Vegetation analysis of the Forest Park of Pocut Meurah Intan (THRPMI), Seulawah Subdistrict, Aceh Besar, Aceh Province

A study entitled “Vegetation Analysis of the Forest Park of Pocut Meurah Intan, Seulawah Subdistrict of Aceh Besar, Aceh Province” has been conducted since April 2019 until November 2019. A transect method and squares were used in this study. The transect method was used to record species composition throughout the observation stations (inventory of species), including stands of pine (Pinus merkusii) with ten stations transect, stands of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla), stands of cacao (Theobroma cacao), and natural forests within a radius of 2 km around the THRPMI office. The squares method was used to record the species in the same locations to replicate each station by ten squares of samples for vegetation analysis. The parameters measured in the field were frequency, density, and dominance of each species. Analysis of vegetation covered Importance Values (IV), Diversity Index (H ’), and the Similarity Index (SI). Results showed that there were 49 familia found with the composition of species in the entire observation stations comprising of 111 species with 58 species of trees, 12 species of shrubs, and 41 species of herbs. Additionally, the results showed that the species of vegetation with the highest IV were coarse grass (Imperata cylindrica), lawn pait (Axonopus compresus), and selasi (Vernonia cinerea) with IV of 72.01, 65.34, and 57.24, respectively. Results of analysis Species Diversity Index (H ’) showed that the Pinus merkusii had H’ of 2,134, whereas Eucalyptus urophylla had H ’of 1.965, and Theobroma cacao had H’ of 1,067. The results of the analysis of Community Similarity Index showed that all stations had the same relative SI of 75%. It can be concluded that the species composition of the study area dominated by tree species, species diversity index (H ’) in all observation stations varied ranging from 1.067 to 2.134, and the relative Community Similarity Index was 75%.

Inventory of Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. in Lae Kombih Forest Park Area, Subulussalam

Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. is a plant that grows in the tropical rain forests of western Indonesia which is categorized as a valuable timber tree. Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn is a plant that is categorized as a valuable timber tree. Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn also known as the camphor tree, lime or Sumatran camphor, this tree can grow to a height of 60 m with an average trunk diameter of 9 m. Camphor tree is a plant species belonging to the Dipterocarpaceae family which has several advantages because its tree trunk can produce a variety of high economic value commodities such as camphor, balsamic acid, resin, essential oil, beams, poles, roof construction and boards in residential buildings. The method used for the inventory of rare plants is done by using the method of vegetation analysis, the parameters in this study were the type, number, diameter and height of the Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. tree. Vegetation analysis was carried out by plotting 13 plots, each sample plot measuring 20 m x 20 m. The sample used is a total sample using a random sampling system method, the sampling chossen by exploring the area of the Tahura Lae Kombih area where the Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn is located. The results shows that the plant species were found starting from the seedling, sapling, pole and tree levels. The most dominant species in this area is Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn that has Important Value Indeks of seedling 163%, Sapling 270%, Pole 283% and Tree 216%.

The Potency of Cratoxylum arborescens Blume (Geronggang) and Combrecarpus rotundatus Dans (Tumih) as Natural Regeneration in Degraded Tropical Peat Swamp Forest

The massive forest fire disasters have left an enormous area of ​​degraded peatland. This study aims to analyze the performance of two species, namely C. arborescens and C. rotundatus, as the natural regeneration post forest fires. This research was conducted in 5 different locations that experienced severe fires in 2006. We made a total of 25 plots for each location to measure biodiversity at four growth levels. We analyzed the data with vegetation analysis formulas from Magurran. The results show that at the tree growth level, C. rotundatus can withstand the fires in 2006 and is currently still growing in more significant numbers than C. arborescens. At the pole, sapling, and seedling growth levels, these species perform well as natural regeneration species with many individuals, but C. arborescens is a bit more dominant. Both species are suitable for natural regeneration after fires in degraded peat swamp forests based on survived and existing individuals. On the other hand, both species could not improve the vegetation diversity in the whole ecosystem. These two species can be the option for natural regeneration if there a limited budget and the degraded areas are in a very remote location.

Spatial Analysis of Universitas Indonesia (UI) Urban Forest Microclimate and Its Biodiversity

Universitas Indonesia (UI) Urban Forest is located in the middle of an urban area. Vegetation analysis is one way to define the vegetation health to reach the urban forest sustainability. On the other hand, the vegetation analysis in UI Urban Forest was done thirteen years ago and needed to be updated. Moreover, there has not been vegetation analysis yet of UI Urban Forest using remote sensing combining the microclimate also biodiversity. This research method combines remote sensing and primary data collection. It classify the Landsat 8 (OLI) to the NDVI as the unit analysis (low, medium, high). Primary data collection started by random stratified sampling with a sampling intensity of 0.77% (18 plots), where in each plot, the temperature-humidity was measured, and the vegetation and bird were identified. As a result, the map of temperature and humidity was produced, and it correlates to the vegetation cover where the vegetation is high, the temperature is low, and the humidity is high. On the other hand, the vegetation structure and composition were analyzed. In conclusion, there is a significant difference between the NDVI vegetation class to the UI Urban Forest microclimate and its biodiversity (vegetations and birds).

