NECTAR PRODUCTION AND ITS RELATION TO FRUITSET IN THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1675-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Wood ◽  
F. A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Nectar Concentration ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between nectar production and fruitset of blueberry is not significantly strong. Measurements of nectar volume and weight of nectar sugar were not correlated with fruitset, while nectar concentration showed a significant relationship [Formula: see text] in only 1 year out of 3. Constituent nectar sugars were not involved in the relative attractiveness to pollinators of the various blueberry clones studied or between blueberry and other plants in bloom at the same time. Pollinator attraction is inversely related to age of bloom.

scholarly journals Salvage of floral resources through re-absorption before flower abscission

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham H. Pyke ◽  
Zong-Xin Ren ◽  
Judith Trunschke ◽  
Klaus Lunau ◽  
Hong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Floral Resources ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Flower Colours ◽  
Nectar Concentration ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Floral Resource ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Plants invest floral resources, including nectar and pigment, with likely consequent reproductive costs. We hypothesized that plants, whose flowers abscise with age, reabsorb nectar and pigment before abscission. This was tested with flowers of Rhododendron decorum, which has large, conspicuous white flowers that increasingly abscise corollas as flowers age. As this species is pollinated by bees, we also hypothesized that nectar concentration would be relatively high (i.e., > 30% wt/vol) and petals would contain UV-absorbing pigment. Floral nectar volume and concentration were sampled on successive days until abscission (up to ten days old, peak at five days) and for sub-sample of four-day-old flowers. Flowers just abscised were similarly sampled. Flower colours were measured using a modified camera, with recordings of spectral reflectance for abscised and open non-abscised flowers. Pigment content was summed values of red, green, blue channels of false color photos. As expected, flowers reabsorbed almost all nectar before abscission, separately reabsorbing nectar-sugar and nectar-water, and petals contained UV-absorbing pigment. However, flowers did not reabsorb pigment and nectar-concentration was < 30% wt/vol. That flowers reabsorb nectar, not pigment, remains unexplained, though possibly pigment reabsorption is uneconomical. Understanding floral resource reabsorption therefore requires determination of biochemical mechanisms, plus costs/benefits for individual plants.

Rewards 2: The Biology of Nectar

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Willmer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Water Reward ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Floral Reward ◽  
Nectar Concentration

This chapter examines the biology of nectar, the main secondary floral reward in an evolutionary sense. As a commodity, nectar is easy for plants to produce and easy for animals to handle; its sugars are simple to metabolize and thus to use as a readily available fuel for an animal’s activities. Nectar is a crucial factor in determining the interactions of flowers and their visitors. The chapter first provides an overview of how floral nectar is produced in a nectary before discussing nectar secretion, the chemical composition of nectar, and nectar volume. It then considers nectar concentration and viscosity, nectar as a sugar and energy reward, and nectar as a water reward. It also explores daily, seasonal, and phylogenetic patterns of nectar production, how flowers control their nectar and their pollinators, and problems in measuring and quantifying nectar. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the costs of nectar gathering.

scholarly journals Canopy Position, Defoliation, and Girdling Influence Apple Nectar Production

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Campbell ◽  
Richard D. Fell ◽  
Richard P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Nectar Sugar

Flowering spurs located at interior and exterior canopy positions of `Stay-man' and `Delicious' apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) trees were girdled and/or defoliated to determine the influence on nectar production and composition. Nectar volume was less at exterior than interior canopy positions for `Delicious', but not for `Stayman'. Girdling suppressed nectar production by 92% and reduced the sugar concentration of the remaining nectar. Defoliation of nongirdled spurs had no effect on nectar sugar concentration, but defoliation of girdled spurs reduced nectar sugar concentration by 24%. Relative percentages of sucrose, glucose, and fructose, and the sucrose: hexose ratio were unaffected by any treatment. Nectar production of nongirdled spurs did not depend on the presence of spur leaves.

Nectar secretion pattern and removal effects in three species of Solanaceae

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1394-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Galetto ◽  
Luis Bernardello
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Production ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Nicotiana Glauca ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flower Age ◽  
Nicotiana Longiflora ◽  
Nectar Sugar

Nectar secretion pattern and effects of nectar removal were compared in three Argentinean Solanaceae: Nicotiana glauca, which is hummingbird pollinated, and Nicotiana longiflora and Petunia axillaris, which are sphinx moth pollinated. Nectar volume, concentration, and sugar production were measured at different time intervals according to the species' flower life span. Nectar volume and total sugar production increased as a function of flower age in both species of Nicotiana analyzed; however, these parameters were quite stable in P. axillaris. This species produced less nectar and nectar sugar than the other two. When all sets with nectar removal were compared with the controls, significant differences were found in nectar volume and quantity of nectar sugar in N. longiflora, and in sugar concentration in P. axillaris. In the latter, the observed difference did not affect the total amount of sugar secreted. Nicotiana glauca did not show any significant difference in the parameters analyzed. Total nectar production was inhibited by periodic removal in N. longiflora, while in N. glauca and P. axillaris it was unaffected. Key words: nectar secretion pattern, nectar removal, Nicotiana, Petunia, Solanaceae.

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AGE OF INFLORESCENCE AND NECTAR PRODUCTION IN THE LOW-BUSH BLUEBERRY VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
The Mean

Nectar samples were harvested daily from exposed and caged portions of the low-bush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium (varieties laevifolium House and nigrum (Wood) Dole). Pollination activity on the exposed bloom had no significant effect on mean nectar volume and concentration but caused a slight reduction in the mean weight of nectar sugar. Nectar volume and weight of nectar sugar increased directly with the age of inflorescence in all clones.

scholarly journals Might Heterostyly Underlie Spider Occurrence on Inflorescences? A Case Study ofPalicourea rigida(Rubiaceae), a Common Shrub from Brazilian Cerrado

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Diniz ◽  
Everton Tizo-Pedroso ◽  
Denise Lange ◽  
Andréa Andrade Vilela ◽  
Danielle G. Justino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Inflorescence Architecture ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Palicourea Rigida ◽  
Nectar Concentration ◽  
The Relationship

We carried out a research on thePalicourea rigida(Rubiaceae) inflorescences, a distylous shrub of Brazilian Cerrado. Our objective was to compare the inflorescence architectural complexity and its quality in the two floral morphs and search for any relationship with spider occurrence. In order to assess the quality of inflorescence resources, we quantified the nectar volume and its sugar concentration and the number of fruits and flowers (intact and aborted) for both inflorescence morphs with and without spiders. For the architectural heterogeneity, we quantified floral structures and inflorescence levels of branching. Spider occurrence was higher in longistylous inflorescences than in brevistylous ones. The sampled spiders were classified into the guilds ambushers, jumpers, or orb-weavers. Ambushers, jumpers, and total richness were much higher among longistylous inflorescences. We found no difference between morphs neither in volume or nectar concentration nor in amount of fruits and flowers. However, longistylous inflorescences presented greater architectural heterogeneity than brevistylous ones. Therefore, we suggested that architectural heterogeneity is an important factor underlying the occurrence of cursorial spiders onP. rigidainflorescences, which possibly arose from the relationship between refuge availability and inflorescence architecture.

Predicting the Dose of Warfarin for Therapeutic Anticoagulation

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 230-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
N K Sharma ◽  
P A Routledge ◽  
M D Rawlins ◽  
D M Davies
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Maintenance Dose ◽  
Warfarin Dose ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Therapeutic Anticoagulation ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anticoagulant Response

SummaryThe validity of a previously described technique for predicting warfarin requirements based on the anticoagulant response to a fixed loading dose was assessed prospectively in 57 patients. There was a close relationship between the predicted and initially observed daily warfarin dose required to maintain the patient within the therapeutic range for anticoagulation. The significant relationship between predicted and observed maintenance dose persisted at 4 and 12 weeks although it decreased with increasing time.The relationship between observed and predicted maintenance requirement of warfarin was not affected by the concomitant use of intermittent intravenous injections of heparin when 9 hr was allowed to elapse between the previous dose of heparin and the thrombotest estimation on which the prediction was based.It is concluded that the method is valuable in predicting an individual’s warfarin requirement, although it does not obviate the need for regular monitoring of anticoagulant control.

EL NINO RELATED CLIMATE AND DENGUE FEVER CASES IN JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MASROOR ALI KHAN ◽  
KHALID AL GHAMDI ◽  
JAZEM A. MEHYOUB ◽  
RAKHSHAN KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
The Relationship

The focus of this study is to find the relationship between El Nino and dengue fever cases in the study area.Mosquito density was recorded with the help of light traps and through aspirators collection. Climate data were obtained from National Meteorology and Environment centre. (Year wise El Nino and La Nina data are according to NOAA & Golden Gate Weather Services). Statistical methods were used to establish the correlation coefficient between different factors. A high significant relationship was observed between Relative Humidity and Dengue fever cases, but Aedes abundance had no significant relationship with either Relative humidity and Temperature. Our conclusion is that the El Nino does not affect the dengue transmission and Aedes mosquito abundance in this region, which is supported by earlier works.

ÖRGÜTLERDE ÖRGÜTSEL BOLLUĞUN GİRİŞİMSEL ORYANTASYON ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurdan Gürkan ◽  
Ahmet Ferda Çakmak
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Organizational Slack ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of entrepreneurial orientation, which emerges with the development of strategic management, refers to entrepreneurship orientations of businesses. The businesses need resources in other words organizational slack in order to develop their entrepreneurial trends. The organizational slack consists of three slack type. These slack types are available slack, recoverable slack and potential slack. The purpose of this study is to examine whether organizational slack in the businesses has an effect on entrepreneurial orientation. The relationship between organizational slack and entrepreneurial orientation was investigated through 20 companies that were traded in Borsa Istanbul Corporate Governance Index for 2010-2014 period using panel data analysis method. The results of the study indicate the existence of a statistically significant relationship between and the available slack and the recoverable slack with the entrepreneurial orientation in the businesses. According to findings; there was no statistically significant relationship between potential slack and entrepreneurial orientation.

The influence of Herzberg’s motivator factor on employees’ organizational citizenship behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Noorlaila Yunus ◽  
Cairul Azwa Azimi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Civic Virtue ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Achievement Growth ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship

Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) has been widely studied across the boarders especially in the western countries. This workplace voluntary behaviour is associated with many predictors that may bring whether major, minor or negative influence towards the engagement of employees’ OCB. Basically, this study is focusing on motivation as the predictor or independent variable that influence employees’ engagement on the OCB (altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy, civic virtue and sportsmanship) behaviour. Herzberg’s motivator factor (achievement, advancement, recognition and growth) has been chosen as the independent variable. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed conveniently to respondents. With 125 questionnaires returned, researcher was able to analyze the data based on the research questions and hypotheses developed. The findings showed moderate and weak, significant relationship between the variable excluding the relationship between independent variable and civic virtue and sportsmanship. Thus, Herzberg’s motivator factor was not a predictor to civic virtue and sportsmanship behaviour. However for the strongest predictor; achievement, growth and growth are strongly predicts the altruism, conscientiousness and courtesy behaviour respectively. However, with the absence of relationship between independent variable and civic virtue as well as sportsmanship, therefore the strongest predictor cannot be determined as the value recorded was below the criterion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document