Identification of chromosome segments controlling the synthesis of peroxidases in wheat seeds and in transfer lines with Agropyron elongatum

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kobrehel
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Transfer Lines ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The genes coding the synthesis of the three major cathodic isoperoxidases a, c, and d in common wheat cv. Chinese Spring, as determined by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis, are located on the chromosome arms 7DS, 4BL, and 7AS, respectively. Transfer lines with Agropyron elongatum can be detected by electrophoretic analysis of peroxidases if the chromosome arm 7AgS is involved in these transfers. Results have also shown a homology between the chromosome 7D of common wheat and the chromosome 7Ag of Agropyron elongatum.

Identification of genomes and chromosomes involved in peroxidase synthesis of wheat seeds

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (20) ◽  
pp. 2336-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kobrehel ◽  
P. Feillet
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Polyacrylamide-slab gel electrophoresis of peroxidases of different Triticum and Aegilops species and of nullisomic–tetrasomic lines of Chinese spring wheat showed that T. aestivum chromosomes 7D, 4B, and 7A are the carriers of genes coding the synthesis of peroxidase a, peroxidase c, and peroxidase d, respectively. The indirect effect of modified chromosome systems and a special effect of chromosome 5B on peroxidase synthesis have also been observed. The chromosomal and genomic origin of the three other peroxidases (b, e, and f) detected in common wheat could not be definitively established.

THE CYTOGENETIC STRUCTURE OF A 56-CHROMOSOME DERIVATIVE FROM A CROSS BETWEEN TRITICUM AESTIVUM AND AGROPYRON ELONGATUM (2n = 70)

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Synthetic Genome ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Chromosome pairing was studied in a number of hybrids involving a 56-chromosome wheat-Agropyron derivative, PW 327. PW 327 originated from the cross, Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (Chinese Spring × A. elongatum, 2n = 70). In hybrids between PW 327 and T. aestivum a number of multivalent chromosome associations were formed at metaphase I. These multivalents result from interchanges which occurred among wheat chromosomes 1A, 1D, 2A, 2D, 4D and 6D of PW 327. One chromosome of the Agropyron chromosome set of PW 327 occasionally pairs with wheat chromosome 3B. The rest of the Agropyron chromosomes present in PW 327 do not pair with the chromosomes of T. aestivum. It is proposed that the set of Agropyron chromosomes present in PW 327 is not an intact genome of decaploid A. elongatum but rather a modified synthetic genome combining chromosomes and/or chromosome segments from different genomes of the Agropyron parent. The incorporation of duplication-deletions into synthetic genomes of natural polyploids is discussed and it is shown that the set of Agropyron chromosomes which is present in PW 327 carries at least one such duplication-deletion. Pairing between chromosomes of diploid and decaploid A. elongatum was studied in a 56-chromosome hybrid from a cross between an amphiploid, T. aestivum × A. elongatum (2n = 14), and PW 327. It appeared that at least four chromosomes of these two Agropyrons occasionally paired with each other in this hybrid in which the diploidizing system of wheat was active. The relationship between chromosomes of diploid and decaploid A. elongatum is discussed.

The effect of different doses of Ph1 on chromosome pairing in hybrids between tetraploid Agropyron elongatum and common wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 974-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Charpentier ◽  
M. Feldman ◽  
Y. Cauderon
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Meiotic Metaphase ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Genomic Relationships ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Tetraploid Cytotypes ◽  
Different Doses

Chromosome pairing at first meiotic metaphase was studied in F1 hybrids between tetraploid cytotypes of Agropyron elongatum and common wheat lines of the cultivar Chinese Spring, carrying zero, one, and two doses of Ph1. The bivalentization gene system of A. elongatum could not compensate for the absence of Ph1: hybrids deficient for this gene exhibited pairing between the Agropyron E1 and E2 chromosomes, between the wheat A, B, and D chromosomes, and between the Agropyron and the wheat chromosomes. In hybrids with one or two doses of Ph1, pairing was restricted to the Agropyron E1 and E2 chromosomes. It was concluded that E1 and E2 are distant homologues, thus further supporting the autoploidy nature of tetraploid A. elongatum. The genomic relationships in other polyploid species of the genus Agropyron is discussed in the light of this evidence.Key words: chromosome pairing, Triticum, common wheat, Agropyron.

