Exercise above the maximal lactate steady state does not elicit a VO2 slow component that leads to attainment of VO2max

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Hill ◽  
Brian Keith McFarlin ◽  
Jakob L. Vingren
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Steady State ◽  
University Students ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Severe Intensity

There is a pervasive belief that the severe intensity domain is defined as work rates above the power associated with a maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and by a VO2 response that demonstrates a rapid increase (primary phase) followed by a slower increase (slow component), which leads to VO2max if exercise is continued long enough. Fifteen university students performed five to seven tests to calculate power at MLSS (154 ± 29 W). The tests included 30 minutes of exercise at each of three work rates: (i) below (–2 ± 1 W) power at MLSS, (ii) above (+4 ± 1 W) the power at MLSS, and (iii) well above (+19 ± 8 W) power at MLSS. The VO2 response in each test was described using mathematical modeling. Contrary to expectation, the response at the supra-MLSS work rates had not two, but three, distinct phases: the primary phase and the slow component, plus a “delayed” third phase, which emerged after ~15 minutes. VO2max was not attained at supra-MLSS work rates. These results challenge commonly held beliefs about definitions and descriptions of exercise intensity domains. Novelty • the VO2 response at work rates that are too high to sustain a lactate steady state but not high enough to elicit VO2max features not two, but three, distinct phases • there is not consensus whether intensity domains should be defined by their boundaries or by the responses they engender

Maximal lactate steady state declines during the aging process

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2576-2582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig O. Mattern ◽  
Margaret J. Gutilla ◽  
Darrin L. Bright ◽  
Timothy E. Kirby ◽  
Kenneth W. Hinchcliff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Type I ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Competitive Cyclists ◽  
Age Related Changes

Increased participation of aged individuals in athletics warrants basic research focused on delineating age-related changes in performance variables. On the basis of potential age-related declines in aerobic enzyme activities and a shift in the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, we hypothesized that maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) exercise intensity would be altered as a function of age. Three age groups [young athletes (YA), 25.9 ± 1.0 yr, middle-age athletes (MA), 43.2 ± 1.0 yr, and older athletes (OA), 64.6 ± 2.7 yr] of male, competitive cyclists and triathletes matched for training intensity and duration were studied. Subjects performed a maximal O2 consumption (V̇o2 max) test followed by a series of 30-min exercise trials to determine MLSS. A muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis was procured on a separate visit. There were differences ( P < 0.05) in V̇o2 max among all age groups (YA = 67.7 ± 1.2 ml · kg-1 · min-1, MA = 56.0 ± 2.6 ml · kg-1 · min-1, OA = 47.0 ± 2.6 ml · kg-1 · min-1). When expressed as a percentage of V̇o2 max, there was also an age-related decrease ( P < 0.05) in the relative MLSS exercise intensity (YA = 80.8 ± 0.9%, MA = 76.1 ± 1.4%, OA = 69.9 ± 1.5%). There were no significant age-related changes in citrate synthase activity or MHC isoform profile. The hypothesis is supported as there is an age-related decline in MLSS exercise intensity in athletes matched for training intensity and duration. Although type I MHC isoform, combined with age, is helpful in predicting ( r = 0.76, P < 0.05) relative MLSS intensity, it does not explain the age-related decline in MLSS.

Does critical swimming velocity represent exercise intensity at maximal lactate steady state?

