scholarly journals Inflorescence and flower development in Costus scaber (Costaceae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce K. Kirchoff
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Outer Whorl ◽  
Anodic Side ◽  
Precocious Development ◽  
Rhizome System

The inflorescence of Costus scaber terminates an erect axis of a sympodial rhizome system. Primary bracts are borne on the inflorescence in spiral monostichous phyllotaxy. One-flowered cincinni occur in the axils of these bracts. Each cincinnus consists of an axis bearing a terminal flower and a secondary bract on the anodic side of the flower. A tertiary bud forms in the axil of this bract but does not complete development. The inflorescence terminates by cessation of growth of the apex and precocious development of the primary bracts. Floral organs are formed sequentially beginning with the calyx, and continuing with the corolla and inner androecial whorl, outer androecial whorl, and gynoecium. All flower parts, except for the calyx, originate from a ring primordium. Regions of this primordium separate to form the corolla and inner androecial members. It was not possible to determine the sequence of androecial member formation. The labellum is composed of five androecial members, three from the outer whorl and two from the inner. The third member of the inner whorl forms the stamen and its petaloid appendage. The gynoecium forms from three conduplicate primordia. The margins of two of these primordia are the product of phyietic fusion.

Development of pedicellariae in the pluteus larva of Lytechinus pictus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Lytechinus Pictus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adult Rudiment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Larval Skeleton ◽  
Precocious Development

Three tridentate pedicellariae develop in the pluteus larva of Lytechinus pictus. Two are located on the right side of the larval body and the third is on the posterior end of the larva. The pedicellariae form from mesenchyme associated with the larval skeleton which becomes enclosed in an invagination of larval epidermis. The mesenchyme within the pedicellaria primordium aggregates into groups of cells that become skeletogenic tissues which secrete the pedicellaria jaws, and smooth and striated muscles. Nerves and sensory cells develop within the epidermis covering the pedicellariae. Pedicellaria formation takes 3 days and occurs about midway through the development of the adult rudiment. During metamorphosis the pedicellariae are shifted to the aboral surface of the juvenile.Pedicellariae that develop in the larvae are fully operable prior to metamorphosis and do not appear to be released from any rudimentary state of development by metamorphosis. At least 16 echinoid species are reported to form pedicellariae in the larva. The precocious development of these adult structures appears to be dispersed throughout the orders of regular urchins.

CYCLE BIOLOGIQUE DE PISSODES NOTATUS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) DANS LA REGION TOULOUSAINE (FRANCE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Alauzet
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Cycle Biologique ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pissodes Notatus ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractThe maximal emergence of Pissodes notatus (F.) adults takes place during July and August. It results from the different evolution of two populations:— a first population, whose complete development (from egg to adult) takes 11 or 12 months. This population corresponds to eggs laid after the middle of July (maximum egg laying during September). Most of the larvae having reached the third instar, it shows no more evolution during the winter; the further development takes place during the next spring, and adults emerge from mid-June to mid-July.— a second population resulting from egg laying, between February and July, of hibernated adults (maximum egg laying during April and May). The whole development being very short (2 to 3 months), the adults, corresponding to these eggs, emerge from the middle of July to the end of August.The observed differences between durations of the under-bark development (from 2 to 12 months) appear free of diapause and probably result from rates of development changing with temperature and instar.In our regional field temperature conditions, all the individuals reach finally their under-bark development approximatively at the same time, so that the adult emergence period takes place in July and August.

The Progress of Nymphal Development in Pest Grasshoppers (Acrididae) of Western Canada

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Good Chance ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Grasshopper Species ◽  
Nymphal Development ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Successful Reproduction ◽  
The Times

AbstractEach of the three grasshopper species, Camnula pellucida, Melanoplus bilituratus and M. bivittatus, spent approximately 13, 17, 19, 22 and 29% of total time in nymphal development in the successive five instars. These proportions appeared similar at each of the six rearing temperatures 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100°F. The times required for total nymphal development at these temperatures were 53, 36, 28½, 23½, 18 and 17 days, respectively. It was estimated that, for the grasshoppers to complete nymphal development and attain sexual maturity in time to have a reasonably good chance of successful reproduction, their integrated temperature experience for 12-hour days should be not less than 95°F. Whereas the apparent mid-point of nymphal development in terms of morphogenesis is midway through the third instar in the typical five-instar grasshoppers, the midpoint of time spent at constant temperatures is near the end of the third instar. C. pellucida appears unable to complete nymphal development at a temperature as low as 75°F.; the Melanoplus species, however, can complete development at this temperature, but with reduced survival.

