Hybrid Gradient Descent Grey Wolf Optimizer for Optimal Feature Selection

Feature selection is the process of decreasing the number of features in a dataset by removing redundant, irrelevant, and randomly class-corrected data features. By applying feature selection on large and highly dimensional datasets, the redundant features are removed, reducing the complexity of the data and reducing training time. The objective of this paper was to design an optimizer that combines the well-known metaheuristic population-based optimizer, the grey wolf algorithm, and the gradient descent algorithm and test it for applications in feature selection problems. The proposed algorithm was first compared against the original grey wolf algorithm in 23 continuous test functions. The proposed optimizer was altered for feature selection, and 3 binary implementations were developed with final implementation compared against the two implementations of the binary grey wolf optimizer and binary grey wolf particle swarm optimizer on 6 medical datasets from the UCI machine learning repository, on metrics such as accuracy, size of feature subsets, F -measure, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. The proposed optimizer outperformed the three other optimizers in 3 of the 6 datasets in average metrics. The proposed optimizer showed promise in its capability to balance the two objectives in feature selection and could be further enhanced.

Relationship Between Heart Rate, Oxygen Consumption, and Energy Expenditure in Futsal

The primary aim of this study was to compare the measured oxygen consumption (Measured-VO2) in a simulated futsal game (S-Game) with the estimated oxygen consumption (Estimated-VO2) through a regression equation between heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) (HR-VO2) in treadmill running, and a secondary aim was to calculate the total energy expenditure (EE) in S-Game. Ten professional players (22.20 ± 3.22 years) were evaluated. HR-VO2 was determined individually in the continuous test on the treadmill (ContTest). The Measured-VO2 in S-Game was compared with the Estimated-VO2 in the ContTest. Alactic and lactic pathways were estimated by VO2. The Estimated-VO2 presented no statistically significant difference with the Measured-VO2, using the paired t-test (p = 0.38). However, the correlation between Estimated- and Measured-VO2 was very weak (r = −0.05), and it presented poor agreement (concordance correlation coefficient = −0.04). In addition, a Bland–Altman plot presented bias of −2.8 ml/kg/min and individual difference as large as 19 ml/kg/min. The HR-VO2 determined by the ContTest was not a good individual predictor of VO2. The high intensity and intermittent nature of the futsal game possibly caused dissociation in the HR-VO2 relationship. ContTest is not recommended for estimating VO2 and calculating individual EE in the futsal game. This is recommended only for the group mean. The total EE in S-Game was 13.10 ± 1.25 kcal.min−1 (10.81 ± 1.57 metabolic equivalents). The contributions from the metabolic pathways were as follows: aerobic (93%), alactic (5%), and lactic (2%).

Brucellosis in Iranian buffalo: prevalence and diagnostic methods

The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Iran represent an important source of meat and milk products with high biological value. Given the importance of water buffalo in Iran and the prevalence of brucellosis as one of the most important zoonotic diseases in this ruminant species, this study summarized available data on history, epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of brucellosis in water buffalo from previous studies that have been carried out in Iran. According to the documented data, there are three main groups of Iranian buffalo, including the Khuzestan ecotype (Khuzestan province); the Azary ecotype (Western/ Eastern Azarbaijan and Ardabil provinces); and the North ecotype (Gylan and Mazandaran provinces). Preliminary studies conducted on Iranian buffaloes either by serological or molecular tools reported that buffaloes' infection occurred due to natural exposure to a wild strain of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. Previous studies dealing with brucellosis in Iranian buffalo are next to none. This review notifies the importance of reliable and detailed epidemiological investigations of Iranian buffaloes through continuous monitoring systems of the health status of buffalo populations. Continuous test and slaughter strategy, vaccination, and re-planning of veterinary activities are required to mitigate buffalo's role in disseminating and maintaining brucellosis in Iran.

