Diversity and abundance of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi of Gaultheria shallon on forest clearcuts

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Xiao ◽  
Shannon M. Berch
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Gaultheria Shallon ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Acremonium Strictum ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbutoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Scanning Electron

Roots of salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh) collected from forest clearcuts were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy, and the ericoid mycorrhizal fungi were isolated and identified. Heavy colonization of typical ericoid mycorrhizae was present in and restricted to the first of the two layers of root cortical cells. Neither ectomycorrhizae nor arbutoid mycorrhizae were observed. In the field, over 85% of the roots and 90% of the cortical cells within colonized roots were colonized. One hundred and seventy-five of the 278 fungal isolates from salal roots formed ericoid mycorrhizae with salal in the laboratory, and these isolates were grouped into four species based on spore formation and cultural characteristics: Oidiodendron griseum Robak, Acremonium strictwn W. Gams, and two unidentified, nonsporulating fungal species. The association in the laboratory between A. strictum and salal was atypical in that the fungus improved the growth of salal seedlings but was slow to colonize roots and occasionally grew and even sporulated on the shoots. No differences in percent colonization or diversity of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi were found in salal growing on clearcuts from two different forest types. Keywords: Gaultheria shallon, Oidiodendron griseum, Acremonium strictum, ericoid mycorrhizal fungi.

Occurrence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alberta, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Spore Walls ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Three V A mycorrhizal fungal species were isolated from soils in Alberta, Canada and examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Mature spores of Glomus aggregatum developed an outer hyaline wall which contained lower levels of calcium than the middle wall. Examination of G. pansihalos spores revealed a lower level of calcium in the outer evanescent wall as compared to the ornamented wall. When spores of Entrophospora infrequens were examined, the wall of the vesicle was found to contain similar levels of calcium as the ornamented wall of the spore. The significance of the results concerning the presence of calcium in mycorrhizal spore walls is discussed, as is the occurrence of the mycorrhizal species.

scholarly journals Ericoid mycorrhizal diversity increases with soil age and progressive phosphorus limitation across a 4.1 million-year chronosequence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin R. Leopold ◽  
Kabir G. Peay ◽  
Peter M. Vitousek ◽  
Tadashi Fukami
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Phosphorus Limitation ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Age

AbstractEricaceous plants rely on ericoid mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient acquisition. However, the factors that affect the composition and structure of these fungal communities remain largely unknown. Here, we use a 4.1-myr soil chronosequence in Hawaii to test the hypothesis that changes in nutrient availability with soil age determine the diversity and species composition of fungi associated with ericoid roots. We sampled roots of a native Hawaiian plant, Vaccinium calycinum, and used DNA metabarcoding to quantify changes in fungal diversity and species composition. We also used a fertilization experiment at the youngest and oldest sites to assess the importance of nutrient limitation. We found an increase in diversity and a clear pattern of species turnover across the chronosequence, driven largely by putative ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. Fertilization with nitrogen at the youngest site and phosphorus at the oldest site reduced total fungal diversity, suggesting a direct role of nutrient limitation. Our results also reveal the presence of novel fungal species associated with Hawaiian Ericaceae and suggest a greater importance of phosphorus availability for communities of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi than is generally assumed.

Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi of Gaultheria shallon

Mycologia ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Xiao ◽  
Shannon M. Berch
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Gaultheria Shallon ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi

Screening Commercial Peat and Peat-based Products for the Presence of Ericoid Mycorrhizae

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Nicole R. Gorman ◽  
Mark C. Starrett
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Model Plant ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Ericoid Fungi

Abstract Pieris floribunda (Pursh) Benth. & Hook., a known host of ericoid fungi, was used as a model plant to investigate the presence of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi in select peat and peat-based products. After growing in each medium for 75 days, roots of seedlings were examined and average percent colonization was determined for each sample. Results indicate that these fungi are present in the majority of peat and peat-based media tested. Seedlings grown in some of the selected media had a greater percentage of root cells colonized by ericoid mycorrhizae than others in the study.

