Taxonomic status of Fusicoccum amygdali and Phomopsis amygdalina

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1275-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Tuset ◽  
M.A. T. Portilla
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Peach Trees

A comparative study was done in Spain of canker and withering of branches in almond and peach trees. Similar diseases of these fruit trees, described by several authors and attributed to Fusicoccum amygdali and Phomopsis amygdalina, suggests that these fungi are identical. Spanish isolates produced phialidic conidiogenous cells and occasionally β-conidia typical of the genus Phomopsis. A study of the type specimen of F. amygdali reveals that it also belongs in Phomopsis. Phomopsis amygdali (Del.) Tuset & Portilla comb.nov. is proposed to accommodate the fungus; Phomopsis amygdalina Canonaco is reduced to synonymy with it.

scholarly journals Dwarfing-canopy and rootstock cultivars for fruit trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Donadio ◽  
Ildo Eliezer Lederman ◽  
Sergio Ruffo Roberto ◽  
Eduardo Sanches Stucchi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Dwarf Rootstocks ◽  
Dwarfing Rootstocks

Abstract As fruit trees generally have a large size, the production of small or even dwarf trees is of great interest for most of fruit crops. In this review, some of the main tropical, subtropical and temperate fruit trees that have small or even dwarfing cultivars are approached. The causes of dwarfism, although the use of dwarfing rootstocks, is the main theme of this review. The factors that affect the size of the fruit trees are also approached, as well the dwarf cultivars of banana, papaya and cashew, and the dwarf rootstocks for guava, mango, anonaceae, loquat, citrus, apple and peach trees.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Botryosphaeria spp. Causing Gummosis of Peach Trees in Hubei Province, Central China

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1378-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
Lina Zhao ◽  
Guohuai Li ◽  
Junbin Huang ◽  
Tom Hsiang
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Central China ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Fusicoccum Aesculi ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Genomic Regions

Peach (Prunus persica) is one of the most important and widely grown fruit trees in China; however, perennial gummosis on trunks and branches is a major problem in peach orchards of Hubei Province, one of the most important peach production areas of China. In order to identify the gummosis-causing agents, diseased trunks and branches were collected from 11 peach orchards in Hubei Province. Fungal isolates were obtained from these samples, yielding three species: Botryosphaeria dothidea (anamorph Fusicoccum aesculi), B. rhodina (anamorph Lasiodiplodia theobromae), and B. obtusa (anamorph Diplodia seriata). They were identified based on conidial morphology and cultural characteristics, as well as analyses of nucleotide sequences of three genomic regions: the internal transcribed spacer region, a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene. Fusicoccum aesculi was found in all 11 orchards but L. theobromae was found only in Shayang County in the Jingmen region and D. seriata only in Gong'an County in the Jingzhou region. Via artificial inoculation using mycelia on wounded twigs or branches, these three species were all found to be pathogenic, causing dark lesions on the twigs and branches and, sometimes, gum exudation from diseased parts. Isolates of L. theobromae were the most virulent and caused the largest lesions and most copious gummosis, and D. seriata had less gum than the other two species. This report represents the first description of L. theobromae and D. seriata as causal agents of gummosis on peach in China.

Response of newly planted peach and apple trees to superphosphate

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
BK Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
One Year ◽  
Peach Trees

The response of peach and apple trees to added superphosphate was recorded both in the nursery and later in the orchard after transplanting. The peach and apple trees responded positively to phosphate applications in both the nursery and the orchard despite the initial presence of medium to high phosphate levels in the soils. Of major interest, too, was the absence of a consistent interaction between the phosphate treatments applied in the separate years. This suggested that the trees could not accumulate enough phosphorus in any one year to influence their response to further phosphate. Leaf analysis showed two important effects in relation to the phosphate treatments. Firstly, since high rates of application of fertilizer led to only small increases in the levels of phosphorus in the leaves, tree growth rate and phosphate absorption rate are apparently closely coupled. Secondly, the deliberate withholding of phosphate fertilizer from all trees in the fourth season led to a marked decline in the levels of phosphorus in the leaves of both peach and apple, which suggested that phosphate fertilizer should be applied annually to young fruit trees. With apple, but not peach, increasing the rate of phosphate applied in the third season stimulated the number of flower buds initiated, but this effect was not simply the result of increased vegetative growth. On the other hand, phosphate application to the peach trees in the orchard resulted in a positive fruit set and yield response in the absence of any tree growth response.

