SOLUBLE PROTEINS AND COLD HARDINESS OF TWO WOODY SPECIES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Craker ◽  
L. V. Gusta ◽  
C. J. Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns

A simplified, highly reproducible procedure is outlined for the extraction and polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of acidic soluble proteins from apple bark and arborvitae foliage. The procedure includes low temperature maceration, short extraction time, and an extraction solution which contains polyol and phenolic complexers, a reducing agent, and a non-ionic surfactant. Electrophoretic patterns, total nitrogen, moisture content, minimum survival temperatures, and environmental and morphological changes were examined during the natural dehardening of apple and the controlled hardening of arborvitae. Qualitative protein changes, as evidenced by the appearance and disappearance of specific bands, occurred at times when changes in hardiness were taking place.

THE EFFECT OF FLOODING PRETREATMENT ON COLD HARDINESS AND SURVIVAL OF WINTER CEREALS IN ICE ENCASEMENT

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. ANDREWS ◽  
M. K. POMEROY
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Ice Encasement ◽  
Positive Effect

Cold-hardened plants of Dover winter barley and Fredrick and Norstar winter wheats show a decreased cold hardiness when exposed to low temperature flooding of increased severity and increased duration. In both cases, this is accompanied by increased moisture content, and there are strong correlations between cold hardiness and crown water content. Fredrick and Norstar wheat plants show enhanced survival when ice-encased after flooding, as compared to nonflooded plants, but this promotive effect is not observed in Dover barley. Eight winter wheats and one winter rye cultivar show the response, but only one of three barley cultivars tested. The promotive effect on survival in ice encasement is produced by 2 and 4 wk prior flooding, but after 6 wk the flooding effect is lost in most cultivars. It is assumed that anaerobic processes initiated during flooding have an indirect survival-positive effect during subsequent ice encasement.

Temperature-related shifts in soluble carbohydrate content during dormancy and cold acclimation in Populus tremuloides

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel E Cox ◽  
Cecil Stushnoff
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Changes in metabolism that accompany cold acclimation and deacclimation, such as increasing levels of raffinose family oligosacharides (RFO) during cold acclimation demonstrated in several woody species, are of interest in a search for genetic control of environmental adaptation by cold-hardy woody plants. This study examined the relationship of temperature to endodormancy and cold hardiness in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) buds collected at 1560, 2250, and 2900 m elevation near Fort Collins, Colo. Buds from all sites tolerated at least –85°C in December, and buds from 2900 m, the highest elevation, hardened most quickly in fall and retained their hardiness the longest in late winter and early spring. Exposure to liquid nitrogen caused bud break in normally endodormant (15 November collection date) buds. RFO levels were highly correlated to low temperature during acclimation and to lowest survival temperatures. Endogenous raffinose and stachyose increased as temperatures dropped in early winter and diminished as temperatures rose in spring. Arrhenius plots showed that raffinose accumulation was strongly low-temperature dependent during acclimation. Its loss, while also temperature dependant in spring, was not as pronounced as during fall acclimation. Buds from all three sites survived cryopreservation at –196°C when first prefrozen at 5°C/h and stored >4 h at –20°C or colder. Differential scanning calorimetry data suggest that an aqueous component froze separately from tissues that underwent a glass transition in buds that survived cryopreservation. This study documents a complete dormant season hardiness profile of aspen linking hardiness with changes in endogenous soluble sugars.

Electrophoretic patterns of soluble fungal proteins and their possible use as taxonomic criteria in the genus Fusarium

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1823-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Glynn ◽  
J. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Current Concept ◽  
Formae Speciales ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Taxonomic Criterion

Buffer-soluble proteins extracted from 33 isolates of various Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales and 13 other Fusarium species were separated on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The resulting patterns were compared and their use as a taxonomic criterion assessed. The results obtained do not support the current concept that this method is useful as a taxonomic tool.

scholarly journals Woody species do not differ in dormancy progression: differences in time to budbreak due to forcing and cold hardiness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al Kovaleski
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Phenological Phases

