SURFACTANTS AS FUNGICIDES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1335-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Forsyth
Keyword(s):  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Irreparable Damage

The cationic (Hyamine 3500, Cyprex, or dodine, and Triton X-400), anionic (Atlox G-3300 and Santomerse), and non-ionic (Tritons X-100, X-114, and B-1956 as well as Tween 81) surfactants were compared as inhibitors of respiration, as agents promoting the passage of amino acids out of spores into the surrounding medium, and as inhibitors of germination of the spores of one or more of the test organisms Monilinia fructicola, Alternaria solani, Puccinia recondita, and Puccinia coronata. The loss of cell constituents by leakage caused by the various surfactants paralleled their efficacy as fungicides against A. solani. Although the surfactants do cause reduction in respiration rates paralleling their fungicidal activity, the effect of the compounds on respiratory or other enzyme systems is considered to be secondary to the irreparable damage caused to the semipermeable outer membrane of the cytoplasm. The cations Ni++ and Cu++ were compared with the surfactants as inhibitors of respiration and as stimulators of cell leakage.

FUNGICIDAL ACTION AS AFFECTED BY INTERACTION OF NICKEL CHLORIDE, NABAM, ZINEB, AND ZINC SULPHATE

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Forsyth ◽  
C. H. Unwin
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Chloride Hexahydrate ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Test Organisms

Protectant fungicidal action of mixtures of nabam, zineb, nickel chloride, and zinc sulphate was evaluated by means of a "microbeaker method" and the slide germination method, using as test organisms the fungi causing leaf rust of wheat, crown rust of oats, early blight of tomatoes, and brown rot of peaches. All of the fungicides tested were more effective against the two rusts than against the organisms causing early blight and brown rot. The relatively insoluble nickel ethylenebisdithiocarbamate was much less effective than the other chemicals tested. Ratios (w/w) of nickel chloride hexahydrate to zineb around unity and to nabam plus zinc sulphate from 2–10 to 1 showed an unfavorable effect on fungitoxic activity against urediospores of P. recondita. The ratio showing greatest antagonism varied, depending on the test organism used and whether or not tankmix or wettable powder zineb was used. The formation of nickel ethylenebisdithiocarbamate in the aqueous solution and its low fungicidal activity adequately explain the results obtained.

scholarly journals Dimethylnitrosamine demethylation by reconstituted liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzyme system

1975 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Lotlikar ◽  
W J Baldy ◽  
E N Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Microsomal Cytochrome ◽  
Cytochrome C Reductase ◽  
Oxidative Demethylation ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Nadph Cytochrome C Reductase ◽  
Demethylation Activity

Oxidative demethylation of dimethylnitosamine was studied with both reconstituted and unresolved liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzyme systems from rats and hamsters. Proteinase treatment of liver microsomal preparations yielded cytochrome P-450 particulate fractions. Both cytochrome P-450 and NADPH- cytochrome c reductase fractions were required for optimum demethylation activity. Particulate cytochrome P-450 fractions were more effecient than either Triton X-100- or cholatesolubilized preparations of these particles in demethylation activity with rat and hamster liver preparations appear to be due to differences in specificity in their cytochrome P-450 fractions.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of Pyrazolecarboxamide Containingα-Aminoacetanilide Moiety

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yong Fang ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Xiao-Dong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

A series of pyrazolecarboxamides containingα-aminoacetanilide moiety (4) were synthesized. These compounds were characterized by IR, MS and1H NMR. Their fugicidal activities againstRhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Monilinia fructicolaandAlternaria brassicaewere evaluated. The results show that compound 4l and 4p, which bear only one electron-donating group on thepara-position of phenyl or benzyl group, possessed excellent inhibitory activities against the above four fungi.

scholarly journals In Vitro Fungicidal Activity of Acidic Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Buck ◽  
M. W. van Iersel ◽  
R. D. Oetting ◽  
Y.-C. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Plant Surfaces

Acidic electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water, generated by electrolysis of a dilute salt solution, recently gained attention in the food industry as a nonthermal method for microbial inactivation. Our objective was to determine if EO water has potential to control foliar diseases in greenhouses. Test fungi suspended in distilled water were combined with EO water (1:9 water:EO water) for various time periods, the EO water was neutralized, and germination was assessed after 24 h. Germination of all 22 fungal species tested was significantly reduced or prevented by EO water. All relatively thin-walled species (e.g., Botrytis, Monilinia) were killed by incubation times of 30 s or less. Thicker-walled, pigmented fungi (e.g., Curvularia, Helminthosporium) required 2 min or longer for germination to be reduced significantly. Dilution of EO water with tap water at ratios of 1:4 and 1:9 (EO:tap water) decreased efficacy against Botrytis cinerea. The presence of Triton X-100 (all concentrations) and Tween 20 (1 and 10%) eliminated the activity of EO water against B. cinerea. EO water did not damage geranium leaf tissue and inhibited lesion development by B. cinerea when applied up to 24 h postinoculation. EO water has a wide fungicidal activity which could facilitate its use as a contact fungicide on aerial plant surfaces and for general sanitation in the greenhouse.

