Seasonal variation of the terpenes of the leaves, buds, and twigs of blue spruce (Picea pungens)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 2978-2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Winter Buds ◽  
Diterpene Alcohol

The variation in the relative amounts of the terpenes of the mature and young leaves, buds, and twigs of blue spruce was investigated during a full year. As with the spruces that were investigated previously, large changes were recorded only in the buds and in the young leaves after bud burst. The variations that were recorded in the latter for santene, tricyclene, camphene, camphor, bornyl acetate, and limonene were similar to those that were found in white spruce, but those of car-β-ene, α-pinene, and β-pinene differed. Several quantitative differences in the oil of the winter buds were also recorded. The variation of β-pinene correlated negatively with that of sabinene, γ-terpinene, and terpinolene. A transient diterpene alcohol of the geranylgeraniol type was found in the buds and young twigs during spring. The seasonal variation of the terpenes of the twig oil was smaller than the twig-to-twig variation within a tree. The implications for chemosystematic studies are discussed.

A new hybrid between blue spruce and white spruce

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1693-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Hanover ◽  
Ronald C. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Controlled pollinations were made within and between blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in 1967 and 1968. Interspecific hybrids were obtained and verified by comparative measurements of several traits. The cross was successful when either species was used as the female parent. Hybrid seed germinated more rapidly than that of either species and hybrid seedlings showed some heterosis for early growth. Also, hybrid seedlings had needles intermediate between, and significantly different from, the parental seedlings. Growth form of the hybrid was quite variable compared with that of either species. Further evidence for the successful crossing of blue spruce and white spruce was provided by biochemical analyses of monoterpene compounds in the parents and progeny.

Seasonal variation of abscisic acid in the dormant shoots of Douglas-fir

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe E. Webber ◽  
Murray L. Laver ◽  
Joe B. Zaerr ◽  
Denis P. Lavender
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The occurrence of abscisic acid (ABA) in the dormant shoots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was confirmed by bioassay, thin-layer chromatography, gas–liquid chromatography, and gas–liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry. Seasonal variation of ABA in the buds, leaves, and stems was then determined using 2-trans-ABA as an internal standard. Concentrations of ABA were highest in the autumn for buds (2.1 μg/g) and needles (0.79 μg/g) and highest in January for stems (0.34 μg/g). The lowest concentrations for all tissues were in February and March, before bud burst. Close correlation of levels of ABA with previously measured physiological evidence of growth and metabolic activity suggests a possible role in the dormancy cycle of Douglas-fir.

Lignocellulose degradation by Fusarium species

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1194-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Sutherland ◽  
Anthony L. Pometto III ◽  
Don L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Aromatic Degradation ◽  
Different Strains

Eighteen strains of fungi in the genus Fusarium, including varieties of F. episphaeria, F. lateritium, F. moniliforme, F. nivale, F. oxysporum, F. rigidiusculum, F. roseum, F. solani, and F. tricinctum, slowly degraded lignocelluloses from blue spruce (Picea pungens) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). When grown with [lignin-14C]lignocellulose from blue spruce, 15 of the Fusarium strains converted 2.2 to 4.3% of the [14C]lignin in 60 days to 14CO2 and 3.9 to 8.4% to labeled water-soluble products. When grown with unlabeled lignocellulose from wheat straw, the strains caused total weight losses in 60 days of 7 to 25%, acid-insoluble (Klason) lignin losses of 2 to 17%, and carbohydrate losses of 3 to 33%. Crude protein contents of degraded wheat-straw lignocellulose samples were 3.2 to 5.1%. Among the aromatic degradation products from wheat-straw lignocellulose degraded by different strains, as shown by gas chromatography, were p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

scholarly journals Bud blight (Gemmamyces piceae) in the eastern part of the Krušné hory Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
Jiri Sefl ◽  
Veronika Mottlová ◽  
Iva Schořálková
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Sprouting Ability ◽  
Trend Assessment ◽  
Krušné Hory Mountains

A survey was carried out in 2013–2019 on the life cycle of the bud blight Gemmamyces piceae (Borthw.) Casagrande and the trend assessment in the infestation of the Colorado blue spruce Picea pungens Engelm. stands. Four ecologically different plots were chosen in the Fláje region in the Eastern part of the Krušné hory Mountains. The pycnidia were formed at the beginning of June on buds infested the previous year. Later, in the second half of June, they formed on the spring attack buds. Conidia occurred in the first week of July on the buds of the old infestation, or later in the case of the spring attack buds, in the middle of July. The production of conidia lasted till the end of September. Ascospores occurred in the middle of July and were produced until the end of September. The ability of host trees to sprout became continually weaker, along with the defoliation progress. A distinct decline in the sprouting ability was noticed on stands with a dense crown canopy and on stands with competition of broad-leaved trees – with an admixture of birch.