Diversity of putative ericoid mycorrhizal fungi increases with soil age and progressive phosphorus limitation across a 4.1 million-year chronosequence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin R Leopold ◽  
Kabir G Peay ◽  
Peter M Vitousek ◽  
Tadashi Fukami
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Phosphorus Limitation ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Soil Age

Abstract Ericaceous plants rely on ericoid mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient acquisition. However, the factors that affect the composition and structure of fungal communities associated with the roots of ericaceous plants remain largely unknown. Here, we use a 4.1-myr soil chronosequence in Hawaii to test the hypothesis that changes in nutrient availability with soil age determine the diversity and species composition of fungi associated with ericoid roots. We sampled roots of a native Hawaiian plant, Vaccinium calycinum, and used DNA metabarcoding to quantify changes in fungal diversity and community composition. We also used a fertilization experiment at the youngest and oldest sites to assess the importance of nutrient limitation. We found an increase in diversity and a clear pattern of species turnover across the chronosequence, driven largely by putative ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. Fertilization with nitrogen at the youngest site and phosphorus at the oldest site reduced fungal diversity, suggesting a direct role of nutrient limitation. Our results also reveal the presence of novel fungal species associated with Hawaiian Ericaceae and suggest a greater importance of phosphorus availability for communities of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi than is generally assumed.

scholarly journals Medicago truncatula ENOD11: A Novel RPRP-Encoding Early Nodulin Gene Expressed During Mycorrhization in Arbuscule-Containing Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne-Pascal Journet ◽  
Naima El-Gachtouli ◽  
Vanessa Vernoud ◽  
Françoise de Billy ◽  
Magalie Pichon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Developing Seed ◽  
Metabolite Exchange ◽  
Early Nodulin

Leguminous plants establish endosymbiotic associations with both rhizobia (nitrogen fixation) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (phosphate uptake). These associations involve controlled entry of the soil microsymbiont into the root and the coordinated differentiation of the respective partners to generate the appropriate exchange interfaces. As part of a study to evaluate analogies at the molecular level between these two plant-microbe interactions, we focused on genes from Medicago truncatula encoding putative cell wall repetitive proline-rich proteins (RPRPs) expressed during the early stages of root nodulation. Here we report that a novel RPRP-encoding gene, MtENOD11, is transcribed during preinfection and infection stages of nodulation in root and nodule tissues. By means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and a promoter-reporter gene strategy, we demonstrate that this gene is also expressed during root colonization by endomycorrhizal fungi in inner cortical cells containing recently formed arbuscules. In contrast, no activation of MtENOD11 is observed during root colonization by a nonsymbiotic, biotrophic Rhizoctonia fungal species. Analysis of transgenic Medicago spp. plants expressing pMtENOD11-gusA also revealed that this gene is transcribed in a variety of nonsymbiotic specialized cell types in the root, shoot, and developing seed, either sharing high secretion/metabolite exchange activity or subject to regulated modifications in cell shape. The potential role of early nodulins with atypical RPRP structures such as ENOD11 and ENOD12 in symbiotic and nonsymbiotic cellular contexts is discussed.

scholarly journals Quelle est la place des champignons supérieurs dans les stations forestières? | What is the status of higher fungi in forest site classification?

2003 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Ayer ◽  
Peter Lüscher ◽  
Simon Egli
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Forest Sites

17 forest sites in three Swiss cantons (Berne, Solothurn, Fribourg)were investigated mycologically during a four year period to find out to what extent higher fungi are bound to specific forest sites and whether they are suitable for characterizing forest types. The species lists reveal a species specific dependency on soil pH: 32% of the inventorized fungal species can be found in the whole pH range, 50% were found only in acid soils up to a pH of 5.75, and 18% in only neutral to alkaline soils. The species fructifying on slightly acid to neutral soils are considered to be possible indicator species for such environmental changes as acidification or eutrophisation. The present classification of higher fungi into pH-classes and forest types is a tentative one. The data set will be supplemented with further observations in order to attain a more definitive classification. These preliminary analyses, however, already reveal the suitability of higher fungi for characterizing and classifying forest types. The four-year investigation showed that pure coniferous forests are richer in macromycetes species than generally supposed and also that they harbour a higher percentage of mycorrhizal fungi than deciduous forests.

Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi of Gaultheria Shallon

Mycologia ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Xiao ◽  
Shannon M. Berch
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Gaultheria Shallon ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi
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