Parallels between Unusual Floral Organs and FIMBRIATA, Genes Controlling Flower Development in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1501
Author(s):  
Gwyneth C. Ingram ◽  
Justin Goodrich ◽  
Mark D. Wilkinson ◽  
Rudiger Simon ◽  
George W. Haughn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Organs

The Arabidopsis nectary is an ABC-independent floral structure

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 4657-4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart F. Baum ◽  
Yuval Eshed ◽  
John L. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Selector Genes ◽  
B Class Genes

In contrast to the conservation of floral organ order in angiosperm flowers, nectary glands can be found in various floral and extrafloral positions. Since in Arabidopsis, the nectary develops only at the base of stamens, its specification was assayed with regard to the floral homeotic ABC selector genes. We show that the nectary can form independently of any floral organ identity gene but is restricted to the ‘third whorl’ domain in the flower. This domain is, in part, specified redundantly by LEAFY and UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS. Even though nectary glands arise from cells previously expressing the B class genes, their proper development requires the down-regulation of B class gene activity. While CRABS CLAW is essential for nectary gland formation, its ectopic expression is not sufficient to induce ectopic nectary formation. We show that in Arabidopsis multiple factors act to restrict the nectary to the flower, and surprisingly, some of these factors are LEAFY and UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS.

Isolation and characterization of novel mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana defective in flower development

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Komaki ◽  
K. Okada ◽  
E. Nishino ◽  
Y. Shimura
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Homeotic Conversion

We have isolated a number of mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, a member of the mustard family, that have defects in flower development and morphogenesis. Of these, five mutants have been extensively characterized. Two mutants (Fl-40, Fl- 48) lacking petals show homeotic conversion of sepals to carpels. One mutant (Fl-54) displays highly variable phenotypes, including several types of homeotic variations, loss or distorted positions of the floral organs as well as abnormal structures on the inflorescence. Two other mutants (Fl-82, Fl-89) show aberrant structures in the pistils. Genetic analyses have revealed that these mutations are single and recessive, except for one mutant whose mutational loci still remain to be determined. These mutants may prove useful for the analysis of the genetic control of flower development and morphogenesis in the higher plant.

Molecular cloning of ABNORMAL FLORAL ORGANS : a gene required for flower development in Arabidopsis

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mande K. Kumaran ◽  
D. Ye ◽  
Wei-Cai Yang ◽  
Megan E. Griffith ◽  
Abdul M. Chaudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Cloning ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Organs

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF TIMING OF BUD DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF FLOWER INFLORESCENCE IN BLACKBERRY (Rubus spp.) CULTIVARS IN NORTHERN TURKEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Beril Kocaman ◽  
Hüsnü Demirsoy ◽  
Leyla Demirsoy
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Lateral Branches

Blackberry (Rubus spp.) production is attracting interest in Turkey’s northern part, but information on timing of bud differentiation and developmental stages of flower inflorescence on next season is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the timing of bud differentiation and development stages of flower inflorescence in 4 biennial fruiting blackberry (Rubus spp.) cultivars (‘Chester’, ‘Dirksen Thornless’, ‘Jumbo’, ‘Bursa 1’) grown in northern Turkey. Axillary bud samples were collected from the middle parts of the one year of lateral branches every 7–15 days from September 2008 to May 2010. Ten development stages were identified from the flower bud differentiation to post-bloom period. The transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage occurred during September to October, with the differentiation of the terminal flower occurring on September 18 in ‘Bursa 1’, October 4–9 in ‘Dirksen Thornless’, October 16–20 in ‘Jumbo’, and October 20–22 in ‘Chester’. In all the examined cultivars, flower development occurred between September and June and lasted for 193–215 days.

Flowering and fruit set in the Packham's Triumph pear

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
DG Wauchope
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Self ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Terminal Flower

Field observations were made of flowering, fruit set, and fruitlet drop on the self sterile pear variety Packham's Triumph. All flowers were hand pollinated on the day of anthesis so that lack of pollination was not a limiting factor. In general, the flowers opened in order from the lowest to the terminal flower in the truss in approximate daily succession. During the first three weeks after petal fall, fruitlet drop occurred mainly from the higher axillary and terminal positions in the truss, and during the next three weeks there was some thinning out of fruitlets in the lower axillary positions. At harvest, most of the remaining fruit occurred at the second and particularly the third positions from the base of the truss. Fruit set was directly related to the number of flowers in the truss.

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