scholarly journals Effects of Preceding Stand Age on Nutrient Availability in Postharvest Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) Stands

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent G. Thompson ◽  
David E. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Jack Pine Forests ◽  
C And N ◽  
Mineralizable Nitrogen

Abstract Because of the long time periods involved, empirical data on the effects of preceding stand age on nutrient availability in the succeeding stand are scarce. We took advantage of a unique management situation in the jack pine forests of northern Lower Michigan to assess the effects of preceding stand age (24‐76 years) on postharvest soil nutrient availability. We found that potentially mineralizable nitrogen (N) and extractable phosphorus (P) increased with increasing age of the preceding stand. In contrast, we observed no response of total organic carbon (C) and N or extractable base cations to preceding stand age. Together, our results demonstrate that harvesting these forests at younger ages results in decreased availability of N and P immediately following harvest.

scholarly journals Trade-Offs among Release Treatments in Jack Pine Plantations: Twenty-Five Year Responses

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Holly D. Deighton ◽  
Frederick Wayne Bell ◽  
Nelson Thiffault ◽  
Eric B. Searle ◽  
Mathew Leitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Forest Diversity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Jack Pine Forests ◽  
Stand Yield ◽  
Forest Managers

We assessed 27 indicators of plant diversity, stand yield and individual crop tree responses 25 years post-treatment to determine long-term trade-offs among conifer release treatments in boreal and sub-boreal forests. This research addresses the lack of longer-term data needed by forest managers to implement more integrated vegetation management programs, supporting more informed decisions about release treatment choice. Four treatments (untreated control, motor-manual brushsaw, single aerial spray, and complete competition removal) were established at two jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) sites in Ontario, Canada. Our results suggest that plant diversity and productivity in boreal jack pine forests are significantly influenced by vegetation management treatments. Overall, release treatments did not cause a loss of diversity but benefitted stand-scale yield and individual crop tree growth, with maximum benefits occurring in more intensive release treatments. However, none of the treatments maximized all 27 indicators studied; thus, forest managers are faced with trade-offs when choosing treatments. Research on longer term effects, ideally through at least one rotation, is essential to fully understand outcomes of different vegetation management on forest diversity, stand yield, and individual crop tree responses.

Extreme cold temperatures and survival of overwintering and germinated Arceuthobium americanum seeds

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Brandt ◽  
Y Hiratsuka ◽  
D J Pluth
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Jack Pine Forests ◽  
Extreme Cold

Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) is one of the most damaging pathogens of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in western Canada. Jack pine forests in the colder, more northerly areas, however, are free of dwarf mistletoe, suggesting that the pathogen is limited by low temperature. The effect of extreme cold temperatures on germination rates of overwintering dwarf mistletoe seeds and survival of dwarf mistletoe germinants was evaluated. Germinative ability of overwintering seeds increased with increasing temperatures between –39 and –35 °C, regardless of seed source. Exposure period also strongly influenced germination rates. Exposure to temperatures near –38, –46, or –53 °C for 96 or 144 h was almost always lethal. At –37 °C, germination was greater after 48 h than after 96 h, although it was still significantly lower than in the controls. Temperatures down to –6 °C in late spring did not reduce germinant survival. Overall, these results may explain the absence of dwarf mistletoe from northern areas commonly exposed to periods in winter with minimum temperatures below about –40 °C. These areas are potentially at risk from the pathogen if the climate of Canada's northern interior continues to warm as it has over the last several decades.

Effects of watershed liming on terrestrial ecosystem processes

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Smallidge ◽  
Anthony R. Brach ◽  
Irene R. Mackun
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Watershed Liming

Watershed liming has been proposed to mitigate lake acidification and depletion of soil base cations. This paper reviews and synthesizes literature describing the effects of liming on natural terrestrial ecosystems, with a specific emphasis on watershed liming studies. Specifically, we look at the purpose of liming, types of lime, physiological role of calcium, lime effects on soil and belowground processes, and plant response to liming with special attention to growth and tissue chemistry, roots, and plant–plant interactions. Liming increases soil pH and either increases or decreases soil nutrient availability. Liming affects litter decomposition, mineral soil processes, root growth, plant nutrient uptake, and plant productivity. Interspecific plant interactions can be affected after liming. Specific soil and biotic responses depend upon the type and amount of lime applied, the period of observation, soil characteristics, and species composition.Key words: watershed liming, CaCO3, calcite, dolomite, calcium, ecosystem response to liming, wetland liming, forest liming, nutrient availability, soil acidity.