Chromosome elimination of hexaploid common wheat mediated by interaction between Chinese Spring cytoplasm and a genetic factor(s) on chromosome arm 1BL of wild emmer

Euphytica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. R. Jiang ◽  
M. D. He ◽  
M. Q. Ding ◽  
J. K. Rong
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Chromosome Arm

The effect of different Agropyron elongatum chromosomes on pairing in Agropyron – common wheat hybrids

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 978-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Charpentier ◽  
M. Feldman ◽  
Y. Cauderon
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
The Common ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
Tetraploid Cytotypes

Chromosome pairing at first meiotic metaphase was studied in hybrids between the common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) and an induced autotetraploid line derived from diploid Agropyron elongatum. The latter was found to carry genes for homoeologous pairing. To determine the chromosomal location of these and other genes that control pairing, disomic addition lines of A. elongatum in the cv. Chinese Spring were crossed with tetraploid cytotypes of A. elongatum, and pairing was then compared in the resulting hybrids and in hybrids between cv. Chinese Spring and tetraploid A. elongatum. The elongatum chromosomes were classified into those that suppress (6E), promote (5E, 3E, and possibly 1E), or have no effect on pairing (4E). The effect of chromosomes 2E and 7E was not studied. Chromosomes 5E and 3E differed in their effect on the degree and pattern of chromosome pairing. These findings are compared with the available data on the control of pairing in A. elongatum and in other Triticinae species.Key words: chromosome pairing, pairing promoter, Triticum, common wheat, Agropyron.

Arm homoeology of wheat and rye chromosomes

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Naranjo ◽  
A. Roca ◽  
P. G. Goicoechea ◽  
R. Giraldez
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Wheat Evolution ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Homoeology Relationships

Meiotic pairing was studied at metaphase I in three different cv. Chinese Spring × rye hybrid combinations (5B deficient, 3D deficient, and normal ABDR) to establish the arm homoeology of wheat and rye chromosomes. The majority of individual wheat chromosomes and their arms, as well as the arms of chromosomes 1R and 5R, were identified by means of C-banding. The results on pairing relationships support the genome reallocation of chromosomes 4A and 4B. The short arms of wheat chromosomes belonging to homoeologous groups 1, 3, 5, and 6 and of chromosome pairs 4A–4D and 7A–7D showed full pairing homoeology as well as the long arms of wheat chromosomes of groups 1, 3, 6, and 7 and of chromosome pairs 4A–4D and 5B–5D. Chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 2D were homoeologous, but the homoeologies of their arms were not identified. Reduced homoeologies of the 4BL arm to 7AS and 7DS, of the 5AL arm to 4AL and 4DL, and of the 7BS arm to 5BL and 5DL were identified. Arms 4BL, 5AL, and 7BS are involved in a double translocation that arose during the evolution of common wheat. The homoeology relationships of chromosome arm 4BS were not identified since this arm seldom paired. The homoeologous pairing pattern between wheat chromosomes was characterized by a remarkable predominance of A–D associations, altered only by structural changes in groups 4 and 5. Chromosome arm 1RL showed full pairing homoeology to 1AL, 1BL, and 1DL, while 5RL was homoeologous to 5AL and partially homoeologous to 4AL and 4DL. It is concluded that 5RL carries a translocated segment from 4RL. Key words: homoeologous pairing, translocations, wheat evolution, C-banding.

