Morphological variation in Bromus sect. Ceratochloa germplasm of Patagonia

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia N Massa ◽  
Kevin B Jensen ◽  
Steve R Larson ◽  
David J Hole
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
South American ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Nearly Continuous

South American representatives of Bromus sect. Ceratochloa make up a morphologically diverse group of grasses indigenous to the southern Andes of Argentina and Chile. The objectives of the present study were to describe patterns of morphological variation among 30 accessions representing six species (Bromus catharticus Vahl, Bromus coloratus Steud., Bromus lithobius Trin., Bromus mango E. Desv., Bromus stamineus E. Desv., and Bromus tunicatus Phil.) in a common garden, correlate morphological and previously obtained molecular data, and develop a taxonomic treatment within sect. Ceratochloa of South America. Plant materials included 28 hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) and 2 octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) accessions. Based on multivariate analyses of 24 characters, the two octoploid accessions formed an isolated, well-defined group, while the hexaploids formed two less-defined groups. Characterized by lemma awns longer than 3 mm, one group consisted of those accessions of B. coloratus, B. lithobius, and B. stamineus, whereas the other group consisted of B. catharticus, B. mango, and B. tunicatus. A significant Mantel test statistic (r = 0.70, P = 0.001) suggested a high correlation between morphological variation and DNA polymorphism. Taken together, our results indicated that the hexaploid complex should be described as a single variable species (B. cathar ticus), with two nearly continuous groups: B. catharticus subsp. catharticus (Vahl) Herter and B. catharticus subsp. stamineus (E. Desv.) Massa. Based on nomenclature priority and type specimen designations, the octoploid accessions should be described as Bromus coloratus.Key words: Bromus, morphology, multivariate analysis, Patagonia, taxonomy.

scholarly journals The Bostrychia tenella species complex: Morphospecies and genetic cryptic species with resurrection of B. binderi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Zuccarello ◽  
N Muangmai ◽  
Maren Preuss ◽  
LB Sanchez ◽  
SL De Göer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Genetic Species

© 2015 International Phycological Society. The question of whether morphological differences observed in specimens is due to multiple species or one variable species has always caused problems for taxonomists. The most recent taxonomic treatment of the 'Bostrychia tenella species complex' suggested that much of the morphological variation represented a single highly variable entity. We used molecular data from all three genomes to clarify the phylogeny, species status and phylogeography of samples collected worldwide and also in sympatry of this complex. Our data strongly support five genetic species in this complex, but only three morphological entities were recognized. The first, divided into two genetic species, fits characters associated with B. binderi, occasionally possessing short monosiphonous determinate laterals but lacking them most of the time. We therefore resurrect B. binderi, even though we could not assign a name to either of the two genetic species, as we are missing molecular evidence from the type specimen. One genetic species was morphologically recognized as B. montagnei. Another lineage consisted of the two genetic species that fall into a new circumscription of B. tenella, with long monosiphonous determinate laterals. Again we were unable to assign either of these two lineages to a type, nor could we find morphological differences between the two lineages. Many of the genetic species have worldwide distributions, except for B. montagnei, which appears to be restricted to the Americas. Our molecular-assisted taxonomy has helped clarify some of the morphological variation within the B. tenella species complex into three named species, but two cryptic species were still recognized that remain morphologically cryptic. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in 'Phycologia' on 2015-05-01, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/10.2216/15-005.1.

scholarly journals The Bostrychia tenella species complex: Morphospecies and genetic cryptic species with resurrection of B. binderi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Zuccarello ◽  
N Muangmai ◽  
Maren Preuss ◽  
LB Sanchez ◽  
SL De Göer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Genetic Species

© 2015 International Phycological Society. The question of whether morphological differences observed in specimens is due to multiple species or one variable species has always caused problems for taxonomists. The most recent taxonomic treatment of the 'Bostrychia tenella species complex' suggested that much of the morphological variation represented a single highly variable entity. We used molecular data from all three genomes to clarify the phylogeny, species status and phylogeography of samples collected worldwide and also in sympatry of this complex. Our data strongly support five genetic species in this complex, but only three morphological entities were recognized. The first, divided into two genetic species, fits characters associated with B. binderi, occasionally possessing short monosiphonous determinate laterals but lacking them most of the time. We therefore resurrect B. binderi, even though we could not assign a name to either of the two genetic species, as we are missing molecular evidence from the type specimen. One genetic species was morphologically recognized as B. montagnei. Another lineage consisted of the two genetic species that fall into a new circumscription of B. tenella, with long monosiphonous determinate laterals. Again we were unable to assign either of these two lineages to a type, nor could we find morphological differences between the two lineages. Many of the genetic species have worldwide distributions, except for B. montagnei, which appears to be restricted to the Americas. Our molecular-assisted taxonomy has helped clarify some of the morphological variation within the B. tenella species complex into three named species, but two cryptic species were still recognized that remain morphologically cryptic. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in 'Phycologia' on 2015-05-01, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/10.2216/15-005.1.

