The Relationship between VO2 and Muscle Deoxygenation Kinetics and Upper Body Repeated Sprint Performance in Trained Judokas and Healthy Individuals

The present study sought to investigate if faster upper body oxygen uptake (VO2) and hemoglobin/myoglobin deoxygenation ([HHb]) kinetics during heavy intensity exercise were associated with a greater upper body repeated-sprint ability (RSA) performance in a group of judokas and in a group of individuals of heterogenous fitness level. Eight judokas (JT) and seven untrained healthy participants (UT) completed an incremental step test, two heavy intensity square-wave transitions and an upper body RSA test consisting of four 15 s sprints, with 45 s rest, from which the experimental data were obtained. In the JT group, VO2 kinetics, [HHb] kinetics and the parameters determined in the incremental test were not associated with RSA. However, when the two groups were combined, the amplitude of the primary phase VO2 and [HHb] was positively associated with the accumulated work in the four sprints (ΣWork). Additionally, maximal aerobic power (MAP), peak VO2 and the first ventilatory threshold (VT1) showed a positive correlation with ΣWork and an inverse correlation with the decrease in peak power output (Dec-PPO) between the first and fourth sprints. Faster VO2 and [HHb] kinetics do not seem to be associated with an increased upper body RSA in JT. However, other variables of aerobic fitness seem to be associated with an increased upper body RSA performance in a group of individuals with heterogeneous fitness level.

Effect of Serpentine Channel Pouring Process on the Microstructure of Semi-Solid 6061 Aluminum Alloy Slurry

The semi-solid slurry of 6061 aluminum alloy was prepared by the serpentine channel pouring process. The influence of graphite serpentine channel and copper serpentine channel on the slurry was comparative analyzed. The effect of pouring temperature on the slurry microstructure was also investigated. The results indicate that both copper and graphite serpentine channel can be used to prepare semi-solid slurry with spherical primary grains. Compared with a permanent casting, the microstructure of the semi-solid slurry was significantly improved and refined. With the increase of pouring temperature, the average equivalent grain diameter of the primary phase grains in the semi-solid slurry increases gradually, but the shape factor decreases gradually. When the pouring temperature increased from 675 °C to 690 °C, a high quality semi-solid slurry can be obtained. Comparing the two kinds of serpentine channel, it is found that the copper serpentine channel can make the primary grains finer, and the average equivalent grain size was 63 μm. However, the solidified shell near the inner graphite serpentine channel surface was thinner than that of the copper serpentine channel. In conclusion, the graphite serpentine channel is more suitable for preparing semi-solid 6061 aluminum alloy slurry.

Comparative Study of Structures and Properties of Detonation Coatings with α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 Main Phases

This study is aimed at obtaining a coating of aluminum oxide containing α-Al2O3 as the main phase by detonation spraying, as well as a comparative study of the structural, tribological and mechanical properties of coatings with the main phases of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3. It was experimentally revealed for the first time that the use of propane as a combustible gas and the optimization of the technological regime of detonation spraying leads to the formation of an aluminum oxide coating containing α-Al2O3 as the main phase. Tribological tests have shown that the coating with the main phase of α-Al2O3 has a low value of wear volume and coefficient of friction in comparison with the coating with the main phase of γ-Al2O3. It was also determined that the microhardness of the coating with the main phase of α-Al2O3 is 25% higher than that of the coatings with the main phase of γ-Al2O3. Erosion resistance tests have shown (evaluated by weight loss) that the coating with α-Al2O3 phase is erosion-resistant compared to the coating with γ-Al2O3 (seen by erosion craters). However, the coating with the main phase of γ-Al2O3 has a high value of adhesion strength, which is 2 times higher than that of the coating with the main phase of α-Al2O3. As the destruction of coatings by the primary phase, α-Al2O3 began at low loads than the coating with the main phase γ-Al2O3. The results obtained provide the prerequisites for the creation of wear-resistant, hard and durable layered coatings, in which the lower layer has the main phase of γ-Al2O3, and the upper layer has the main phase of α-Al2O3.

Experimental Determination of Phase Equilibria in the Na2O-SiO2-WO3 System

The present study investigated phase equilibria in the Na2O-SiO2-WO3 system experimentally using high-temperature equilibration, quenching, and electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). New thermodynamic information on the Na2O-SiO2-WO3 system was derived based on the newly obtained experimental results and data from the literature. The primary phase fields of sodium metasilicate, sodium disilicate, and tridymite were determined along with the isotherms at 1073, 1173, and 1273 K. The solubilities of WO3 in SiO2, Na2Si2O5, and Na2SiO3, and the solubility of SiO2 in Na2WO4 were accurately measured using EPMA. Comparisons between the existing and newly constructed phase diagram were carried out and the differences are discussed. The phase equilibrium data will be beneficial to the future development of sustainable tungsten industries and thermodynamic modelling in WO3 related systems.

Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Food Packaging Defect Classification using Local Binary Pattern (LBP)

The motivation of this research is to automate the current food packaging inspection process by implementing the non-destructive approach. The current practices require human intervention where human vision tends to overlook the faulty on the package resulting in accuracy dilemma. Human also may be exhausted due to repeated activities. This paper provides the primary phase for effective automation of image classification solution implemented using Weka software. An evaluation of the performance of the Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest Neighbour (KNN) and Random Forest (RF) classification models for Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) food packaging defect image classification using a small sample of dataset and Linear Binary Pattern (LBP) as feature extraction algorithm is investigated. Four criteria have been used to evaluate the performance of each classification model which is accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision obtained from the confusion matrix table. The results indicate that SVM performs better than RF and KNN with 95% accuracy, 95% sensitivity, 72% specificity and 95% precision in classifying LDPE food packaging defect images.

Semantička adaptacija frekventnih germanizama u oblasti domaćinstva

The task of the analysis of adaptation processes is to describe which changes the foreign word has undergone in the primary phase, ie from the moment of borrowing to the formation of the basic form – which in contact linguistics is called replica – and which changes occur in the replica in the secondary phase, ie from the moment of integration in the language system of the recipient further. This paper analyzes the semantic adaptation of frequency Germanisms in the Bosnian language system and focuses on the conceptual field of “household”. The main goal is to determine the semantic changes that words taken from the German language undergo during the download and adaptation to the Bosnian language system. During the analysis, the contact linguistic methodology of Rudolf Filipović was used, in which the adaptation processes are divided into primary and secondary phases of adaptation. The comparative method compared the meanings of German models with the meanings of Bosnian replicas, and the changes were classified into three categories: zero semantic extension, narrowing of meaning and broadening of meaning. Based on the analysis of adaptive changes in the primary phase, it was determined that Germanisms were mostly taken over into the Bosnian language with their specific meanings, but the category of narrowing in the field of meaning was also noted. Unlike the primary adaptation, the secondary adaptation includes changes that occur on the formed replica. These changes are no longer associated with the German language because they are always related only with the Bosnian language system and its rules. This is evidenced by the examples of Germanisms in which in the phase of secondary adaptation there was an expansion of meaning through the use of metaphor, metonymy, pejorization, folk etymology and ellipse.

Phase Equilibria in the System CaO-SiO2-La2O3-Nb2O5 at 1400 °C

CaO-SiO2-La2O3-Nb2O5 system is of great significance for the pyrometallurgical utilization of Bayan Obo tailing resources. In the present work, the phase equilibrium of this quaternary system at 1400 °C was determined by a thermodynamic equilibrium experiment. On the basis of the recently determined CaO-La2O3-Nb2O5 phase diagram, some boundary surfaces of primary phase fields of CaO-SiO2-La2O3-Nb2O5 phase diagram were modified; then, the 1400 °C isothermal surface in the primary phase fields of SiO2, CaNb2O6, Ca2Nb2O7, and LaNbO4 was constructed, respectively. On this basis, CaO-SiO2-Nb2O5 pseudo-ternary phase diagrams with w(La2O3) = 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were determined, respectively. Considering the importance of equilibrium crystallization reaction type, we proposed a new rule named Tangent Line Rule to judge the univariant reaction type in the quaternary phase diagram. By applying Tangent Line Rule and Tangent Plane Rule previously proposed, some univariant and bivariant crystallization reaction types in the CaO-SiO2-La2O3- Nb2O5 phase diagram were determined, respectively. The current work can provide original data for the establishment of a thermodynamic database of Nb-bearing and REE-bearing slag system; the proposed Tangent Line Rule will promote the application of a spatial quaternary phase diagram.

