DNA barcoding reveals multiple overlooked Australian species of the red algal order Rhodymeniales (Florideophyceae), with resurrection of Halopeltis J. Agardh and description of Pseudohalopeltis gen. nov.

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 639-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Saunders ◽  
Brian McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcode ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Genetic Species

The DNA barcode (COI-5P) was used to investigate cryptic diversity among Rhodymenia spp. in southern Australia. Whereas eight species are currently recognized, we uncovered ca. 20 genetic species groups, phylogenetically assigned to four genera in two families. Procumbent specimens with molecular and anatomical signatures of the Fryeellaceae are assigned to Pseudohalopeltis tasmanensis gen. et sp. nov. Collections from Lord Howe Island recorded in the field as Rhodymenia / Fauchea sp. are assigned to the poorly known genus Microphyllum as Microphyllum robustum sp. nov. A cluster of species with distinct molecular and anatomical attributes is included in a resurrected Halopeltis J.G. Agardh, including Halopeltis australis (J. Agardh) comb. nov. (type species); Halopeltis austrina (Womersley) comb. nov.; Halopeltis cuneata (Harvey) comb. nov. [including Rhodymenia halymenioides (J. Agardh) Womersley]; Halopeltis gracilis sp. nov.; Halopeltis prostrata sp. nov.; and Halopeltis verrucosa (Womersley) comb. nov. Four additional species of Halopeltis from Lord Howe Island (LH1, LH2), Tasmania (TAS), and Western Australia are not characterized further. For Rhodymenia sensu stricto, similar levels of cryptic diversity were noted. Samples tentatively field-identified as “ Rhodymenia sonderi ,” but having affiliations to Rhodymenia rather than Halopeltis, are referred to Rhodymenia novahollandica sp. nov. Collections field-identified as R. obtusa are genetically distinct from that species and are assigned to Rhodymenia wilsonis (Sonder) comb. nov. Two highly divergent species currently identified as Rhodymenia leptophylla (LH from Lord Howe Island; TAS from Tasmania), as well as two additional cryptic previously unnamed taxa from South Australia (SA) and Victoria (VIC), are not characterized further.

A DNA barcode examination of the red algal family Dumontiaceae in Canadian waters reveals substantial cryptic species diversity. 1. The foliose Dilsea–Neodilsea complex and WeeksiaThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Systematics Research.

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 773-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Red Algal

The field of DNA barcoding is working towards generating a genetic system for the quick and accurate identification of eukaryotic species. For the more systematic minded, however, DNA barcoding offers a new approach towards screening and uniting large numbers of biological specimens in genetic groups as a first step towards assigning them to species and genera in an approach best termed “molecular-assisted alpha taxonomy”. This approach is particularly amenable in organisms with simple morphologies, a propensity for convergence, extensive phenotypic plasticity, and life histories with an alternation of heteromorphic generations. It is hard to imagine a group of organisms better defined by all of these traits than the marine macroalgae. In an effort to assess the utility of the DNA barcode (COI-5′) for testing the current concepts of biodiversity of marine macroalgae in Canada, a study to assess species diversity in the red algal family, Dumontiaceae, was initiated. Through this work I confirm the presence in Canadian waters of Dilsea californica (J. Agardh) Kuntze, Dilsea integra (Kjellman) Rosenvinge, and Neodilsea borealis (I.A. Abbott) Lindstrom of the Dilsea–Neodilsea complex, and Weeksia coccinea (Harvey) Lindstrom for the genus Weeksia . However, our work has uncovered two additional species of the former complex, Dilsea lindstromiae Saunders sp. nov. and Dilsea pygmaea (Setchell) Setchell, and an additional species of the latter, Weeksia reticulata Setchell, effectively doubling representation of these foliose dumontiacean genera in Canadian waters.

scholarly journals Reclassification, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of the Australian Species of Cicindela (Coleoptera : Cicindelidae)

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Freitag
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
North East ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
The North ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Ancient Lineage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Groups

Australian components of the subfamilies Collyrinae and Cicindelinae, tribes Collyrini, Megacephalini and Cicindelini, and genera Tricondyla Latreille, Megacephala Latreille, Distipsidera Westwood, Rhysopleura Sloane, Nickerlea W. Horn, and Cicindela Linne are distinguished in a key. For each of the first five genera, numbers of Australian species, geographical distributions, and habitats of the adults are described. Diagnostic characteristics are provided for the genus Cicindela Linne. Twenty-nine Australian species are arranged in seven species-groups as follows: the iosceles group, six species; the nigrina group, two species: the carnarvona, group (=subgenus Grandopronotalia W. Horn, genus Prothyma), one species, C. carnarvona, sp. et comb. nov.; the tetragramma group, seven species, including C. levitetragramma, sp. nov. (type locality, Western Australia, Port Hedland); the ypsilon group, four species; the igneicollis group, five species, including C. gairdneri, sp. nov. (type locality, South Australia, Lake Gairdner, south-west gulf); the semicincta group, four species, including C. parasemicincta, sp. nov. (type locality, South Australia, Wobna Mound Spring about 8km south-east of Coward Spring). Placement of the iosceles and carnarvona groups is discussed. A key is provided for all species and five subspecies. Species-groups, species, and subspecies are revised, described and illustrated, and the ranges of species indicated by maps. A history of the Australian species of Cicindela is derived, which comprises a reconstructed phylogeny, based on adult characteristics, and zoogeography based on patterns of geographical distributions of species-groups, ecological requirements, vicariance relations of sister groups, and climatic events of the past. It is concluded that five species-groups are endemic to Australia. Their origins are unknown, though geographical distributions indicate that four (iosceles, nigrina, tetragramma, carnarvona) are relicts of extinct Oriental lineages, and one (igneicollis) is relict of a south ancient lineage. Two species-groups (ypsilon, semicincta) are southernmost extensions of extant Oriental groups. Zoogeographical evidence suggests that most founding stocks invaded northern Australia through New Guinea during the Tertiary and Pleistocene, and speciation in the Pleistocene has been generated in the north-east by periodic retreats and invasions of the sea in the Gulf of Carpentaria during glacial and interglacial phases.

DNA barcoding as an aid for species identification in austral black flies (Insecta: Diptera: Simuliidae)

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Hernández-Triana ◽  
Fernanda Montes De Oca ◽  
Sean W.J. Prosser ◽  
Paul D.N. Hebert ◽  
T. Ryan Gregory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Species Groups

In this paper, the utility of a partial sequence of the COI gene, the DNA barcoding region, for the identification of species of black flies in the austral region was assessed. Twenty-eight morphospecies were analyzed: eight of the genus Austrosimulium (four species in the subgenus Austrosimulium s. str., three species in the subgenus Novaustrosimulium, and one species unassigned to subgenus), two of the genus Cnesia, eight of Gigantodax, three of Paracnephia, one of Paraustrosimulium, and six of Simulium (subgenera Morops, Nevermannia, and Pternaspatha). The neighbour-joining tree derived from the DNA barcode sequences grouped most specimens according to species or species groups recognized by morphotaxonomic studies. Intraspecific sequence divergences within morphologically distinct species ranged from 0% to 1.8%, while higher divergences (2%–4.2%) in certain species suggested the presence of cryptic diversity. The existence of well-defined groups within S. simile revealed the likely inclusion of cryptic diversity. DNA barcodes also showed that specimens identified as C. dissimilis, C. nr. pussilla, and C. ornata might be conspecific, suggesting possible synonymy. DNA barcoding combined with a sound morphotaxonomic framework would provide an effective approach for the identification of black flies in the region.

Mychodea and the Mychodeaceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) revisited: molecular analyses shed light on interspecies relationships in Australia’s largest endemic algal genus and family

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Gerald T. Kraft ◽  
Gary W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
Algal Genus ◽  
The Individual

The red algal genus Mychodea Hook.f. & Harv. is not only Australia’s largest wholly endemic macroalgal genus, it and the family Mychodeaceae (of which it is the sole member) appear to be the largest completely endemic algal genus and family from any continental landmass in the world. Kraft’s 1978 morpho-taxonomic monograph credited Mychodea with 11 species varyingly distributed between Geraldton, Western Australia, south and eastward across the coasts of South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania, and northwards into southern New South Wales. Dismissed or discounted was every former extra-Australian attribution of the genus. In the over 40 years since completion of the research, further explorations of marine habitats in Australia have uncovered additional species, and the application of molecular-assisted taxonomic and phylogenetic methodologies has now allowed a substantial refinement of Mychodea systematics. We here document 19 Mychodea species, for 16 of which we have molecular data that support inferences of probable species relationships. To the 11 species treated by Kraft we now add 4 that are recently discovered, resurrect 2 that were synonymised with a third species in his 1978 work, and treat 2 species-level Western Australian entities that remain unnamed for lack of sufficient reproductive material. Mychodea is characterised by elaborate vegetative structures and some of the most complex fertilisation, diploidisation and embryogenesis processes of any red alga, which we detail and illustrate. Distinguishing features of the individual species are highlighted, some of which are particularly unusual.

A DNA barcode survey of Schizymenia (Nemastomatales, Rhodophyta) in Australia and British Columbia reveals overlooked diversity including S. tenuis sp. nov. and Predaea borealis sp. nov.

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 859-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Saunders ◽  
Taylor C. Birch ◽  
Kyatt R. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Haida Gwaii ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
As Species ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Algal Genus

This project explored species diversity for the red algal genus Schizymenia in Australia and British Columbia, Canada, for which the only recorded representatives are S. dubyi (Chauvin ex Duby) J. Agardh and S. pacifica (Kylin) Kylin, respectively. Through a combination of CO1-5P, ITS, and rbcL sequence data, we uncovered overlooked diversity in both regions. Australian populations attributed to S. dubyi were actually a mix of an entity from the S. dubyi complex (closest matches for individuals from Argentina and Italy), a second species from the S. apoda (J. Agardh) J. Agardh complex (thus far known from Australia only), and finally individuals of the same S. dubyi mito/ITS-type introgressed with a different S. apoda rbcL type (plastid; closest matches China, Korea, and New Zealand). We resolved a complex of three closely related species for Schizymenia pacifica: Schizymenia pacifica sensu stricto, which is widely distributed in the Northeast Pacific; S. tenuis sp. nov., which is distributed throughout British Columbia with a predominantly northern distribution; and Schizymenia sp._1Cal, which is distributed from California to Oregon. As part of ongoing surveys of crustose red algae, we uncovered crustose sporophytes for three of the six Schizymenia genetic groups resolved here, and the sporophytic phase of a new species of Predaea from northern British Columbia, Predaea borealis sp. nov., for a single crustose (sporophyte) specimen from Haida Gwaii. This last result is particularly surprising, as species of Predaea are typically confined to lower latitudes in both the northern and southern hemispheres.

Karrabina gen. nov. (Cunoniaceae), for the Australian species previously placed in Geissois, and a synopsis of genera in the tribe Geissoieae

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. F. Hopkins ◽  
A. C. Rozefelds ◽  
Y. Pillon
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Species Groups

Comparison of the four species groups comprising the tribe Geissoieae (Lamanonia in South America, Geissois sensu stricto from islands in the south-western Pacific, and Pseudoweinmannia and Geissois in Australia) showed differences in the stipules, inflorescences and flowers. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggested that Geissois sensu lato is paraphyletic, with Australian Geissois being closer to Pseudoweinmannia than to New Caledonian Geissois. The name Karrabina is published to accommodate the Australian species formerly placed in Geissois, namely K. benthamiana Rozefelds & H.C.Hopkins and K. biagiana Rozefelds & H.C.Hopkins. Distinguishing characters for Karrabina are: four lateral stipules per node that vary from free to largely fused between and sometimes across the petioles; inflorescences with a variable number of metamers and racemes, with both median and lateral modules that always lack a median raceme; and pale flowers with five or six calyx lobes and shortly exserted stamens. Geissois s.s. differs in having: two intrapetiolar stipules per node; inflorescences consisting of few metamers and few racemes, with the modules being always lateral and possessing a median raceme; flowers with four red calyx lobes and prominently exserted stamens. The generic limits of Lamanonia and Pseudoweinmannia remain unchanged.

Systematics of the New Zealand longicorn beetle genus Oemona Newman with discussion of the taxonomic position of the Australian species, O. simplex White (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Ceram-bycinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 971 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEN LU ◽  
QIAO WANG
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
Island Species ◽  
Longicorn Beetle ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
First Time ◽  
North And South

The New Zealand longicorn beetle genus Oemona Newman is revised. A diagnosis, a redescription of the genus, and a key to all species are given. Four known species, O. separata Broun, O. simplicicollis Broun, O. hirta (Fabricius) and O. plicicollis Sharp, are redescribed and photographs of dorsal views of both sexes are provided. Terminalia of both sexes are illustrated and described for the first time. The Australian Lord Howe Island species, O. simplex White, is transferred from the genus Oemona to Ceresium Newman, and C. procerum Olliff is synonymised with O. simplex. Oemona occurs in both North and South Islands of New Zealand. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that Oemona be divided into two species groups, separata-group and hirta-group.

Assessment of the order Rhodymeniales (Rhodophyta) from British Columbia using an integrative taxonomic approach reveals overlooked and cryptic species diversity

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina V. Filloramo ◽  
Gary W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Genetic Species

Molecular-assisted alpha taxonomy using COI-5P and rbcL-3P was employed to reassess species diversity for the Rhodymeniales (Rhodophyta) in British Columbia. A total of 563 collections from British Columbia were resolved as 16 genetic species groups, whereas 13 were previously reported. Collections attributed to Botryocladia pseudodichotoma from British Columbia were resolved as distinct from collections of that species from California (type locality) and were assigned to Botryocladia hawkesii sp. nov. DNA sequence data also resolved an additional species of Fryeella. Although two species of Gloiocladia were recognized, genetic analyses resolved three: G. fryeana, G. laciniata, and Gloiocladia vigneaultii sp. nov. Data also resolved Gloiocladia media comb. nov. from California. For the genus Rhodymenia, where two species were expected, DNA sequence data resolved four. Both R. californica and R. pacifica were confirmed in British Columbia, whereas some collections field-identified as R. californica were genetically distinct and assigned to the novel species, Rhodymenia bamfieldensis sp. nov. Some collections initially identified as R. pacifica were assigned to the resurrected species R. rhizoides. Anatomical development for the monospecific genus Minium was also reassessed owing to that taxon’s assignment to the Fryeellaceae. Our investigation clarified the number of rhodymenialean species in British Columbia and resolved taxonomic and distributional uncertainties associated with some of these taxa.

A REVISION OF THE SYSTEMATICS OF ACALYMMA SENSU STRICTO BARBER (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) FROM NORTH AMERICA INCLUDING MEXICO

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (S112) ◽  
pp. 1-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Munroe ◽  
Ray F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Groups

AbstractThe systematics of Acalymma sensu stricto of North America including Mexico are revised. Acalymma sensu stricto is defined and distinguished from the other species groups of Acalymma. Sixteen species are discussed including four new species: A. blomorum, A. palomarense, A. invenustum, and A. luridifrons all from Mexico. Three new subspecies of A. blandulum (LeConte) are described: blandulum (LeConte) new status, nigriventre, and yucatanense. Acalymma coruscum costaricense Bechyné is placed as a synonym of A. innubum (Fabricius). Keys are presented to all species and subspecies. Habitus and male genitalia drawings are given for all species and distribution maps are given where appropriate.

Comparative morphology and species-groups of the oribatid mite genus Scapheremaeus (Acari: Oribatida: Cymbaeremaeidae), with new species from South Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2213 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. COLLOFF
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Semi Arid

The morphology of the genus Scapheremaeus Berlese, 1910 is reviewed and characters of taxonomic utility delineated. Based on the morphological review, some 13 species-groups are outlined based on major morphotypes. There are two main categories: i) species that have a complete circumdorsal scissure with plicate microsculpture on the circumnotogastral plate and strongly contrasting microsculpture (foveolae, ridges or tubercles) on the centrodorsal plate (plicate species-groups), and ii) species with the circumdorsal scissure complete, incomplete or absent but with little or no contrast in microsculpture between the central and lateral regions: typically both regions foveolate or reticulate (non- plicate species-groups). A catalogue of world species of Scapheremaeus is provided. Scapheremaeus petrophagus (Banks, 1906) is not a Scapheremaeus but belongs to an undetermined genus in the Ameronothroidea. Cymbaeremaeus cyclops Oudemans, 1915 is recombined to Scapheremaeus. Five new species are described (S. angusi sp. nov., S. cheloniella sp. nov., S. ewani sp. nov., S. lambieae sp. nov., and S. pulleni sp. nov.) from soil and litter habitats in semi-arid Mallee eucalypt vegetation at Bookmark Biosphere Reserve, South Australia. These are the first members of the genus Scapheremaeus to be described from Australia, though undescribed species have been recorded previously. All the new species are morphologically closely-related and belong to a single species-group: Carinatus.

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