Timing and duration of herbaceous vegetation control in northern conifer plantations: 15th-year tree growth and soil nutrient effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (03) ◽  
pp. 398-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hoepting ◽  
R.G. Wagner ◽  
J. McLaughlin ◽  
D.G. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Soil Nutrient Pools

A 15-year re-measurement of a study designed to identify the optimum timing and duration of herbaceous vegetation control in plantations of four commercial conifer species was completed in northern Ontario. Few differences were revealed in conifer growth when contrasting early and delayed timing of vegetation control. Conversely, each conifer species responded positively to increased duration of vegetation control, with stand volume gains of up to 209% achieved with four to five years of vegetation control following planting. Compared to earlier assessments, the timing of vegetation control appeared less important than duration. Diminishing returns in the fastest-growing species (jack pine [Pinus banksiana Lamb.] and red pine [Pinus resinosa Ait.]) are consistent with intraspecific competition related to the onset of crown closure in these stands. Quantification of a suite of soil nutrient pools along the gradient of increased duration of vegetation control indicated that the more intensive levels of vegetation control did not adversely affect the assessed soil nutrient pools in red pine or jack pine, but a cautionary approach should be considered for white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP), where some declines were evident. Vegetation control for two to three years following planting should maximize early conifer growth potential without adverse longer-term effects on soil nutrient pools.

Interactions between deadwood and soil characteristics in a natural boreal trembling aspen – jack pine stand1This article is one of a selection of papers from the International Symposium on Dynamics and Ecological Services of Deadwood in Forest Ecosystems.

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1456-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Brais ◽  
Pascal Drouin
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Trembling Aspen

Decaying wood contribution to the heterogeneity of forest soils could depend on tree species and wood decay stage. The study was conducted in an 85-year-old trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) – jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest in northwestern Quebec, Canada. Trees, snags, logs, and forest floor originating from wood buried within the forest floor (lignic FF) and from fine litter (alignic FF) were inventoried in fifteen 400 m2 plots (nine jack pine and six trembling aspen). Chemical properties of alignic and lignic FF and logs were measured and relative nutrient availability in the mineral soil assessed under logs and under lignic and alignic FF using PRS probes. No significant differences between forest covers were found for the proportion of C and nutrients contained in deadwood (snags, logs, and lignic FF) relative to tree biomass plus necromass (deadwood plus alignic FF) content. Lignic FF was characterized by a higher C/N ratio and exchangeable acidity than alignic FF and its nutrient concentrations were between those of alignic FF and logs. Differences in wood characteristics may explain some of the differences in forest floor properties observed between trembling aspen and jack pine. Nutrient availability in the mineral soil was affected by the overlaying materials and could reflect differences in the dynamics of individual nutrients.

The composition, diversity, and heterogeneity of some jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands in northeastern Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2629-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Effects ◽  
Canopy Type

Understorey composition, diversity, and interquadrat heterogeneity are examined among a series of 23 jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) dominated stands in northeastern Ontario. Information on the soils, density, and age structure of the trees was available for each site studied. Composition in both vegetation and soils data sets was explored using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), an efficient trend seeking ordination technique. Following a rotation to congruence of vegetation axes upon those for soil, variation in the soils data accounted for a maximum of 40–50% variance in the first two axes of the vegetation analysis. Examination of a residual ordination, after soil effects were removed, indicated a primary gradient related to both canopy type and frequency of disturbance by surface fire. Diversity measures, including richness and N2, showed no relationship to stand age, disturbance frequency, or canopy type. Some indefinite patterns appeared with bryophyte diversity. Interquadrat heterogeneity showed no relationship to stand age, canopy type, or disturbance regime as more than one source of spatial pattern was evident among the stands. These results are discussed in relation to the study of succession by indirect methods.