CLOUD BASED MULTI-LANGUAGE INDEXING USING CROSS LINGUAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL APPROACHES

The exponential growth of data sizes created by digital media (video/audio/images), physicalsimulations, scientific instruments and web authoring joins the new growth of interest in cloud computing. The options for distribution and parallelization of information in clouds make the retrieval and storage processes very complicated, especially when faced with real-time data management. The quantity of Web Users getting access to data over Internet is expanding step by step. An enormous measure of data on Internet is accessible in various languages which could be accessed by anyone whenever. The Information Retrieval (IR) manages finding valuable data from a huge assortment of unorganized, organized and semi-organized information. In the present situation, the variety of data and language boundaries are the difficult challenges for communication and social trade over the world. To tackle such obstructions, CLIR, the cross-language information retrieval frameworks, are these days in solid interest. The Query Expansion (Q.E.) is the way toward adding related and important terms to original inquiry to upgrade its indexing ability to improve the significance of recovered files in CLIR. In this exploration work, Q.E. has been investigated for a Hindi-English and Kannada-English CLIR in that Hindi and Kannada queries are utilized to look through English docs. After the interpretation of query, recovered outcomes are positioned making use of OkapiBM25 to organize the most important doc at the top for expanding the significance of recovered docs using QE. We proposed architecture for Hindi-English and Kannada-English CLIR making use of QE. to improve the importance of recovered reports. In the primary investigation, QE. is performed with and without OkapiBM25 ranking. The outcomes show that the pertinence of recovered archives is higher with OKapiBM25 as contrast with the one without positioning. The work docs plainly demonstrate that the presentation of Hindi-English and Kannada-English CLIR framework can be improved altogether with query development using fitting terms located at suitable place and the recovered Snippets can incredibly fill in as the continuous test collection.

The Epistemic and Pragmatic Function of Dichotomous Claims Based on Statistical Hypothesis Tests

Researchers commonly make dichotomous claims based on continuous test statistics. Many have branded the practice as misuse of statistics, and criticize scientists for suffering from “dichotomania”. However, the role dichotomous claims play in science is not primarily a statistical one, but an epistemological and pragmatic one. The epistemological function of dichotomous claims consists in transforming data into factual statements that can falsify a universal statement. This transformation requires pre-specified methodological decision procedures such as statistical hypothesis testing (e.g., Neyman-Pearson tests). From the perspective of methodological falsificationism these decision procedures are necessary, as probabilistic statements (e.g. continuous test statistics) cannot function as falsifiers of substantive hypotheses. However, they are not sufficient since for dichotomous claims to have any implication regarding theoretical claims about phenomena, there should be a valid derivation chain linking theoretical, experimental and data models. The pragmatic function of dichotomous claims is facilitating scrutiny and criticism among peers by generating contestable statements, a process referred to by Popper as 'conjectures and refutations', through which we can determine which theories withstand scrutiny the best. Abandoning dichotomous claims to combat the misuse of statistics would not improve scientific inferences but will sacrifice these crucial epistemic and pragmatic functions.

Effect of the Different Ski Length on the Level of Anxiety at Novice Skiers

An efficient teaching of alpine skiing at the beginning of the teaching process should be the main goal of every ski instructor. In our research we were investigating the influence of different ski length on alpine skiing teaching process efficiency as well as on the level of state anxiety during the alpine skiing at ski novices. The research was conducted on 34 participants (19 men, 15 women). Experimental group had skis of 130cm length and 7m radius from brand Lusti. Skis are specialized for very short and aggressive turning including funcarving. Mean height of participants from the experimental group was 178,07cm (±10,89). Control group had skis of standard length according to a person´s height. Meat height of participants from the control group was 177,33cm (±6,87). Mean length of skis were 158,6cm and 14,05m radius. For our research following data were collected: pre-test, continuous test and post – test of state and trait anxiety. In this presented paper the main intention was to determine the effect of different ski length on state anxiety level at novice skiers. The data were acquired from the questionnaire STAI, which shows the level of anxiety (Künzell, S. & Müler, J., 2008; Koca, 2015). Based on the results we can say that teaching alpine skiing with usage of short skis might be less stressful for novice skiers than with usage of standard length skis.