The role of reactive oxygen species in pollen germination in Picea pungens (blue spruce)

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Maksimov ◽  
Anastasia Evmenyeva ◽  
Maria Breygina ◽  
Igor Yermakov
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens

ALBINISM AND NATURAL SELFING IN Picea pungens

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097-1098
Author(s):  
W. H. CRAM
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Self Pollination

Albino seedlings from self-pollinated seed were attributed to a simple and lethal recessive gene, which was utilized to estimate the occurrence of 0–18% natural self-pollination in blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.).Key words: Albinism, natural selfing, Picea pungens

Rapid change in suitability of white spruce for a specialist herbivore, Zeiraphera canadensis, as a function of leaf age

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2132-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Quiring
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Specialist Herbivore ◽  
Sib Families

Field studies were carried out over 2 years to determine the effect of age of white spruce (Picea glauca) leaves on the development of the spruce bud moth, Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. &Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). In both years developing buds remained suitable for first-instar larvae for only 4–5 days after bud burst, after which survivorship decreased significantly. Individuals that survived on flaring shoots were smaller than those placed on newly burst buds. Although leaf contents of water, nitrogen, and several minerals were inversely related to leafage, only declines in N and P content were associated with the rapid change in host suitability. Differences in N and P contents were small, however, suggesting that the rapid decline in host suitability was also due to the influence of other, unmeasured factors. When larvae were placed on foliage of the same age, their survival was similar on trees in half-sib families with high or low susceptibility to Z. canadensis. Thus, variations in susceptibility of white spruce to Z. canadensis might be associated with differences in host-plant phenology but are not due to differences in nutritional quality. This study demonstrates that the phenological window for establishment of newly emerged folivores may be shorter than is commonly thought.

scholarly journals Blue sky’s the limit? Somatic embryogenesis as a means of propagating recalcitrant blue spruce (Picea pungens) cultivar Hoopsii

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Demone ◽  
Jingqin Mao ◽  
Shen Wan ◽  
Maryam Nourimand ◽  
Äsbjörn Erik Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Initiation Frequency ◽  
Propagation Methods

AbstractThe ‘triple-blue’ cultivar of blue spruce (Picea pungens Hoopsii) is notably recalcitrant towards the realm of traditional vegetative propagation methods. Its ability to naturally proliferate is limited by ovule and embryo abortion during the growing season, leading to low viable seed yield. In this study, we established a protocol using somatic embryogenesis (SE) as a means of propagating this popular ornamental cultivar. We collected cones from Hoopsii trees at seven different timepoints throughout the growing season (mid-June to late July in Ottawa (Plant Hardiness Zone 5A)). Female megagametophytes were harvested following each collection and immature zygotic embryos were plated onto induction media. Early somatic embryos began developing from the embryonic tissue (ET) three to five weeks following induction. The highest ET initiation frequency occurred from embryos collected June 20–July 10, suggesting that developmental stage of the embryo was a significant factor in SE induction. The conversion of mature somatic embryos into plantlets (emblings) was completed in eight–ten weeks at a rate of 92.8%. In this study, we demonstrate that in vitro somatic embryogenesis using our optimized protocol is a fast and prolific method for the mass propagation of Hoopsii blue spruce. This is the first report on the production of somatic Hoopsii emblings.

scholarly journals (439) Influences of Low Temperature and Xylem Bubble Treatments on Deformed Leaves in `Hayward' Kiwi Trees

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077D-1077
Author(s):  
Wol-Soo Kim ◽  
Xiu-Yu Wu ◽  
Soon-Ju Chung
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

During the early spring, embolism symptoms may be observed on the leaves of kiwi trees after a severe, cold winter. The morphological character of embolism in young leaves in early spring is typically parachute shaped, at the basal part of kiwi shoots. Deformed leaves were observed at the beginning stage of development. To test the factors, we used water stress, low temperature, and xylem bubble treatments on kiwi vines during the winter season. Low temperature treatments on trees were carried out in a –15 °C chamber for 0, 12, 24, and 48 hours. For the xylem bubble treatment, the trees were injected with 3.5 MPa compressed air at –15 °C for 24 hours. For water stress treatments, the trees were not irrigated until dry soil conditions reached as little as 50% soil moisture. Treated kiwi trees planted in plastic pots (20 cm × 25 cm) were moved into the growth chamber at 25 °C with 12 hours of light, and the rate of deformed leaf symptoms was observed. In all treatments, deformed leaves were observed and bud burst rates were lower than for the control. Therefore, we confirmed that the main factors for deformed leaves were low temperature, xylem bubbles, and water stress.

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