Morphological and chromosomal variation in Dodecatheon pulchellum (Primulaceae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2476-2483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri A. Suttill ◽  
Geraldine A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Alpine Habitats ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Ecological Differences

Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merr. is a widespread and morphologically variable species of western North America. Analysis of morphological variation, combined with chromosome counts and evidence from a transplant study, showed this species to consist of two subspecies. Subspecies cusickii is pubescent, mainly diploid, and occurs in the drier parts of the species range. The more variable ssp. pulchellum is glabrous to sparsely pubescent, mainly polyploid, and is widely distributed. Within ssp. pulchellum, three varieties can be recognized: the tall, many-flowered var. alaskanum, of wet, low-elevation habitats; the diminutive var. watsonii, generally of alpine habitats; and the intermediate and widely distributed var. pulchellum. Common garden studies indicate that size differences among these varieties have a genetic basis and that ecological differences exist in D. pulchellum even among morphologically similar forms. Key words: Dodecatheon, Primulaceae, systematics, morphology, chromosome numbers, common garden studies.

scholarly journals Molecular data reveal hidden diversity in the central Andean species Weberbauera spathulifolia (Thelypodieae: Brassicaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego L Salariato ◽  
Huber Trinidad ◽  
Asunción Cano ◽  
Fernando O Zuloaga ◽  
Ihsan A Al-Shehbaz
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
South American ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Andean Highlands ◽  
La Rioja ◽  
Entire Distribution

Abstract Weberbauera (Brassicaceae, tribe Thelypodieae) comprises 18 species distributed along the central Andes of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru. Of these species, W. spathulifolia has the largest geographical range in the genus, extending c. 3000 km along the Andean highlands from La Rioja Province in Argentina to Ancash Department in Peru. This species also shows the greatest morphological variation in the genus. However, whether this geographical and morphological variation represents one or more lineages remains unclear. In this study, we analyse W. spathulifolia across its entire distribution range using molecular, morphological and ecological data. Because there is no phylogenetic analysis for the genus, we generated a comprehensive molecular sampling using nuclear (ITS) and plastid (trnL-F and trnH-psbA) sequences for other Weberbauera spp. and representatives of South American Thelypodieae. Results support the presence of two different lineages within W. spathulifolia, one in the northern part of the species range and the other distributed across its southern and central range. In addition to the morphological differences and the allopatric distribution, these lineages also differ in their climatic niches. Therefore, we propose here to retain the northern lineage under W. spathulifolia and to treat the southern-central lineage under W. orophila, comb. nov. Phylogenetic placement of Weberbauera spp. among the South American Thelypodieae is also analysed and discussed. Results of this study contribute to understanding the biodiversity and evolution of the Andean Brassicaceae.

scholarly journals Loose Ends in the Cortinarius Phylogeny: Five New Myxotelamonoid Species Indicate a High Diversity of These Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with South American Nothofagaceae

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Salgado Salomón ◽  
Carolina Barroetaveña ◽  
Tuula Niskanen ◽  
Kare Liimatainen ◽  
Matthew E. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
South American ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
High Diversity

This paper is a contribution to the current knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution of South American Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray. Cortinarius is among the most widely distributed and species-rich basidiomycete genera occurring with South American Nothofagaceae and species are found in many distinct habitats, including shrublands and forests. Due to their ectomycorrhizal role, Cortinarius species are critical for nutrient cycling in forests, especially at higher latitudes. Some species have also been reported as edible fungi with high nutritional quality. Our aim is to unravel the taxonomy of selected Cortinarius belonging to phlegmacioid and myxotelamonioid species based on morphological and molecular data. After widely sampling Cortinarius specimens in Patagonian Nothofagaceae forests and comparing them to reference collections (including holotypes), we propose five new species of Cortinarius in this work. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated rDNA ITS-LSU and RPB1 sequences failed to place these new species into known Cortinarius sections or lineages. These findings highlight our knowledge gaps regarding the fungal diversity of South American Nothofagaceae forests. Due to the high diversity of endemic Patagonian taxa, it is clear that the South American Cortinarius diversity needs to be discovered and described in order to understand the evolutionary history of Cortinarius on a global scale.

