scholarly journals Leaf damage has weak effects on growth and fecundity of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Andrew M. MacDonald ◽  
Peter M. Kotanen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Very High ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The Enemy Release Hypothesis predicts that exotic plants gain an advantage over native competitors by losing their natural enemies while invading new regions. However, this assumes that those enemies reduced the performance of these invaders in their native ranges, and this may not be true if an invader is highly tolerant of herbivory. We used a field experiment to test the herbivore tolerance of a North American annual, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), which is known to have lost insect herbivores while invading Europe. We clipped leaves to simulate damage by folivores and removed meristems to simulate apical mortality caused by stem borers, and measured the consequences for growth and reproduction. Stem biomass was only reduced by defoliation far in excess of native-range natural damage, while seed production was unaffected by our treatments. Severely damaged plants maintained seed production by allocating relatively more aboveground biomass to reproduction. These results suggest that for the most part, damage by natural enemies may have little impact on this highly tolerant plant; consequently, enemy release may not have provided a significant advantage to this species in Europe. As well, biological control by insect folivores is unlikely to succeed unless it results in very high levels of damage.

scholarly journals Managing glyphosate-resistant common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia): effect of glyphosate-phenoxy tank mixes on growth, fecundity, and seed viability

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichul Bae ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Marie-Josée Simard ◽  
Eric R. Page
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Common ragweed is one of the most important weeds in the soybean-producing areas of the United States and Canada. Recently, glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotypes have been reported in 15 states and one Canadian province. Reducing the proliferation of GR common ragweed biotypes is complicated by the high fecundity and complex seed germination behavior exhibited by this species. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of late herbicide applications for reducing seed production, seed weight, and seed viability of a GR common ragweed biotype. Herbicide treatments included: water control, glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, 2,4-D plus glyphosate, and dicamba plus glyphosate. Treatments were applied at the appearance of male flower buds (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemical industry scale [BBCH] 51) or at the early female flowering stage (BBCH 61 to 63). At BBCH 51, 2,4-D or dicamba applied alone or in a tank mix with glyphosate reduced seed production by an average of 80%. Conversely, seed production following these same treatments applied at BBCH 61 to 63 was not significantly different from when glyphosate was applied alone. At this stage of development, all herbicide treatments reduced seed viability relative to the control; however, treatments containing 2,4-D or dicamba resulted in significantly lower viability than when glyphosate was applied alone. These results suggest that the application of tank mixes containing 2,4-D or dicamba have the potential to limit seed production of GR common ragweed when applied on or before BBCH 51. The development of new technologies that facilitate the in-crop application of tank mixes containing 2,4-D or dicamba may therefore be an effective option for limiting population establishment, seedbank replenishment, and future spread of glyphosate-resistant alleles.

Influence of nitrogen and plant density on the growth and seed production of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Leskovsek ◽  
Avishek Datta ◽  
Andrej Simoncic ◽  
Stevan Z. Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Common Ragweed

scholarly journals A high diversity of mechanisms endows ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance in the invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvild Loubet ◽  
Laëtitia Caddoux ◽  
Séverine Fontaine ◽  
Séverine Michel ◽  
Fanny Pernin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Arable Weed ◽  
Target Site Resistance

AbstractAmbrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) is a globally invasive, allergenic, troublesome arable weed. ALS-inhibiting herbicides are broadly used in Europe to control ragweed in agricultural fields. Recently, ineffective treatments were reported in France. Target site resistance (TSR), the only resistance mechanism described so far for ragweed, was sought using high-throughput genotyping-by-sequencing in 213 field populations randomly sampled based on ragweed presence. Additionally, non-target site resistance (NTSR) was sought and its prevalence compared with that of TSR in 43 additional field populations where ALS inhibitor failure was reported, using herbicide sensitivity bioassay coupled with ALS gene Sanger sequencing. Resistance was identified in 46 populations and multiple, independent resistance evolution demonstrated across France. We revealed an unsuspected diversity of ALS alleles underlying resistance (9 amino-acid substitutions involved in TSR detected across 24 populations). Remarkably, NTSR was ragweed major type of resistance to ALS inhibitors. NTSR was present in 70.5% of the resistant plants and 74.1% of the fields harbouring resistance. A variety of NTSR mechanisms endowing different resistance patterns evolved across populations. Our study provides novel data on ragweed resistance to herbicides, and emphasises that local resistance management is as important as mitigating gene flow from populations where resistance has arisen.

scholarly journals Efficiency of glyphosate and ammonium glufosinate against common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in vineyards

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A. S. Golubev ◽  
I. P. Borushko ◽  
V. I. Dolzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Ammonium Glufosinate ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Krasnodar Region