Synthesis and fungicidal activity of dehydroabietyl-1,2,4-triazolo-thiazolidinones

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Tang Xu ◽  
Xian-Li Ma ◽  
Wen-Gui Duan ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Bo Cen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
C Nmr

Abstract In search of novel potent bioactive compounds, a series of novel dehydroabietic acid derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo-thiazolidinone moieties were designed and synthesized. Seven compounds were synthesized of the type 6-substituted benzylidene-3-dehydroabietyl-thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazol-5-ones. To this purpose a condensation reaction was performed with 3-dehydroabietyl-thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazol-5-one and various aromatic aldehydes. All the title compounds were analyzed and characterized by means of IR, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. A preliminary bioassay showed that, at a concentration of 50 μg ml-1, the target compounds exhibited the best fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) of the five fungi tested (F. oxysporum f. cucumerinum, Alternaria solani, Physalospora piricola, Cercospora arachidicola, and F. graminearum).

Comparison of the effects of three fluorocarbons on certain bacteria

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. W. Van Auken ◽  
J. Healy ◽  
A. J. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Three fluorocarbons were tested to determine their effect on bacterial growth. Freon 11 and 21 in various concentrations had an inhibitory effect on selected test organisms, but Freon 22 had no effect. Both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, as well as gram-positive and gram-negative species, were included among the bacteria tested. Freon 11 and 21 caused a similar response with Freon 11 being more inhibitory to some species and Freon 21 more inhibitory to others. Inhibition was dependent on the concentration of the halocarbon and resulted in decreased respiration rates at all concentrations tested. Results reported here indicate that the action of the fluorocarbons tested is bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic. Serratia marcescens and Clostridium botulinum were the species most sensitive to the halocarbons tested.

THE FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY OF METHYL BROMIDE

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Munnecke ◽  
R. A. Ludwig ◽  
R. E. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Glass Fiber Filter ◽  
Germination Medium ◽  
Fiber Filter

Spores of Alternaria solani carried on glass fiber filter disks were employed in a study of the fungicidal activity of the fumigant, methyl bromide. Following exposure to the fumigant the disks, carrying the spores, were placed in a spore germination medium and the results subsequently evaluated by direct mortality counts. Linear probit-log dose regression lines were obtained by this procedure. The effectiveness of the fumigant was found to be dependent on the vapor pressure of water in the atmosphere and to be independent of temperature. The results suggest that humidity operates through its effect on spore hydration.

The Fine Structure of Rat Granulosa Cell Cultures Correlated with Progestin Secretion

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
T. M. Crisp ◽  
F.R. Denys
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin

The purpose of this paper is to present observations on the fine structure of rat granulosa cell cultures grown in the presence of an adenohypophyseal explant and to correlate the morphology of these cells with progestin secretion. Twenty-six day old immature female rats were given a single injection of 5 IU pregnant mares serum gonadotropin (PMS) in order to obtain ovaries with large vesicular follicles. At 66 hrs. post-PMS administration (estrus indicated by vaginal smear cytology), the ovaries were removed and placed in a petri dish containing medium 199 and 100 U penicillin/streptomycin (P/S)/ml. Under a 20X magnification dissecting microscope, some 5-8 vesicular follicles/ovary were punctured and the granulosa cells were expressed into the surrounding medium. The cells were transferred to centrifuge tubes and spun down at 1000 rpm for 5 mins.

SEM of non-coated hepatocellular cytoskeleton of perfused livers

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
S.W. French ◽  
N.C. Benson ◽  
C. Davis-Scibienski
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Detergent Extraction ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Excised Tissue

Previous SEM studies of liver cytoskeletal elements have encountered technical difficulties such as variable metal coating and heat damage which occurs during metal deposition. The majority of studies involving evaluation of the cell cytoskeleton have been limited to cells which could be isolated, maintained in culture as a monolayer and thus easily extracted. Detergent extraction of excised tissue by immersion has often been unsatisfactory beyond the depth of several cells. These disadvantages have been avoided in the present study. Whole C3H mouse livers were perfused in situ with 0.5% Triton X-100 in a modified Jahn's buffer including protease inhibitors. Perfusion was continued for 1 to 2 hours at ambient temperature. The liver was then perfused with a 2% buffered gluteraldehyde solution. Liver samples including spontaneous tumors were then maintained in buffered gluteraldehyde for 2 hours. Samples were processed for SEM and TEM using the modified thicarbohydrazide procedure of Malich and Wilson, cryofractured, and critical point dried (CPD). Some samples were mechanically fractured after CPD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document