Genetic diversity and morphological variability in Polygonum aviculare s.l. (Polygonaceae) of Iran

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Mosaferi ◽  
Masoud Sheidai ◽  
Maryam Keshavarzi ◽  
Zahra Noormohammdai
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Gene Exchange ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Molecular Investigation ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Issr Molecular Markers ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation

A molecular investigation was carried out on the variable species Polygonum aviculare using 109 plants from 12 Iranian populations. ISSR molecular markers were used for genetic study. AMOVA and Gst analyses revealed a high genetic variability both within and among populations. Mantel test showed positive significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance of populations. Structure and K-Means clustering revealed stratification ingenetic characteristics of accessions. Networking and reticulation analyses showed some degree of gene exchange among populations. Consensus tree based on morphological and genetic data separated some of these populations from the others suggesting the existence of new taxa within this species.

Clathrosporium retortum, a novel aeroaquatic fungus in the Sordariomycetidae (Ascomycota) from Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 239 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Larissa Bernardino Moro ◽  
Gregorio Delgado ◽  
Iracema Helena SCHOENLEIN-CRUSIUS
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Present Fungus ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

Clathrosporium retortum sp. nov., collected on submerged mixed leaf litter samples at Ilha do Cardoso State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil, is described based on morphological and molecular data. The fungus is characterized by forming whitish, dense, subglobose to irregular propagules, hyaline to subhyaline when young, subhyaline to dark brown at maturity, that are formed by densely interwoven conidial filaments with each conidial cell repeatedly branching bilaterally or occasionally unilaterally. Phylogenetic analyses using partial LSU nrDNA sequence data suggest that C. retortum belongs in the Sordariomycetes (Ascomycota) where it forms a well-supported clade with Clohesia corticola in the Sordariomycetidae, but its ordinal or familial placement remains unresolved. Its phylogenetic placement confirms the polyphyletic nature of aeroaquatic fungi like Clathrosporium, as it was distantly related to one available sequence in GenBank named as C. intricatum, the type species, which is phylogenetically related to the Helotiales (Leotiomycetes). However, due to lack of authenticity of the identity of this sequence with the type specimen of C. intricatum, a broad concept of Clathrosporium is tentatively adopted here to accommodate the present fungus instead of introducing a new genus. Beverwykella clathrata, Helicoön septatissimum and Peyronelina glomerulata are recorded for the first time from Brazil. Cancellidium applanatum and Candelabrum brocchiatum are new records for the state of São Paulo.

Six new species of Heteropriapulus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from South American fishes with an amended diagnosis to the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4290 (3) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALINE ANGELINA ACOSTA ◽  
LIDIANE FRANCESCHINI ◽  
ALINE CRISTINA ZAGO ◽  
TOMÁŠ SCHOLZ ◽  
REINALDO JOSÉ DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Accessory Piece ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
South American ◽  
Unique Shape

Heteropriapulus Kritsky, 2007 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae), which originally included only two species from the gills of loricariid catfishes, is reviewed and six newly described species from loricariids in the Paraná River basin in Brazil are added. Diagnosis of the genus is amended and a key to the species identification is provided. Heteropriapulus anchoradiatus n. sp. from Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg) (Hypostominae) differs from its congeners by having a long sclerotized vagina, ventral anchors with short shaft and conspicuous superficial root, and a conspicuous and robust postero-medial process on the dorsal bar; H. bitomus n. sp. from the same fish host differs by the presence of two pairs of sclerotized patches associated with the ventral anchors; H. falxus n. sp. from Hypostomus strigaticeps (Regan) (Hypostominae) and Hypostomus ancistroides (Ihering) (Hypostominae) is unique by the shape of the accessory piece composed of two strongly sclerotized subunits; H. microcleithrus n. sp. from P. ambrosettii differs by presenting the smallest length of the dorsal bar and unique shape of the longer subunit of the accessory piece resembling the ‘hammer and sickle’ shape; H. pterygoplichthyi n. sp. from the same host presents unique shape of the longer subunit of the accessory piece of the cirrus, which is represented by ‘two sickles’ jointed by the base; and H. semitortus n. sp. from Rhinelepis aspera Spix & Agassiz (Rhinelepinae) can be distinguished by the accessory piece composed of a single straight unit and a cirrus tube with the highest number of spiral rings at the proximal end (2½). First molecular data for this genus (partial sequences of the 28S rRNA gene) are provided including the type species H. heterotylus (Jogunoori, Kritsky & Venkatanarasaiah, 2004).  