456 A phase 1b/2 umbrella study of anti-PD-1 sasanlimab in combination with other therapies for patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): The LANDSCAPE 1011 trial in progress

BackgroundProgrammed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy have become a standard of care first-line therapy for Stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, many patients experience disease progression and require subsequent therapy within the first year of treatment.1 For patients requiring salvage chemotherapy, prognosis is poor, with a median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 4.0 and 8.5 months, respectively.2 Combinations of PD-1 blockade using sasanlimab (PF-06801591) and other immune and/or targeted therapies may be able to achieve clinical response in patients who have progressed on standard chemoimmunotherapy.MethodsLANDSCAPE 1011 (NCT04585815) is a prospective, open-label, multi-center, parallel group, phase 1b/2 umbrella study evaluating the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of sasanlimab in combination with other therapies, in patients with Stage IIIB/IV NSCLC. The study is expected to enrol ~375 patients age 18 years or older diagnosed with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC. During phase 1b, the safety of each sub-study combination with subcutaneous sasanlimab will be assessed and the recommended phase 2 dose determined for each combination. Phase 2 will further evaluate safety and anti-tumor activity of each combination using the respective recommended phase 2 dose (figure 1). Up to 5 parallel sub-studies are planned. Currently, 2 sub-studies are ongoing. Sub-Study A will investigate sasanlimab, encorafenib (a BRAF inhibitor), and binimetinib (a MEK inhibitor) in patients with BRAF^V600E mutations (only including treatment-naïve patients in phase 2). Sub-Study B will investigate sasanlimab, axitinib (a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor), and SEA-TGT (an anti-TIGIT antibody). In phase 2, this will involve treatment-naïve patients without oncogene drivers who have PD ligand 1-positive tumors or whose disease has progressed on prior immune checkpoint inhibitor-containing regimens. The primary phase 1b endpoint is the dose-limiting toxicity during the first cycle (28 days). The primary phase 2 endpoint in Sub-Study A is durable objective response (OR) defined as confirmed complete response or partial response lasting 10 or more months; and in Sub-Study B, OR defined as confirmed complete response or partial response, according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. Secondary endpoints include adverse events and laboratory abnormalities, duration of response, time to tumor response, PFS, OS, OR by PD-L1 expression at baseline, pharmacokinetic parameters, incidence of anti-drug antibodies and neutralizing antibodies, and health-related quality of life. The first patient was enrolled in November 2020.Abstract 456 Figure 1LANDSCAPE 1011 study overviewAcknowledgementsThis study was sponsored by Pfizer. Medical writing and editorial support was provided by Simon Stones at Engage Scientific Solutions, and funded by Pfizer. The authors would like to acknowledge the late Aron Thall, who was highly devoted to the execution and success of this study.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04585815ReferencesGandhi L, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Gadgeel S, et al. Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med 2018;378:2078–92.Herbst RS, Baas P, Kim DW, et al. Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2016;387:1540–50.Ethics ApprovalThe study is approved at each study site according to local regulations.

EFFECTS OF INJECTION SPEED ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN HIGH-PRESSURE DIE CASTING OF MG-RE ALLOY

In this study, in order to clarify the unknown physical properties of the Mg-Al-Th-RE alloy, the relationship between the injection conditions and the internal porosities and the mechanical properties exerted by the solidification microstructure were investigated. The obtained cast samples were investigated using X-ray CT internal measurements, tensile tests, Vickers hardness tests and solidification microstructure observations. The flow simulation and the X-ray CT analysis results showed that the porosity volume increased as the injection speed increases. The higher injection speed also affected the metal microstructure to become denser, which leads to a higher material strength and hardness. The eutectic phases quickly formed because of the shorter filled and cooled time. Therefore, the growth of the primary phase α-Mg was suppressed. On the other hand, it was considered that the material strength and hardness were greatly reduced by the coarse primary phase.

Genetic and Morphological Evidence to Split the Coris julis Species Complex (Teleostei: Labridae) Into Two Sibling Species: Resurrection of Coris melanura (Lowe, 1839) Redescription of Coris julis (Linnaeus, 1758)

The genus Coris contains 28 valid species, most of them with an Indo-Pacific distribution and only two species recognized from the eastern Atlantic: Coris atlantica and C. julis. This last species has a large variability in its coloration, which caused that during the first half of XIX century the sexes were considered as different species. Two liveries have been described for C. julis: (i) primary or “giofredi,” which corresponds to females and primary-phase males and is considered common for Atlantic and Mediterranean populations; and (ii) the secondary or “julis” which corresponds to secondary-phase males, which is different for Atlantic and Mediterranean populations. In this study we demonstrate the existence of two sibling species within the C. julis species complex. Morphological and molecular analyses showed that this species complex is composed of two species: (i) C. julis, distributed mainly in the Mediterranean, from which the species was originally described; and (ii) C. melanura, a species described by Lowe in 1839 which is resurrected here, mainly distributed in the eastern Atlantic and western Mediterranean. We also discuss the possible speciation event to understand the contemporary distribution patterns of Coris species in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean.