Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1540-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Striegl ◽  
Kimberly P Wickland
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Measured Flux ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Mature Stands

Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emission (soil respiration), net CO2 exchange after photosynthetic uptake by ground-cover plants, and soil CO2 concentration versus depth below land surface were measured at four ages of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest in central Saskatchewan. Soil respiration was smallest at a clear-cut site, largest in an 8-year-old stand, and decreased with stand age in 20-year-old and mature (60–75 years old) stands during May– September 1994 (12.1, 34.6, 31.5, and 24.9 mol C·m–2, respectively). Simulations of soil respiration at each stand based on continuously recorded soil temperature were within one standard deviation of measured flux for 48 of 52 measurement periods, but were 10%–30% less than linear interpolations of measured flux for the season. This was probably due to decreased soil respiration at night modeled by the temperature-flux relationships, but not documented by daytime chamber measurements. CO2 uptake by ground-cover plants ranged from 0 at the clear-cut site to 29, 25, and 9% of total growing season soil respiration at the 8-year, 20-year, and mature stands. CO2 concentrations were as great as 7150 ppmv in the upper 1 m of unsaturated zone and were proportional to measured soil respiration.

Ecosystem modeling of methane and carbon dioxide fluxes for boreal forest sites

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Potter ◽  
Jill Bubier ◽  
Patrick Crill ◽  
Peter Lafleur
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Methane Flux ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Water Levels

Predicted daily fluxes from an ecosystem model for water, carbon dioxide, and methane were compared with 1994 and 1996 Boreal Ecosystem–Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) field measurements at sites dominated by old black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) (OBS) and boreal fen vegetation near Thompson, Man. Model settings for simulating daily changes in water table depth (WTD) for both sites were designed to match observed water levels, including predictions for two microtopographic positions (hollow and hummock) within the fen study area. Water run-on to the soil profile from neighboring microtopographic units was calibrated on the basis of daily snowmelt and rainfall inputs to reproduce BOREAS site measurements for timing and magnitude of maximum daily WTD for the growing season. Model predictions for daily evapotranspiration rates closely track measured fluxes for stand water loss in patterns consistent with strong controls over latent heat fluxes by soil temperature during nongrowing season months and by variability in relative humidity and air temperature during the growing season. Predicted annual net primary production (NPP) for the OBS site was 158 g C·m–2 during 1994 and 135 g C·m–2 during 1996, with contributions of 75% from overstory canopy production and 25% from ground cover production. Annual NPP for the wetter fen site was 250 g C·m–2 during 1994 and 270 g C·m–2 during 1996. Predicted seasonal patterns for soil CO2 fluxes and net ecosystem production of carbon both match daily average estimates at the two sites. Model results for methane flux, which also closely match average measured flux levels of –0.5 mg CH4·m–2·day–1 for OBS and 2.8 mg CH4·m–2·day–1 for fen sites, suggest that spruce areas are net annual sinks of about –0.12 g CH4·m–2, whereas fen areas generate net annual emissions on the order of 0.3–0.85 g CH4·m–2, depending mainly on seasonal WTD and microtopographic position. Fen hollow areas are predicted to emit almost three times more methane during a given year than fen hummock areas. The validated model is structured for extrapolation to regional simulations of interannual trace gas fluxes over the entire North America boreal forest, with integration of satellite data to characterize properties of the land surface.

Effects of a clear-cut harvest on soil respiration in a jack pine - lichen woodland

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Striegl ◽  
Kimberly P Wickland
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Soil Co2 Emission

Quantification of the components of ecosystem respiration is essential to understanding carbon (C) cycling of natural and disturbed landscapes. Soil respiration, which includes autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration from throughout the soil profile, is the second largest flux in the global carbon cycle. We measured soil respiration (soil CO2 emission) at an undisturbed mature jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stand in Saskatchewan (old jack pine, OJP), and at a formerly continuous portion of the stand that was clear-cut during the previous winter (clear-cut, CC). Tree harvesting reduced soil CO2 emission from ~22.5 to ~9.1 mol CO2 cdot m-2 for the 1994 growing season. OJP was a small net sink of atmospheric CO2, while CC was a net source of CO2. Winter emissions were similar at both sites. Reduction of soil respiration was attributed to disruption of the soil surface and to the death of tree roots. Flux simulations for CC and OJP identify 40% of CO2 emission at the undisturbed OJP site as near-surface respiration, 25% as deep-soil respiration, and 35% as tree-root respiration. The near-surface component was larger than the estimated annual C input to soil, suggesting fast C turnover and no net C accumulation in these boreal uplands in 1994.