No longer shipwrecked—Selkirkia (Boraginaceae) back on the mainland with generic rearrangements in South American “Omphalodes” based on molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 270 (4) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORBERT HOLSTEIN ◽  
JULIANA CHACÓN ◽  
HARTMUT H. HILGER ◽  
MAXIMILIAN WEIGEND
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
European Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Genus 2 ◽  
Eurasian Species ◽  
Group 1

The genus Omphalodes (Boraginaceae) has recently been shown to be polyphyletic. Two distantly related lineages have already been segregated into the genera Memoremea (Central Europe) and Nihon (East Asia), respectively. We expanded the taxon sampling in the Omphalodeae and confirm that the genus is still paraphyletic to the two monotypic genera Selkirkia from the Juan Fernández Islands off the coast of Chile and Myosotidium from Chatham Island off the coast of New Zealand, plus two South American species currently assigned to Cynoglossum, and one species recently segregated from the latter genus as Mapuchea. Four clades are retrieved in a narrowly delimited Omphalodes group: 1) Iberodes, the annual southwestern European species of Omphalodes s.l. that have been recently segregated into this genus, 2) Omphalodes s.str., perennial western Eurasian species (including the type species of the genus), 3) the North American species of Omphalodes, and 4) the southern hemispheric Myosotidium as sister to a monophyletic group with Mapuchea plus the two other South American species of “Cynoglossum” and the island shrub Selkirkia berteroi. We argue that the taxa of this latter clade are best placed into an expanded genus Selkirkia. Selkirkia then represents a morphologically coherent entity with glochidiate nutlets. Its considerable difference in vegetative morphology to Myosotidium is easily explained by the highly divergent habitats the respective plants occupy. Lectotypifications, illustrations, and descriptions are provided for Myosotidium and the species of the expanded genus Selkirkia.

Taxonomy of the Sylvilagus brasiliensis complex in Central and South America (Lagomorpha: Leporidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1599-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A Ruedas ◽  
Sofia Marques Silva ◽  
Johnnie H French ◽  
Roy Nelson Platt ◽  
Jorge Salazar-Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
Taxonomic Framework

Abstract A taxonomic framework for South American cottontail rabbits (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus) was recently published by Diersing and Wilson (2017). Although we agree with some of its taxonomic conclusions (e.g., species status for S. apollinaris and S. fulvescens), we disagree with others. We provide herein evidence supporting S. andinus as a valid species based on morphological characters and novel molecular data. We also provide details of the morphological characters of S. apollinaris and S. fulvescens that support separating these from S. brasiliensis. We adduce data suggestive to the effect that—absent any type material—S. defilippi is at best a nomen dubium. Finally, we provide evidence in support of recognizing additional Neotropical species of Sylvilagus. Un esquema taxonómico para los conejos sudamericanos (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus) fue recientemente publicado por Diersing y Wilson (2017). Aunque estamos de acuerdo con algunas de sus conclusiones (por ejemplo: estatus de especie válida para S. apollinaris y S. fulvescens), no estamos de acuerdo con las restantes conclusiones taxonómicas. Aportamos aquí pruebas convincentes sobre la característica naturaleza de los caracteres morfológicos y moleculares de S. andinus, pruebas que esgrimimos en apoyo de la hipótesis que esta última es una especie válida, así confirmando su escisión de S. brasiliensis. Proporcionamos detalles de los caracteres morfológicos de S. apollinaris y S. fulvescens que confirman la decisión taxonómica de asimismo separarlos de S. brasiliensis. Proporcionamos datos en aditamento que indican que a falta de cualquier material tipo para S. defilippi, este nombre es en el mejor de los casos un nomen dubium. Finalmente, ofrecemos datos y evidencia apoyando nuestras decisiones de reconocer un mayor número de especies Neotropicales de Sylvilagus que previamente se conocían.

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