The composition, diversity, and heterogeneity of some jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands in northeastern Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2629-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Effects ◽  
Canopy Type

Understorey composition, diversity, and interquadrat heterogeneity are examined among a series of 23 jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) dominated stands in northeastern Ontario. Information on the soils, density, and age structure of the trees was available for each site studied. Composition in both vegetation and soils data sets was explored using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), an efficient trend seeking ordination technique. Following a rotation to congruence of vegetation axes upon those for soil, variation in the soils data accounted for a maximum of 40–50% variance in the first two axes of the vegetation analysis. Examination of a residual ordination, after soil effects were removed, indicated a primary gradient related to both canopy type and frequency of disturbance by surface fire. Diversity measures, including richness and N2, showed no relationship to stand age, disturbance frequency, or canopy type. Some indefinite patterns appeared with bryophyte diversity. Interquadrat heterogeneity showed no relationship to stand age, canopy type, or disturbance regime as more than one source of spatial pattern was evident among the stands. These results are discussed in relation to the study of succession by indirect methods.

scholarly journals Estimating the timing of maximum pollen release from jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in northern Ontario

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Di-Giovanni ◽  
P. G. Kevan ◽  
G.-É. Caron
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Operational Testing ◽  
Pollen Release ◽  
Start Dates

A practical heat sum method was validated for estimating the date of maximal pollen release of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in northern Ontario. The base temperature and start date that minimized differences between estimated and observed maximum pollen release dates were sought. Heat sums were calculated for all data sets (n = 26) for a range of base temperatures (1 to 20 °C) and start dates (January 1 to maximum pollen release). The best combination was a start date at Julian day 107 and base temperature at 4 °C. The heat sum to maximum pollen release was 288.58 degree days and the average difference between estimated and observed was 2.75 days. Recommendations for operational testing are made. Key words: heat sum, phenology, Piuns banksiana Lamb., temperature, pollen, dehiscence, contamination, seed orchard

scholarly journals Effects of Preceding Stand Age on Nutrient Availability in Postharvest Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) Stands

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent G. Thompson ◽  
David E. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Jack Pine Forests ◽  
C And N ◽  
Mineralizable Nitrogen

Abstract Because of the long time periods involved, empirical data on the effects of preceding stand age on nutrient availability in the succeeding stand are scarce. We took advantage of a unique management situation in the jack pine forests of northern Lower Michigan to assess the effects of preceding stand age (24‐76 years) on postharvest soil nutrient availability. We found that potentially mineralizable nitrogen (N) and extractable phosphorus (P) increased with increasing age of the preceding stand. In contrast, we observed no response of total organic carbon (C) and N or extractable base cations to preceding stand age. Together, our results demonstrate that harvesting these forests at younger ages results in decreased availability of N and P immediately following harvest.

Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1540-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Striegl ◽  
Kimberly P Wickland
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Measured Flux ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Mature Stands

Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emission (soil respiration), net CO2 exchange after photosynthetic uptake by ground-cover plants, and soil CO2 concentration versus depth below land surface were measured at four ages of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest in central Saskatchewan. Soil respiration was smallest at a clear-cut site, largest in an 8-year-old stand, and decreased with stand age in 20-year-old and mature (60–75 years old) stands during May– September 1994 (12.1, 34.6, 31.5, and 24.9 mol C·m–2, respectively). Simulations of soil respiration at each stand based on continuously recorded soil temperature were within one standard deviation of measured flux for 48 of 52 measurement periods, but were 10%–30% less than linear interpolations of measured flux for the season. This was probably due to decreased soil respiration at night modeled by the temperature-flux relationships, but not documented by daytime chamber measurements. CO2 uptake by ground-cover plants ranged from 0 at the clear-cut site to 29, 25, and 9% of total growing season soil respiration at the 8-year, 20-year, and mature stands. CO2 concentrations were as great as 7150 ppmv in the upper 1 m of unsaturated zone and were proportional to measured soil respiration.

Pollen cone production in jack pine: spatial and temporal patterns subject to natural disturbance by the jack pine budworm

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josie S. Hughes ◽  
Marie-Josée Fortin ◽  
Vince Nealis ◽  
Jacques Régnière
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Pollen Cone

Patterns of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lambert) pollen cone production are of interest because they may help explain jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman) outbreak patterns. We used generalized linear mixed models to analyze pollen cone production in 180 permanent plots in Ontario, Canada between 1992 and 2008. Pollen cone production increased with stand age, and large trees in sparsely-populated stands produced more pollen cones. Defoliation decreased the propensity of trees to produce pollen cones for at least two years. We also identified important patterns that are not explained by defoliation and stand characteristics. Pollen cone production is spatially synchronized among years, trees in central Ontario produced more pollen cones than trees in northwestern Ontario, and background cone production increased over time in the central region but not in more northwestern plots. Synchronized reproduction is common among tree species, but has not previously been noted for jack pine pollen cones. Increasing cone production in central Ontario may be evidence of changing forest and (or) climatic conditions and deserves further investigation. Our model can be used to quantitatively predict pollen cone production and assess the risk of jack pine budworm defoliation.