Chilling injury and chlorotic reactions of euploids and aneuploids of the group 6 homoeologues of common wheat

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. P. Whelan ◽  
G. B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Aneuploid seedlings of the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Chinese Spring (CS) that are nullisomic or telosomic for the long arm of chromosome 6D are susceptible to chilling injury under prolonged exposure to 6 °C; normal euploids or telosomics for the short arm are not. Studies of seedling grown for various durations at 20 °C prior to growth at 6 °C showed that chilling injury was a juvenile phenomenon and that the extent of injury was inversely proportional to the duration of growth at 20 °C to a maximum of about 14 days. When reciprocal crosses were made between susceptible 6D nullisomics or long-arm ditelocentrics of CS and resistant 6D nullisomics of three spring and one winter wheat cultivars, progenies from aneuploid F1 hybrids all segregated for susceptibility as a recessive trait and at a frequency approximating a dihybrid ratio; no cytoplasmic effects were detected. Aneuploids of the group 6 homoeologues of the spring wheat cvs. Cadet and Rescue were resistant, as were group 6 whole-chromosome substitutions of eight different donor wheats in the recipient parent CS and 56 other euploids tested. Genes for resistance to chilling injury appear to involve the group 6 chromosomes and the short arm of 6D in Chinese Spring. In contrast with chilling injury, all aneuploid lines with only four doses of the "corroded" loci on group 6 chromosomes exhibited chlorotic symptoms.Key words: Triticum aestivum, chilling injury.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF NONSTRUCTURAL VARIATION ALONG THREE CHROMOSOME ARMS BETWEEN WHEAT CULTIVARS CHINESE SPRING AND CHEYENNE

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-324
Author(s):  
Anne Crossway ◽  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Chromosome Variation ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Ring Bivalents ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Parental Inbred ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Metaphase I (MI) pairing of wheat homologous chromosomes is usually reduced in hybrids between cultivars relative to the parental inbred lines. Previous work suggested that this phenomenon is caused by polymorphism in nucleotide sequences (nonstructural chromosome variation) among wheat cultivars. The present work investigated the distribution of this variation along three selected chromosome arms between cultivars Chinese Spring and Cheyenne. Chinese Spring ditelosomics 3Aq, 6Ap and 6Bp were crossed with disomic substitutions of Cheyenne chromosomes 3A, 6A and 6B in Chinese Spring, respectively. The resulting F1 plants, called substituted monotelodisomics, were crossed with the respective Chinese Spring monosomics, producing potentially "recombinant" substituted monosomics. When these "recombinant" chromosomes were combined with the parental Chinese Spring telosomes, marked reductions in mean telosome-pairing frequency were found compared with the corresponding Chinese Spring monotelodisomics. The mean pairing frequencies of the "recombinant" chromosomes showed a continuous distribution between those of the substituted and Chinese Spring monotelodisomics. The results suggest that the nonstructural variation that reduces MI pairing between chromosomes of different wheat cultivars is not localized in a specific site but distributed along each chromosome arm. Little variation was found among monotelodisomics for either the number of ring bivalents per cell or the number of univalents other than those constituting the heteromorphic pair. This implies that the reductions in MI pairing between the Cheyenne and Chinese Spring chromosomes are caused by something residing within these specific chromosomes that does not affect the pairing of the remaining Chinese Spring chromosomes in the same cell. Furthermore, the absence of parental types among the "recombinant"-substituted monotelodisomics suggests that the sequences involved in the variation studied here are capable of converting heterohomologous chromosomes to something intermediate in nature in the span of only a single generation.

STUDIES ON THE HYPOANEUPLOIDS OF COMMON WHEAT. III. PRODUCTION OF SEXTUPLE MONOSOMICS

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
Shoji Shigenaga
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
A Genome

Two kinds of sextuple monosomics for A-genome chromosomes, namely, one plant simultaneously deficient for chromosomes 1A, 2A, 4A, 5A, 6A and 7A and the other deficient for 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A and 6A, were produced in a systematic way in the variety Chinese Spring. Sextuple monosomics (15″ + 6′) were selected in the progenies of crosses between quintuple monosomics (16″ + 5′) and nullisomics (20″) which lacked the sixth pair of chromosomes. The sextuple monosomics were smaller, with reduced vigor and later maturity, compared with normal plants. They showed stable chromosome behavior in meiosis and retained fertility in both sexes. Female gametes with n = 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21 produced from the quintuple monosomics functioned well in fertilization.

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