A Hybrid Vegetation Detection Framework: Integrating Vegetation Indices and Convolutional Neural Network

Vegetation inspection and monitoring is a time-consuming task. In the era of industrial revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), commercially known as drones, are in demand, being adopted for vegetation inspection and monitoring activities. However, most off-the-shelf drones are least favoured by vegetation maintenance departments for on-site inspection due to limited spectral bands camera restricting advanced vegetation analysis. Most of these drones are normally equipped with a normal red, green, and blue (RGB) camera. Additional spectral bands are found to produce more accurate analysis during vegetation inspection, but at the cost of advanced camera functionalities, such as multispectral camera. Vegetation indices (VI) is a technique to maximize detection sensitivity related to vegetation characteristics while minimizing other factors which are not categorised otherwise. The emergence of machine learning has slowly influenced the existing vegetation analysis technique in order to improve detection accuracy. This study focuses on exploring VI techniques in identifying vegetation objects. The selected VIs investigated are Visible Atmospheric Resistant Index (VARI), Green Leaf Index (GLI), and Vegetation Index Green (VIgreen). The chosen machine learning technique is You Only Look Once (YOLO), which is a clever convolutional neural network (CNN) offering object detection in real time. The CNN model has a symmetrical structure along the direction of the tensor flow. Several series of data collection have been conducted at identified locations to obtain aerial images. The proposed hybrid methods were tested on captured aerial images to observe vegetation detection performance. Segmentation in image analysis is a process to divide the targeted pixels for further detection testing. Based on our findings, more than 70% of the vegetation objects in the images were accurately detected, which reduces the misdetection issue faced by previous VI techniques. On the other hand, hybrid segmentation methods perform best with the combination of VARI and YOLO at 84% detection accuracy.

Distribution patterns and population structure of salagundi (Rhodoleia teysmanii) From North Tapanuli-North Sumatra

North Sumatra known as bigger island with abundant of tropical tree species. Some of those were lesser known species. One of lesser-known and potential species from North Sumatera is Salagundi (Rhodoleia teysmanii). Despite being widely utilized by locals peoples, information on Salagundi’s population and other characteristics is very limited. The community in the surrounding area frequently uses wood for a variety of functions, such home construction. Excessive consumption potentially threatent the species’ existence in the habitat. Therefore, this study aims to determine the distribution pattern and population structure of Salagundi in Simorangkir Julu Village, Siatas Barita District, North Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province. For those purpose, vegetation analysis techniques using a combination of plotted lines and lines were adopted. Result of this research showed that, distribution pattern of Salagundi at the seedling to tree level was clumped with the Morisita (Ip) index value of 0.51 -0.53. The population structure curve was the J-shaped reversed. This shows that the condition of the population is sustainable.

To The Characteristic Of Cenopopulations Dactylorhiza Dactylorhiza Fuchsii (Druce) Soo Of The Middle And Southern Taiga

The article presents materials on the ecological and phytocenotic characteristics of Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soo in the southern and middle taiga phytocenoses of the Kirov region. In the course of the study, the typical habitats of the species were established. Vegetation analysis carried out using phytoindication scales by D.N. Tsyganov (1983), made it possible to establish fragments of ecological niches in the conditions of the southern and middle taiga. It was found that in the middle taiga phytocenoses, the species is more sensitive to changes in soil factors given by the researcher than in the southern taiga. Analysis of vegetation in terms of hemerobicity indicates the relative resistance of the species to anthropogenic impact.

Vegetation diversity of Hevea brasiliensis agroforest system in Tumbang Mantuhe Village, Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

A rubber agroforest system is a form of land use that considers ecological and economic aspects that are still maintained by the people of Tumbang Mantuhe Village. This study aims to identify and analyze the diversity of vegetation in the agroforest system in Tumbang Mantuhe Village, Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan. This research uses purposive sampling and the vegetation analysis method. The results showed that the species of vegetation in the rubber agroforest system amounted to 29 species in 23 families. At the seedling level, it is dominated by Macaranga sp. and Xylopia ferruginea; the sapling level is dominated by H. brasiliensis and Syzygium tawahense; the pole level is dominated by Deplanchea bancana and Xylopia ferruginea; at the tree, the level is dominated by H. brasiliensis and Lithocarpus sp. At the seedling, sapling, pole, and tree levels, the diversity values were moderate and the species richness values were moderate to high, and the species distribution was even (stable). The H. brasiliensis agroforest system with various trees in it is a characteristic of local wisdom that the people of Tumbang Mantuhe Village have applied from generation to generation, which provides a balance between ecology and economy.

Identification of highland peat vegetation in the Sub-district of Lintong Nihuta, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia

This study aims to identify the structure, composition, and current status of highland peat vegetation in the Lintong Nihuta Sub-district, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra Province. The research conducted from December 2020 to April 2021. This study uses a survey method. The plots were laid using the purposive sampling method considering that the observed plots were those with naturally growing vegetation and accessible terrain. Sampling used the double plot vegetation analysis method with a plot size of 4 x 4 m for seedlings and 20 x 20 m for saplings obtained by measuring the minimum area of the plot. The data obtained were analyzed for frequency calculations, important value index (IVI), and Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’). The results of the vegetation analysis showed that from the four existing growth classes, only two growth classes were found at the research site, namely seedlings and saplings with a total of 23 species. The vegetation composition is dominated by shrub habitus which indicates that this peatland has been degraded. The dominant species in the study site were Lepinoria mucronata Rich. and Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.) F. Underw. The value of the biodiversity index (H’) is 0.8 with a low criterion which means the vegetation ecosystem at the study site is unstable