Changes in soluble proteins of cinnamon fern leaves during development

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1479-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Caponetti ◽  
William H. Harvey ◽  
A. E. DeMaggio
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Young Leaf ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Fern Leaves

The complement of soluble proteins contained in the five annual leaf sets and the apical region of the shoot of cinnamon fern, Osmunda cinnamomea L., has been determined using disc electrophoresis. The apical region and the very young leaf primordia contained high and comparable numbers of soluble proteins. Older primordia and mature leaves contained progressively fewer soluble proteins, except that the number of proteins increased in the oldest sets of leaves. These findings are discussed in relation to the results reported for the leaves of some flowering plants.

scholarly journals The SOC1-like gene BoMADS50 is associated with the flowering of Bambusa oldhamii

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Hou ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Tengfei Ma ◽  
Jialong Pei ◽  
Zhongyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Activation Functions ◽  
Regulatory Activity ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Sporadic Flowering ◽  
Bamboo Flowering ◽  
Bambusa Oldhamii

AbstractBamboo is known for its edible shoots and beautiful texture and has considerable economic and ornamental value. Unique among traditional flowering plants, many bamboo plants undergo extensive synchronized flowering followed by large-scale death, seriously affecting the productivity and application of bamboo forests. To date, the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering characteristics has remained unknown. In this study, a SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1)-like gene, BoMADS50, was identified from Bambusa oldhamii. BoMADS50 was highly expressed in mature leaves and the floral primordium formation period during B. oldhamii flowering and overexpression of BoMADS50 caused early flowering in transgenic rice. Moreover, BoMADS50 could interact with APETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL)-like proteins (BoMADS14-1/2, BoMADS15-1/2) in vivo, and the expression of BoMADS50 was significantly promoted by BoMADS14-1, further indicating a synergistic effect between BoMADS50 and BoAP1/FUL-like proteins in regulating B. oldhamii flowering. We also identified four additional transcripts of BoMADS50 (BoMADS50-1/2/3/4) with different nucleotide variations. Although the protein-CDS were polymorphic, they had flowering activation functions similar to those of BoMADS50. Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays subsequently showed that both BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 bind to the promoter fragment of itself and the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP)-like gene BoSVP, but only BoMADS50-1 can positively induce their transcription. Therefore, nucleotide variations likely endow BoMADS50-1 with strong regulatory activity. Thus, BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1/2/3/4 are probably important positive flowering regulators in B. oldhamii. Moreover, the functional conservatism and specificity of BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 might be related to the synchronized and sporadic flowering characteristics of B. oldhamii.

Sorbitol Versus Sucrose as Photosynthesis and Translocation Products in Developing Apricot Leaves

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Bieleski ◽  
RJ Redgwell
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Development ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Young Leaf ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Specific Transport ◽  
Young Leaves

Very young apricot leaves behave like the young leaves of most plants; that is, [14C]sucrose is formed as the main product of 14CO2 photosynthesis, and also when the leaves are supplied with [14C]glucose. [14C]sorbitol is not produced, and is poorly metabolized when fed to the leaf. Expanding leaves behave differently: [14C]sorbitol and [14C]sucrose are formed in similar amounts from both 14CO2 and [14C]glucose; and when [14C]sorbitol is supplied, it is readily metabolized and utilized for growth. Mature leaves are different again. They form [14C]sorbitol as the main product from 14CO2 and from [14C]glucose, and they do not metabolize [14C]sorbitol at all. Thus during development, apricot leaves gain but then lose the ability to utilize sorbitol. They also gain and keep the ability to synthesize sorbitol. This suggests that different biochemical paths exist for sorbitol formation and utilization, and that these paths are differently developed in the various stages of leaf development. Although the very young leaves did not synthesize sorbitol from CO2 or glucose, they contained it as their major sugar. Translocation behaviour was therefore studied. Neither the very young leaves nor the expanding leaves export any photosynthate, but the mature leaf rapidly translocates carbohydrate, mainly in the form of sorbitol, to the younger leaves as well as the rest of the plant. [14C]sorbitol supplied to the mature leaf can be recovered in that form from the very young leaf on the same shoot. This further establishes the role of sorbitol in apricot as a specific transport carbohydrate.

