrations of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)- extractable Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in the soil decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing amounts of organic matter (peat soil and cow manure) added to soils. These effects were assumed to be related to immobilization of metals due to formation of insoluble metal--organic complexes and increased cation exchange capacity (CEC). An overview of the results showed that the products tested (lime, Fe/Mn-containing compounds, aluminosilicates, and organic matter products) can reduce the solubility and the plant uptake of metals but their immobilizing capacity is limited (sometimes through their side effects). Key words: aluminosilicates, contaminated soils, in situ immobilization, leaching, metal oxides, organic matter, plant uptake.

Plant uptake and DTPA-extractability of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in a Norwegian alum shale soil as affected by previous addition of dairy and pig manures and peat

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Arnesen ◽  
B. R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Nickel Concentration ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Alum Shale ◽  
Extractable Zn

Residual effects of cow manure, pig manure and peat soil on the DTPA-extractability and plant uptake of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc were investigated in the second and third years after application to an alum shale soil. Wheat and barley were grown in alternate years. The effects of the organic matter applied differed among metals, sources of organic matter and time after application. The Cd concentrations in grain was reduced by the rates of peat soil, whereas the manures had no significant effect. Copper concentrations in grain and Zn concentrations in both grain and straw generally increased with rates of organic matter. Nickel concentration in grain tended to decrease with increasing rates of cow and pig manure applied, whereas it tended to increase with the addition of peat soil.The concentrations of DTPA-extractable metals in the soil were generally higher in the second and third years than in the first year after application of organic matter. Some of the metals bound by organic matter in the first year were probably released as the organic matter was decomposed. Decreases in DTPA-extractable Cd and Ni were found by the addition of pig and cow manure, whereas these manures resulted in increased DTPA-extractable Zn. The application of peat soil, on the other hand, resulted in increased amounts of DTPA-extractable Cu, Zn and Ni, probably due to decreased soil pH. Key words: Heavy metals, solubility, plant uptake, organic matter

In Situ Immobilization of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils

Soil Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
G. Czupyrna ◽  
R. D. Levy ◽  
A. I. MacLean ◽  
H. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
In Situ Immobilization

Modeling Plant Uptake and Biodegradation of Semi-Volatile Hydrocarbon Compounds

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1651-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Corapcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
In Situ Remediation ◽  
Volatile Hydrocarbon ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Potential Alternative

In recent years, the possible use of plants for treatment of the large volumes of slightly contaminated soils offered a potential alternative for waste management. This study develops a methodology to simulate the transport of semi-volatile dissolved hydrocarbon compounds in soil water and their interaction with plant roots. Microbial activity on the root surface is incorporated into the simulation by a biofilm model. Furthermore, the model takes root growth into account. The numerical solution of this study can be employed to assess the efficiency of an in situ remediation technique using plants, possibly cash crops like cotton, to clean an area contaminated by semi-volatile organics.

scholarly journals Adsorption and Desorption of Cd by Soil Amendment: Mechanisms and Environmental Implications in Field-Soil Remediation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Zhongqiu Zhao ◽  
Changbao Ma ◽  
Shibao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
In Situ Immobilization ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Surface Precipitation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Main Components

In China, 1/5 of the total farmland area is Cd-enriched; the wide occurrence of Cd-contaminated soil in China has already posed significant public health risk and deserves immediate action. In situ immobilization has been regarded as one of the most promising agricultural extension-technologies for remediating low-to-medium levels of heavy metal contaminated land in China. Although extensive research has been conducted to examine the effectiveness of different amendments on remediation of Cd-contaminated soils, the influence of changed soil properties on secondary release of Cd from Cd-amendment to soil is rarely known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of four soil amendments (denoted as Ad1, Ad2, Ad3 and Ad4, their main components being clay mineral, base mineral, humus and biochar, respectively) on reducing Cd availability and increasing Cd stability in soil. The maximum adsorption capacity of test amendments on Cd ranged from 7.47 to 17.67 mg g−1. The characterizations of test amendments before and after Cd loading provided the evidence that surface precipitation and ion exchange were the main reasons for Ad1 and Ad2 to adsorb Cd, and complexation was for Ad3 and Ad4. In addition, there was significant increase in the desorption percentages of Cd from amendments as pH decreased (from 7 to 1) or ion strength increased (from 0 to 0.2 M). Comparatively, Ad3 and Ad4 could be more effective for in situ immobilization of Cd in contaminated soils, due to their high adsorption capacities (12.82 and 17.67 mg g−1, respectively) and low desorption percentages (4.46–6.23%) at pH from 5 to 7 and ion strengths from 0.01 to 0.1 mol L−1. The results obtained in this study could provide a guideline for in-situ remediation of Cd polluted field-soil in China.

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