scholarly journals SUCCESSION OF GROUND COVER VEGETATION IN HYLOCOMIOSA FOREST SITE TYPE AFTER THE CLEARCUT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgars DUBROVSKIS ◽  
Aigars INDRIKSONS ◽  
Olga MIEZĪTE ◽  
Lelde HERMANE
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Site Type ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Ground Cover Vegetation

Nowadays forestry sector uses forest site type descriptions developed from beginning of 20th century till 1980’s and descriptions are obtained for pre-mature and mature stand age. There is less information about ground cover vegetation for full rotation cycle. In this research has been gathered information about ground cover vegetation succession in first 5 years after clear cut in mature Scots pine stand. The chronosequence method was used. The Brown-Blanquet and the point-square methods for accounting of ground cover plants were used. The ecological values of Ellenberg for describing the environmental status and the coefficient of Tschekanovsky for estimation of the difference between plant communities in forest young growths of different age were used. The biological diversity of species in this research compared to mature stand also is increasing. Ellenberg’s ecological indicator values as light and nitrogen are also increasing: nitrogen value has increased the most - by 2.62 units. There are registered changes in vascular plants, mosses, lichens and trees projective covering’s proportion. The most significant changes in individual species occurrence are between the second and third year's (Tschekanovsky coefficient = 0.19). Five years after clear cut the Tschekanovsky coefficient between the mature stand and five years old clearing is 0.18. In the 4th and 5th year after the clear cut there increase the projective cover of Monocotyledonae plants (families Graminaea and Cyperaceae) forming higher vertical structure and overtaking the dominance from another groups. The results obtained in this research promote further research in different stand age.

The composition, diversity, and heterogeneity of some jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands in northeastern Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2629-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Effects ◽  
Canopy Type

Understorey composition, diversity, and interquadrat heterogeneity are examined among a series of 23 jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) dominated stands in northeastern Ontario. Information on the soils, density, and age structure of the trees was available for each site studied. Composition in both vegetation and soils data sets was explored using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), an efficient trend seeking ordination technique. Following a rotation to congruence of vegetation axes upon those for soil, variation in the soils data accounted for a maximum of 40–50% variance in the first two axes of the vegetation analysis. Examination of a residual ordination, after soil effects were removed, indicated a primary gradient related to both canopy type and frequency of disturbance by surface fire. Diversity measures, including richness and N2, showed no relationship to stand age, disturbance frequency, or canopy type. Some indefinite patterns appeared with bryophyte diversity. Interquadrat heterogeneity showed no relationship to stand age, canopy type, or disturbance regime as more than one source of spatial pattern was evident among the stands. These results are discussed in relation to the study of succession by indirect methods.

scholarly journals Effects of Preceding Stand Age on Nutrient Availability in Postharvest Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) Stands

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent G. Thompson ◽  
David E. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Jack Pine Forests ◽  
C And N ◽  
Mineralizable Nitrogen

Abstract Because of the long time periods involved, empirical data on the effects of preceding stand age on nutrient availability in the succeeding stand are scarce. We took advantage of a unique management situation in the jack pine forests of northern Lower Michigan to assess the effects of preceding stand age (24‐76 years) on postharvest soil nutrient availability. We found that potentially mineralizable nitrogen (N) and extractable phosphorus (P) increased with increasing age of the preceding stand. In contrast, we observed no response of total organic carbon (C) and N or extractable base cations to preceding stand age. Together, our results demonstrate that harvesting these forests at younger ages results in decreased availability of N and P immediately following harvest.

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on young jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and on its suitability as a host for jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1447-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah G. McCullough ◽  
Herbert M. Kulman
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Female Weight

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on growth, foliar nitrogen concentration, and monoterpenes were determined on 7- to 11-year-old jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) on two sites in northwestern Wisconsin. One site established after wildfire; the other after clear-cutting. Jack pine budworm (Choristoneurapinuspinus Free.) larvae were caged on fertilized and unfertilized trees on each site. Relations among foliar nitrogen, monoterpenes, larval survival, and adult budworm weight were examined. Foliar nitrogen concentration, needle weight, shoot and diameter growth, and monoterpene production were lower on wildfire site trees than on clear-cut site trees, and were significantly increased on both sites by fertilization. Fertilization increased production of staminate cones on the wildfire site. Height growth differed between sites but was unaffected by fertilization. Contrary to expectations based on the resource availability theory, foliar nitrogen and monoterpene levels were positively related. Survival of jack pine budworm larvae was greater on clear-cut than on wildfire site trees, but was not significantly affected by fertilization. Larvae on low-nitrogen trees on the wildfire site clipped more foliage than those on the clear-cut site, suggesting compensatory feeding. Adult female weight was higher for larvae on wildfire than clear-cut site trees. Two monoterpene compounds and site-related differences were the best predictors of adult female weight based on regression.

Negligible Cull and Growth Loss of Jack Pine Associated with Globose Gall Rust

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Mature Stands

The height and diameter of galled and unaffected jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were compared for five stands in northwestern Ontario. The severity of infection by globose gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii [J.P. Moore] Y. Hirat.) was rated as the total number of galls per tree and the number of stem galls per tree.Comparison of galled with unaffected trees in all stands showed essentially no size difference. Tree size increased relative to the number of galls per tree in one of the stands. This relationship was interpreted as reflecting that large individuals had more sites susceptible to infection. Trees were more uniform in size for the other stands and no size difference associated with numbers of galls was apparent.Galls were observed on the branches but not on the main stem of trees studied in mature stands. Hence, defect associated with the merchantable portion of the bole was nil. Both stem galls and branch galls were fairly common in young stands, an indication that jack pines with stem galls usually die as stands mature. Observations in other jack pine stands indicate that galled tissue and associated tree parts frequently do die.

Pollen cone production in jack pine: spatial and temporal patterns subject to natural disturbance by the jack pine budworm

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josie S. Hughes ◽  
Marie-Josée Fortin ◽  
Vince Nealis ◽  
Jacques Régnière
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Pollen Cone

Patterns of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lambert) pollen cone production are of interest because they may help explain jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman) outbreak patterns. We used generalized linear mixed models to analyze pollen cone production in 180 permanent plots in Ontario, Canada between 1992 and 2008. Pollen cone production increased with stand age, and large trees in sparsely-populated stands produced more pollen cones. Defoliation decreased the propensity of trees to produce pollen cones for at least two years. We also identified important patterns that are not explained by defoliation and stand characteristics. Pollen cone production is spatially synchronized among years, trees in central Ontario produced more pollen cones than trees in northwestern Ontario, and background cone production increased over time in the central region but not in more northwestern plots. Synchronized reproduction is common among tree species, but has not previously been noted for jack pine pollen cones. Increasing cone production in central Ontario may be evidence of changing forest and (or) climatic conditions and deserves further investigation. Our model can be used to quantitatively predict pollen cone production and assess the risk of jack pine budworm defoliation.

scholarly journals UAS-GEOBIA Approach to Sapling Identification in Jack Pine Barrens after Fire

Drones ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raechel White ◽  
Michael Bomber ◽  
Joseph Hupy ◽  
Ashton Shortridge
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Spectral Bands

Jack pine (pinus banksiana) forests are unique ecosystems controlled by wildfire. Understanding the traits of revegetation after wildfire is important for sustainable forest management, as these forests not only provide economic resources, but also are home to specialized species, like the Kirtland Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii). Individual tree detection of jack pine saplings after fire events can provide information about an environment’s recovery. Traditional satellite and manned aerial sensors lack the flexibility and spatial resolution required for identifying saplings in early post-fire analysis. Here we evaluated the use of unmanned aerial systems and geographic object-based image analysis for jack pine sapling identification in a region burned during the 2012 Duck Lake Fire in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Results of this study indicate that sapling identification accuracies can top 90%, and that accuracy improves with the inclusion of red and near infrared spectral bands. Results also indicated that late season imagery performed best when discriminating between young (<5 years) jack pines and herbaceous ground cover in these environments.

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