Landscape genetic structure of Pinus banksiana: allozyme variation

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuauhtemoc Saenz-Romero ◽  
Raymond P Guries ◽  
Andrew I Monk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Jack Pine Forests ◽  
Forest Mosaic ◽  
Landscape Genetic

Many of Wisconsin's jack pine forests originated following fire or agricultural abandonment creating a forest mosaic fragmented by a history of disturbance and past land use. The extent and patterning of genetic diversity at a landscape scale (30 × 30 km) was investigated in 82 natural Pinus banksiana Lamb. (jack pine) stands in Wisconsin using 14 polymorphic allozymes. Most measures of genetic diversity and overall allelic frequencies varied little among these stands, and Reynolds' (coancestry) genetic distances were small (mean = 0.026). Genetic differentiation among stands was limited but significant ([Formula: see text]ST = 0.022). Gene flow (Nm) is extensive, estimated to be slightly more than 11 migrants per generation. Autocorrelation analysis provided evidence for a weak pattern of genetic structure at a few loci with a spatial scale of 8–15 km. However, when all loci were examined together the populations did not present a clear spatial pattern across the landscape, probably because of extensive gene flow among stands.Key words: jack pine, allozymes, genetic diversity, population differentiation, spatial autocorrelation, gene flow.

Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1540-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Striegl ◽  
Kimberly P Wickland
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Measured Flux ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Mature Stands

Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emission (soil respiration), net CO2 exchange after photosynthetic uptake by ground-cover plants, and soil CO2 concentration versus depth below land surface were measured at four ages of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest in central Saskatchewan. Soil respiration was smallest at a clear-cut site, largest in an 8-year-old stand, and decreased with stand age in 20-year-old and mature (60–75 years old) stands during May– September 1994 (12.1, 34.6, 31.5, and 24.9 mol C·m–2, respectively). Simulations of soil respiration at each stand based on continuously recorded soil temperature were within one standard deviation of measured flux for 48 of 52 measurement periods, but were 10%–30% less than linear interpolations of measured flux for the season. This was probably due to decreased soil respiration at night modeled by the temperature-flux relationships, but not documented by daytime chamber measurements. CO2 uptake by ground-cover plants ranged from 0 at the clear-cut site to 29, 25, and 9% of total growing season soil respiration at the 8-year, 20-year, and mature stands. CO2 concentrations were as great as 7150 ppmv in the upper 1 m of unsaturated zone and were proportional to measured soil respiration.

Pollen cone production in jack pine: spatial and temporal patterns subject to natural disturbance by the jack pine budworm

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josie S. Hughes ◽  
Marie-Josée Fortin ◽  
Vince Nealis ◽  
Jacques Régnière
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Pollen Cone

Patterns of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lambert) pollen cone production are of interest because they may help explain jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman) outbreak patterns. We used generalized linear mixed models to analyze pollen cone production in 180 permanent plots in Ontario, Canada between 1992 and 2008. Pollen cone production increased with stand age, and large trees in sparsely-populated stands produced more pollen cones. Defoliation decreased the propensity of trees to produce pollen cones for at least two years. We also identified important patterns that are not explained by defoliation and stand characteristics. Pollen cone production is spatially synchronized among years, trees in central Ontario produced more pollen cones than trees in northwestern Ontario, and background cone production increased over time in the central region but not in more northwestern plots. Synchronized reproduction is common among tree species, but has not previously been noted for jack pine pollen cones. Increasing cone production in central Ontario may be evidence of changing forest and (or) climatic conditions and deserves further investigation. Our model can be used to quantitatively predict pollen cone production and assess the risk of jack pine budworm defoliation.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilization on Growth and Mortality of Jack Pine Growing on Poor, Sandy Soils in Michigan, USA: Implications for Sustainable Management

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Nutrient Limitations ◽  
Budget Analysis

Our understanding of nutrient limitations to jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) growth is lacking across the Lake States of the USA (Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota), where this species makes up an important forest cover type on nutrient poor sands. Currently this cover type is managed using whole-tree harvesting (WTH) across large areas of state and federal forestland, which raises concerns for long-term declines in soil fertility and future productivity. In this study, I carried out a factorial fertilization experiment to better understand potential nutrient limitations to jack pine growth on excessively drained sandy soils in northern Lower Michigan. Treatments were nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and base cations applied singly and in all factorial combinations. In addition, I constructed input-output nutrient budgets for jack pine management in northern Lower Michigan using existing data on atmospheric deposition, weathering and harvest nutrient removals. In no case did I observe an increase in tree growth rate to fertilization, instead I observed an overall decline in growth rates, and an increase in mortality rates, in trees fertilized with N. Nitrogen-induced imbalances of foliar N: potassium (K) were strongly correlated with decreased growth in N amended plots. Together with nutrient budget analysis, which indicated that harvest removals of K greatly exceed inputs over the planned rotation, this suggests that WTH may not be sustainable over multiple rotations. Furthermore, the impacts of WTH on ecosystem K status are likely to be exacerbated over time by anthropogenic N deposition.

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