The use of glyphosate (720-2880 g/h a.i.) and ammonium glufosinate herbicides (375-1500 g/h a.i.) to control of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) has been studied in trials (2013-2018) in the vineyards of Rkatsiteli, Liang and Cabernet Sauvignon in Abinsk district of Krasnodar region. Accounting of weeds was done by a quantitative method with counting the number of each weed species in each plot. Counts were performed before the treatment and in 15, 30 and 45 days after spraying. The effi cacy of herbicide was determined in relation to the untreated control and expressed as a percentage. The main evaluation criterion was the eff ectiveness of 100 % in one of the accounts or the average (for all counts) effi ciency of more than 90 %. The results showed that in 95 % of trials spraying of 1440 g/h of glyphosate 1440 g/h of glyphosate (a.i.) and higher ensured processing effi ciency exceeding 90 %. Herbicides such as Roundup, containing 360 g/l of isopropylamine salt, can be recommended for use to control of common ragweed in the application rate 4.0 l/ha. Destruction of all common ragweed observed when using not less than 600 g/h glufosinate ammonium. Thus, Herbicides such as Basta, containing 150 g/l of ammonium glufosinate, to control of common ragweed should be applied by fractional application vegetative weeds (2.5 l/h + 1.5 l/h).

scholarly journals Seed viability of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is affected by seed origin and age, but also by testing method and laboratory

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 193-221
Author(s):  
Rea Maria Hall ◽  
Bernhard Urban ◽  
Hana Skalova ◽  
Lenka Moravcová ◽  
Ulrike Sölter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Viability Test ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Set Up

Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an annual Asteraceae species native to North America which is highly invasive across Europe and has harmful impacts, especially on human health and agriculture. Besides its wide ecological range, particularly its high reproductive power by seeds is promoting its spread to various habitats and regions. To prevent further spread and to control the plant, the European Commission funded projects and COST-Actions involving scientists from all over Europe. A joint trial was set up comprising eight different laboratories from Europe to study seed viability variation in different seed samples. Three different testing methods (viability test with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), a germination test combined with a subsequent TTC test and a crush test) were tested within the EU-COST-Action SMARTER network to four different seed origins. The viability test results from different laboratories were compared for variation amongst tests and laboratories. The main aim was to optimise the reliability of testing procedures, but results revealed not only significant effects of seed origin and seed age on seed viability, but also considerable differences between the output of the individual testing methods and furthermore between laboratories. Due to these significant differences in the results of the testing labs, additionally a second test was set up. Twelve Austrian ragweed populations were used for TTC testing to obtain a precise adjustment of the testing method as well as a tight guideline for interpreting the results, particularly for the TTC state “intermediate” since a proper classification of TTC-intermediate coloured seeds is still a challenge when determining viability rates.

scholarly journals First Report of a Septoria sp. on Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in Europe

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 696-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gy. Bohár ◽  
I. Schwarczinger
Keyword(s):  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Voucher Specimen ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
History Museum ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Hungarian Natural History Museum

During a survey for potential biocontrol agents of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior (L.) Descourt) in 1997, plants exhibiting irregular, brown leaf spots were collected repeatedly from six roadside locations in Pest County, Hungary. Many pycnidia developed in the necrotic tissues on detached leaves after 2 days in moist chambers. Pycnidia were globose to slightly flattened, brown, thin walled, 58 to 100 μm in diameter, with a definite ostiole. Conidia were hyaline, filiform with 2 to 3 septa, and 22.0 to 38.0 × 0.7 to 1.3 μm in size. The fungus was isolated on potato dextrose agar and identified as a Septoria sp. To confirm pathogenicity, potted ragweed seedlings were sprayed with a suspension of 5 × 106 conidia per ml from pure cultures of the Septoria sp., placed in a dew chamber for 72 h, and then grown in a greenhouse at 16 to 24°C. After 2 weeks, inoculated plants developed small, brown lesions on leaves and leaf petioles. Three weeks after inoculation, necrotic lesions had enlarged to 1 to 3 mm in diameter with irregular, distinct margins and light brown centers. The lesions on the lower leaves were larger and more numerous than on leaves nearer the tops of the plants. Pycnidia developed on the senescent leaves after 1 month. Infected leaves became completely necrotic and occasionally entire plants died. The pathogen was reisolated from all inoculated plants, thus satisfying Koch's postulates. A voucher specimen was deposited at the Department of Botany of the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Buda-pest (No. BP 92081). Septoria ambrosiae Hemmi et Naito was described on ragweed in Japan (1), but our isolate is morphologically distinct from that species. This is the first report of a Septoria sp. on A. artemisiifolia in Europe. Reference: (1) N. Naito. Mem. Coll. Agric. Kyoto 47:41, 1940.

Insect Herbivores and Leaf Damage along Successional and Vertical Gradients in a Tropical Dry Forest

Biotropica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico S. Neves ◽  
Jhonathan O. Silva ◽  
Mário M. Espírito-Santo ◽  
Geraldo W. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Vertical Gradients

scholarly journals Illumina sequencing of the chloroplast genome of common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)

Data in Brief ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 606-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Nagy ◽  
Géza Hegedűs ◽  
János Taller ◽  
Barbara Kutasy ◽  
Eszter Virág
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Illumina Sequencing ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Common Ragweed
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