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohji Wakayoshi ◽  
Takayoshi Yoshida ◽  
Masao Udo ◽  
Takashi Harada ◽  
Toshio Moritani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Critical Swimming Velocity

Physiological Responses to Cycling for 60 Minutes at Maximal Lactate Steady State

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Lajoie ◽  
Louis Laurencelle ◽  
François Trudeau
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Continuous Test

Changes in physiological variables during a 60-min continuous test at maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) were studied using highly conditioned cyclists (1 female and 9 males, aged 28.3 ± 8.1 years). To determine power at MLSS, we tested at 8-min increments and interpolated the power corresponding to a blood lactate value of 4 mmol/L. During the subsequent 60-min exercise at MLSS, we observed a sequential increase of physiological parameters, in contrast to stable blood lactate. Heart rate drifted upward from beginning to end of exercise. This became statistically significant after 30 min. From 10-60 min of exercise, a change of + 12.6 ± 3.2 bpm was noted. Significant drift was seen after 30 min for the respiratory exchange ratio, after 40 min for the rate of perceived exertion using the Borg scale, and after 50 min for % [Formula: see text] and minute ventilation. This slow component of [Formula: see text] may be the result of higher recruitment of type II fibers. Key words: Rate of perceived exertion, heart rate, oxygen consumption, blood lactate, cycling

Does a 3-Minute All-Out Test Provide Suitable Measures of Exercise Intensity at the Maximal Lactate Steady State or Peak Oxygen Uptake for Well-Trained Runners?

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-810
Author(s):  
Billy Sperlich ◽  
Christoph Zinner ◽  
David Trenk ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Ramp Test ◽  
Trained Runners ◽  
Suitable Measure

Purpose:To examine whether a 3-min all-out test can be used to obtain accurate values for the maximal lactate steady state (vMLSS) and/or peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) of well-trained runners.Methods:The 15 male volunteers (25 ± 5 y, 181 ± 6 cm, 76 ± 7 kg, VO2peak 69.3 ± 9.5 mL · kg−1 · min−1) performed a ramp test, a 3-min all-out test, and several submaximal 30-min runs at constant paces of vEND (mean velocity during the last 30 s of the 3-min all-out test) itself and vEND +0.2, +0.1, –0.1, –0.2, –0.3, or –0.4 m/s.Results:vMLSS and vEND were correlated (r = .69, P = .004), although vMLSS was lower (mean difference: 0.26 ± 0.32 m/s, 95% CI –.44 to –.08 m/s, P = .007, effect size = 0.65). The VO2peak values derived from the ramp and 3-min all-out tests were not correlated (r = .41, P = .12), with a mean difference of 523 ± 1002 mL (95% CI –31 to 1077 mL).Conclusion:A 3-min all-out test does not provide a suitable measure of vMLSS or VO2peak for well-trained runners.

scholarly journals Aerobic Fitness Evaluation during Walking Tests Identifies the Maximal Lactate Steady State

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Morais Puga ◽  
Eduardo Kokubun ◽  
Herbert Gustavo Simões ◽  
Fabio Yuzo Nakamura ◽  
Carmen Sílvia Grubert Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Constant Intensity ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Fitness Evaluation ◽  
Lm Tests ◽  
Lactate Minimum ◽  
Polynomial Modeling ◽  
Walking Tests

Objective. The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of lactate minimum (LM) determination during a walking test and the validity of such LM protocol on predicting the maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) intensity.Design. Eleven healthy subjects ( yr;  kg;  cm) performed LM tests on a treadmill, consisting of walking at 5.5  and with 20–22% of inclination until voluntary exhaustion to induce metabolic acidosis. After 7 minutes of recovery the participants performed an incremental test starting at 7% incline with increments of 2% at each 3 minutes until exhaustion. A polynomial modeling approach (LMp) and a visual inspection (LMv) were used to identify the LM as the exercise intensity associated to the lowest [bLac] during the test. Participants also underwent to 2–4 constant intensity tests of 30 minutes to determine the MLSS intensity.Results. There were no differences among LMv (%), LMp (%), and MLSS (%) and the Bland and Altman plots evidenced acceptable agreement between them.Conclusion. It was possible to identify the LM during walking tests with intensity imposed by treadmill inclination, and it seemed to be valid on identifying the exercise intensity associated to the MLSS.