Woody debris volumes and carbon accumulation differ across a chronosequence of boreal red pine and jack pine stands

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 768-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Allard ◽  
Andrew Park
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Data Set ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Pine Stands

Boreal forests are thought to store more than 30% of the world’s terrestrial carbon (C), much of it in the form of dead wood. Harvesting, stand transformation, and climate change the storage capacity of this carbon pool and improved quantification of C storage is needed to improve the accuracy and coverage of C accounting in Canadian forests. In this study, we compared wood volumes and C storage in coarse woody debris (CWD), fine woody debris (FWD), and standing dead wood (snags) in a 94-year chronosequence of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands in the Sandilands Provincial Forest, southeastern Manitoba. In our data set of 20 jack pine and 17 red pine stands, jack pine stands supported higher volumes of CWD, snags, and sparsely distributed FWD than red pine stands. Mean CWD volume and C mass were, respectively, 18.6 m3·ha−1 and 2.6 tonnes (t)·ha−1 for jack pine and 11.3 m3·ha−1 and 1.1 t·ha−1 for red pine. Snag volumes and C mass were, respectively, 1.8 m3·ha−1 and 0.25 t·ha−1 for jack pine and 0.26 m3·ha−1 and 0.04 t·ha−1 for red pine. CWD loads in jack pine stands followed a U-shaped distribution with stand age, and snag loads in jack pine increased linearly with time. No such significant trends for CWD or snags were observed in red pine. Our results confirm that stand conversion from fire-origin jack pine to red pine plantations has the potential to significantly reduce and alter temporal patterns of dead wood accumulation across the landscape.

Yield and financial losses associated with a jack pine budworm outbreak in Michigan and the implications for management

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley E Conway ◽  
Larry A Leefers ◽  
Deborah G McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus Pinus ◽  
Financial Losses

Stand-level merchantable volume and financial losses resulting from a 1991-1993 jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman) outbreak were quantified for 99 jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stands in the Raco Plains area of the Hiawatha National Forest. Associations between standing value loss and stand inventory variables were evaluated. Stands were stratified into management groups based on age, site index, and stocking. Differences in standing value loss among groups were examined. Total standing merchantable volume loss and gross value loss were estimated to be 19 500 m3 and $289 800, respectively, for the 1480-ha sample area. Standing merchantable volume loss averaged 13.3 m3/ha or 14% of standing volume. Standing value loss within stands averaged $194/ha. Losses were concentrated in only a few stands with eight stands accounting for over half the total standing value loss. Standing value loss was positively associated with stand age and basal area and negatively associated with the proportion of open-grown, full-canopied "wolf" trees in the stand. A significant interaction in standing value loss was observed between age-class and site index class. No significant differences in standing value loss were observed among stocking classes. Results confirm overstocked stands over 50 years of age should be prioritized for harvest.

scholarly journals Trade-Offs among Release Treatments in Jack Pine Plantations: Twenty-Five Year Responses

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Holly D. Deighton ◽  
Frederick Wayne Bell ◽  
Nelson Thiffault ◽  
Eric B. Searle ◽  
Mathew Leitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Forest Diversity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Jack Pine Forests ◽  
Stand Yield ◽  
Forest Managers

We assessed 27 indicators of plant diversity, stand yield and individual crop tree responses 25 years post-treatment to determine long-term trade-offs among conifer release treatments in boreal and sub-boreal forests. This research addresses the lack of longer-term data needed by forest managers to implement more integrated vegetation management programs, supporting more informed decisions about release treatment choice. Four treatments (untreated control, motor-manual brushsaw, single aerial spray, and complete competition removal) were established at two jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) sites in Ontario, Canada. Our results suggest that plant diversity and productivity in boreal jack pine forests are significantly influenced by vegetation management treatments. Overall, release treatments did not cause a loss of diversity but benefitted stand-scale yield and individual crop tree growth, with maximum benefits occurring in more intensive release treatments. However, none of the treatments maximized all 27 indicators studied; thus, forest managers are faced with trade-offs when choosing treatments. Research on longer term effects, ideally through at least one rotation, is essential to fully understand outcomes of different vegetation management on forest diversity, stand yield, and individual crop tree responses.

Jack pine cone quality and cache sizes of red squirrels in southern New Brunswick, Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Setterington ◽  
Daniel M. Keppie
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Relationships between external cone characteristics (length, width, wet and dry mass), cone quality (total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass, total number of seeds per cone, total seed mass per cone), and number of cones in caches were evaluated for caches of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) cones belonging to red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in two plantations in southern New Brunswick. Cone length and mass were good predictors of the total number of seeds per cone and total seed mass per cone. Length accounted for a small proportion of the variance of total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass. There was no relationship between the number of seeds or total seed mass per cone and the number of cones per cache.

scholarly journals Genetically based resistance to the white pine weevil in jack pine and eastern white pine

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Verrez ◽  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Thibaut Leinekugel Le Cocq ◽  
Greg Adams ◽  
Yill Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
White Pine Weevil

White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) damage was evaluated in one white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and four jack pine(Pinus banksiana Lamb) half-sib family test sites to determine the role of tree genotype in resistance to the weevil. Halfsibfamily explained a significant proportion of the variation in weevil attack at all sites. Estimates of family (0.16-0.54)and individual (0.09-0.24) heritabilities of jack pine resistance to white pine weevil were moderate. Estimates of family(0.37) and individual (0.22) heritability of resistance of white pine to the weevil were also moderate when the percentageof test trees damaged by the weevil was relatively low, but were insignificant four years later when more than three-quartersof trees were damaged. Significant positive correlations between mean tree height and mean incidence of trees damagedby the weevil were observed for four of seven site-years but relationships were weak, suggesting that any cost, withrespect to height growth, to breeding weevil resistant trees may be small.Key words: Pinus, Pissodes strobi, trade-offs, tree improvement, tree resistance, white pine weevil.

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