SOLUBLE PROTEINS AND COLD HARDINESS OF TWO WOODY SPECIES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Craker ◽  
L. V. Gusta ◽  
C. J. Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns

A simplified, highly reproducible procedure is outlined for the extraction and polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of acidic soluble proteins from apple bark and arborvitae foliage. The procedure includes low temperature maceration, short extraction time, and an extraction solution which contains polyol and phenolic complexers, a reducing agent, and a non-ionic surfactant. Electrophoretic patterns, total nitrogen, moisture content, minimum survival temperatures, and environmental and morphological changes were examined during the natural dehardening of apple and the controlled hardening of arborvitae. Qualitative protein changes, as evidenced by the appearance and disappearance of specific bands, occurred at times when changes in hardiness were taking place.

Expression of shoot features in early leaf development of Murraya paniculata (Rutaceae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R. Lacroix ◽  
Rolf Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Pinnate Leaf ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Phylogenetic Perspective

The early development of the pinnately compound leaves in Murraya paniculata was studied using both epi-illumination and scanning electron microscopy as well as semithin plastic sectioning of the same specimens that were illustrated by means of epi-illumination. It is shown that morphological conclusions may be influenced by technical approaches such as the plane of sectioning. If the developing leaves are sectioned in the (median) sagittal plane, they appear to be rather different from stems and shoots. If, however, they are sectioned in the frontal plane, perpendicular to the sagittal plane, they appear more shoot-like in early development. Their apex could be described in terms of a tunica-corpus organization and the leaflet primordia are initiated like leaf primordia on a shoot tip with distichous phyllotaxy sensu lato. Subsequently, due to differential growth, reorientation of the leaflets occurs in one plane. Thus, the planar structure of the pinnate leaf is ontogenetically secondary. From a phylogenetic perspective, at least two conclusions are possible for plants with pinnate leaves such as those of Murraya: (i) if the ancestor of a pinnate taxon had simple leaves, the pinnate condition arose through homeosis, i.e., the expression of shoot features in leaf sites; (ii) if the ancestor of a pinnate taxon did not have simple leaves, the shoot-like early development of the pinnate leaves may indicate a common evolutionary basis of shoots and pinnate leaves in primitive branching systems. Since it is generally thought that the most primitive angiosperms have simple leaves, the homeotic hypothesis appears to be the preferred hypothesis for the origin of compound leaves in flowering plants. Key words: leaf development, comparative morphogenesis, shoot–leaf relationships, partial shoot theory of the leaf, homeosis.

Egg and embryo proteins in European newts (genus Triturus) and their taxonomic potential

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Michael Veith
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Diagnostic Studies ◽  
Triturus Alpestris ◽  
Tailbud Stage ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractPolyacrylamide disc electrophoresis was carried out on water soluble proteins of eggs and embryos of Triturus alpestris, T. boscai, T. cristatus, T. helveticus, T. marmoratus and T. vulgaris. "Major bands" and "minor bands" were defined and species specific phenotyps are described. The patterns of major bands proved to be rather constant during embryonic development up to approximately stage 30 (stretched tailbud stage). The method as used in this study is considered to be practical and relevant for diagnostic studies on Triturus species.

Structure and development of terminal bud scales in green ash

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Foliage Leaf ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Early Developmental

Structure and development of terminal bud scales of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima) were studied to provide a basis for comparison with foliage leaves of the same species. To identify early developmental stages of bud scales, structure and phenology of terminal buds were investigated first. Overwintering terminal buds have typically three or four pairs of bud scales and three to six pairs of foliage leaf primordia. Bud scales have a flattened base topped by rudimentary leaflets. After bud break, the first leaf primordia that are initiated develop and mature into terminal bud scales by early summer. Although morphology and anatomy of mature foliage leaves and bud scales are very different, primordia of leaf forms are similar until they reach a length of 500 μm. At that length both leaf forms have a base and apical leaflets. Bud scale bases widen and elongate without much thickening, while growth in the apical region is restricted. Marginal growth of the bud scale base is different from that described for most leaf blades. Terminal bud scales could be interpreted as being ontogenetically derived from foliage leaf primordia.

Disc electrophoresis of soluble proteins of conifer foliage

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2281-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor E. McMullan ◽  
L.F. Ebell
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis
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