Heart Rate-based Lactate Minimum Test in Running and Cycling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Perret ◽  
Kathrin Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Lactate Minimum

AbstractThe heart rate-based lactate minimum test is a highly reproducible exercise test. However, the relation between lactate minimum determined by this test and maximal lactate steady state in running and cycling is still unclear. Twelve endurance-trained men performed this test in running and cycling. Exercise intensity at maximal lactate steady state was determined by performing several constant heart rate endurance tests for both exercise modes. Heart rate, power output, lactate concentration, oxygen uptake and rating of perceived exertion at lactate minimum, maximal lactate steady state and maximal performance were analysed. All parameters were significantly higher at maximal lactate steady state compared to lactate minimum for running and cycling. Significant correlations (p<0.05) between maximal lactate steady state and lactate minimum data were found. Peak heart rate and peak oxygen uptake were significantly higher for running versus cycling. Nevertheless, the exercise mode had no influence on relative (in percentage of maximal values) heart rate at lactate minimum (p=0.099) in contrast to relative power output (p=0.002). In conclusion, all measured parameters at lactate minimum were significantly lower but highly correlated with values at maximal lactate steady state in running and cycling, which allows to roughly estimate exercise intensity at maximal lactate steady state with one single exercise test.

Determination of the exercise intensity corresponding with maximal lactate steady state in high-level basketball players

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Dragonea ◽  
Emmanuil Zacharakis ◽  
Stylianos Kounalakis ◽  
Nikolaos Kostopoulos ◽  
Theodoros Bolatoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Metabolic instability vs fibre recruitment contribution to the $${\dot{V}O_2}$$ slow component in different exercise intensity domains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro L Colosio ◽  
Kevin Caen ◽  
Jan G. Bourgois ◽  
Jan Boone ◽  
Silvia Pogliaghi
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Transient Phase ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Constant Work Rate ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Metabolic Instability

AbstractThis study focused on the steady-state phase of exercise to evaluate the relative contribution of metabolic instability (measured with NIRS and haematochemical markers) and muscle activation (measured with EMG) to the oxygen consumption ($${\dot{V}O_2}$$ V ˙ O 2 ) slow component ($${\dot{V}O_2}{_s}{_c}$$ V ˙ O 2 s c ) in different intensity domains. We hypothesized that (i) after the transient phase, $${\dot{V}O_2}$$ V ˙ O 2 , metabolic instability and muscle activation tend to increase differently over time depending on the relative exercise intensity and (ii) the increase in $${\dot{V}O_2}{_s}{_c}$$ V ˙ O 2 s c  is explained by a combination of metabolic instability and muscle activation. Eight active men performed a constant work rate trial of 9 min in the moderate, heavy and severe intensity domains. $${\dot{V}O_2}$$ V ˙ O 2 , root mean square by EMG (RMS), deoxyhaemoglobin by NIRS ([HHb]) and haematic markers of metabolic stability (i.e. [La−], pH, HCO3−) were measured. The physiological responses in different intensity domains were compared by two-way RM-ANOVA. The relationships between the increases of [HHb] and RMS with $${\dot{V}O_2}$$ V ˙ O 2  after the third min were compared by simple and multiple linear regressions. We found domain-dependent dynamics over time of $${\dot{V}O_2}$$ V ˙ O 2 , [HHb], RMS and the haematic markers of metabolic instability. After the transient phase, the rises in [HHb] and RMS showed medium–high correlations with the rise in $${\dot{V}O_2}$$ V ˙ O 2  ([HHb] r = 0.68, p < 0.001; RMS r = 0.59, p = 0.002). Moreover, the multiple linear regression showed that both metabolic instability and muscle activation concurred to the $${\dot{V}O_2}{_s}{_c}$$ V ˙ O 2 s c  (r = 0.75, [HHb] p = 0.005, RMS p = 0.042) with metabolic instability possibly having about threefold the relative weight compared to recruitment. Seventy-five percent of the dynamics of the $${\dot{V}O_2}{_s}{_c}$$ V ˙ O 2 s c  was explained by [HHb] and RMS.

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