The taxonomic status of the phytosaurs (Archosauriformes) Machaeroprosopus and Pseudopalatus from the Late Triassic of the western United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 103 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Parker ◽  
Axel Hungerbühler ◽  
Jeffrey W. Martz
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
International Code ◽  
Primary Literature

ABSTRACTThe genus Machaeroprosopus has long been considered invalid because the type specimen of the Late Triassic phytosaur species, M. validus, has been lost. Re-examination of the primary literature regarding the establishment of the Late Triassic phytosaur genus Machaeroprosopus demonstrates that M. buceros is the correct type species, not M. validus. Thus, the genus level name Machaeroprosopus has priority over the genera Pseudopalatus and Arribasuchus and all nominal species should be reassigned. Reassignment of these species to Machaeroprosopus satisfies the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and preserves historical context. The name Pseudopalatinae is retained as the valid clade name for these phytosaurs because its usage falls outside of the ICZN.

scholarly journals Taxonomic entity of Saussurea taquetii (Asteraceae) compared with S. japonica and S. pulchella

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-385
Author(s):  
Eun-Mi SUN ◽  
Seon A YUN ◽  
Seung-Chul KIM ◽  
Hyoung-Tak IM
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Taxon

Saussurea taquetii reported from Jejudo Island is either treated as a synonym of S. japonica or is recognized as a distinct taxon. Saussurea japonica and S. pulchella belong to the sect. Theodorea by having peculiar outer phyllaries with pale purplish scarious apical appendages; they are closely related to each other morphologically and are known to occur widely throughout the Korean Peninsula. To assess the taxonomic status of S. taquetii, we investigated representative populations of S. taquetii from jejudo Island, Korea, and S. japonica from Kyushu in Japan. We conducted a comparative study morphologically using specimens of three species from KH, CNU, and TI. Saussurea taquetii is very similar morphologically and ecologically to S. japonica in Kyushu. Unlike previous floristic treatments, we concluded that the two taxa, S. pulchella and S. taquetii, occur on the Korean Peninsula and on jejudo Island, respectively.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical evolution of peach leaf buds during dormancy course under two contrasted temperature patterns

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Leite ◽  
M. Bonhomme ◽  
G. L. Putti ◽  
G. Petel ◽  
J. L. Petri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Physiological Evolution ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Water Contents

Budbreak anomalies in temperate fruit trees grown under mild conditions have often been described. However, only few authors approached the physiological evolution of leaf buds all along the dormancy period according to the temperature pattern. The aim of this study was to characterize the evolution of peach leaf bud dormancy through some physiological and biochemical parameters under temperate winter conditions and under total cold deprivation after the endodormancy onset. Two treatments were applied in peach trees cv. Redhaven: (i) Regular Chilling Amounts — RCA and (ii) Total Chilling Deprivation — TCD. Buds were sampled periodically from different parts of the stem (terminal, medium and basal ones). We recorded the evolution of: carbohydrate concentrations (glucose, fructose, sucrose, sorbitol and starch), respiration rate, water contents and energy metabolism (ATP and ADP ratio). The dynamics of these parameters were compared and correlated with dormancy evolution ("one node cuttings" test) and budbreak patterns in plank:. The endodormancy intensity of terminal buds was significantly lower than those of median and basal buds in early October. Under RCA treatment, this gradient faded and the bud endodormancy release was completed at the same time in all positions along the stem. Thereafter, the "cuttings" test indicated that terminal buds grew slightly faster than median and basal buds, and, consistently, budbreak in planta started with the terminals buds, followed by the medians and then by the basal ones. The carbohydrate contents showed a transitory change only when the buds began to grow after the endodormancy was released under RCA. Respiration, water content and ATP/ADP changed dynamics only under RCA and only after the end of the endodormancy (their respective changes were very parallel). The dynamics of none of the tested parameters could be related with the endodormancy dynamics, but respiration, water content and ATP/ADP could be consistent markers of the actual bud growth before bud break (in this respect, ATP/ADP could not show differences between the terminal and axillary buds while respiration and water content could).

The taxonomic status of Merychippus insignis Leidy

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1277-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Evander
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Ancestral Group ◽  
The Many

The genus Merychippus was erected by Leidy (1857), who named as the type species Merychippus insignis. The type specimen of M. insignis is an immature and incomplete maxilla containing a broken dp2 and a dp3. The type comes from the Bijou Hills of South Dakota, probably from the Barstovian (middle Miocene) Fort Randall Formation of South Bijou Hill in Charles Mix County (Skinner and Taylor, 1967), but possibly from the overlying undifferentiated Ogallala Formation, or possibly from North Bijou Hill in Brule County. Despite this enigmatic type, the species M. insignis has frequently been identified in the fossil record, and the genus Merychippus has grown to include all mesodont horses (Stirton, 1940). Conceptually, the taxon Merychippus is considered a horizontal grade rather than a vertical clade (Simpson, 1945, p. 18). As a horizontal concept, the genus Merychippus derived importance as the ancestral group for the many Mio-Pliocene lineages of hypsodont horses. Today, as horse classification is remodeled along cladistic lines, the taxon Merychippus derives importance from its early naming. Several distinctive horse clades extend upward from a middle Miocene radiation (Stirton, 1940; Quinn, 1955). If M. insignis can be placed within one of these clades, then it is likely that the clade will bear the generic nomen Merychippus because of the antiquity of the name.

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