AbstractBudbreak is one of the most observed and studied phenological phases in perennial plants. Two dimensions of exposure to temperature are generally used to model budbreak: accumulation of time spent at low temperatures (chilling); and accumulation of heat units (forcing). These two effects have a well-established negative correlation: the more chilling, the less forcing required for budbreak. Furthermore, temperate plant species are assumed to vary in amount of chilling required to complete endodormancy and begin the transition to breaking bud. Still, prediction of budbreak remains a challenge. The present work demonstrates across a wide range of species how bud cold hardiness must be accounted for to study dormancy and accurately predict time to budbreak. Cold hardiness defines the path length to budbreak, meaning the difference between the cold hardiness buds attain during the winter, and the cold hardiness at which deacclimated buds are predicted to open. This distance varies among species and throughout winter within a species. Increases in rate of cold hardiness loss (deacclimation) measured throughout winter show that chilling controls deacclimation potential – the proportion of the maximum rate response attained at high chill accumulation – which has a sigmoid relationship to chilling accumulation. For forcing, rates of deacclimation increase non-linearly in response to temperature. Comparisons of deacclimation potential show a dormancy progresses similarly for all species. This observation suggests that comparisons of physiologic and genetic control of dormancy requires an understanding of cold hardiness dynamics and the necessity for an update of the framework for studying dormancy and its effects on spring phenology.

scholarly journals Hepatic cryosurgery in experiment and clinic

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
B. I. Alperovich ◽  
A. V. Potapov ◽  
V. N. Salo
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hepatic Resection ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Sexually Mature

The aim of the investigation – to study changes in hepatic tissue resulting from the influence of low temperatures (– 195,8 °C) in experiments and clinic. Hepatic tissue investigations in experiment have been carried out using electron and light microscopy. During the surgery instruments of original design have been used – cryoscalpels and cryodestructors. Experiments have been carried out on 45 sexually mature dogs of both sexes. Animals have been separated into 3 groups. On the first group (consisting of 12 animals), in the acute experiment, there have been studied features of cryoscalpel design characteristics. In the second series of experiment (on 22 dogs) there have been made a comparative study of hepatic resection using cryoultrasonic scalpel and simple surgical scalpel by means of the study of hemorrhage quantity. In 11 cases there have been studied hepatic morphological changes affected by cryoeffect. By the effect of low temperature ice crystals are appeared in hepatic tissue intracellularly and outside the cell, they cause mechanical injury and rupture of hepatic tissue. In 45 days connective tissue elements are formed at the place of cryodestruction. The use of cryoultrasonic scalpel in hepatic resection in the experiment decreases the hemorrhage quantity by 1,26 times as compared to the traditional methods. Positive experimental investigations allowed to use the low temperature with success in clinical practice at 253 patients with different localized hepatic diseases with 13 lethal outcomes (5,1%). Thus, the used cryosurgical technique during surgical operations allows to decrease significantly the hemorrhage, to eliminate parenchymatous bleeding and to prevent relapses of disease both at growths and at parasitic hepatic affection.

EFFECTS OF IMAZALIL SEED TREATMENT ON SUBCROWN INTERNODE LENGTHS AND COLEOPTILE-NODE-TILLERING IN WHEAT

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1467-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. F. CHINN ◽  
P. R. VERMA ◽  
D. T. SPURR
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Treated Seed

The effects of seed treatment with imazalil at 0.2 and 0.3 g a.i./kg seed on subcrown internode length and occurrence of coleoptile-node-tillers (CNT) was studied in four spring wheat cultivars at two locations in Saskatchewan. Without treatment, Cypress had the longest internodes followed in descending order by Glenlea, Neepawa, and Wascana. Generally, plants from imazalil-treated seed had significantly shorter subcrown internodes. Only a few plants from nontreated seed produced CNT and of these, many were soft or aborted, while the treated seed produced a number of CNT and many of these were firm tillers. The possible importance of these morphological changes in the reduction of common root rot, on drought resistance, cold hardiness, and yield is discussed.

The influence of light and diurnal freezing temperature on the cold hardiness of winter wheat seedlings

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2539-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Andrews ◽  
M. K. Pomeroy ◽  
I. A. de la Roche
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Low Temperature Growth

Seedlings of winter wheat (Triticum aestivwn cv. Rideau and Cappelle Desprez) grown on moist filter paper in petri plates in dark at low temperature increased in cold hardiness, as measured by changes in the LD50 temperatures. Rideau attained an LD50 temperature of −12 °C after 5 weeks, Cappelle Desprez, −6 °C. Exposure to light delayed the maximum hardiness by 2 weeks and increased it by 6 °C in both cultivars. Exposure to diurnal freezing temperature increased hardiness of both cultivars in the dark, and in light when excessive dehydration was prevented.Greater cold hardiness of plants of both cultivars was attained in soil in light at low temperature as compared with those in petri plates. Exposure of plants to diurnal freezing temperature maintained a higher level of hardiness after the maximum at 7 weeks than continuous low temperature without freezing. Diurnal freezing during active low temperature growth in petri plates or in soil increased hardiness of Rideau seedlings to an apparent maximum of −18 °C.

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