scholarly journals Quelle est la place des champignons supérieurs dans les stations forestières? | What is the status of higher fungi in forest site classification?

2003 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Ayer ◽  
Peter Lüscher ◽  
Simon Egli
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Forest Sites

17 forest sites in three Swiss cantons (Berne, Solothurn, Fribourg)were investigated mycologically during a four year period to find out to what extent higher fungi are bound to specific forest sites and whether they are suitable for characterizing forest types. The species lists reveal a species specific dependency on soil pH: 32% of the inventorized fungal species can be found in the whole pH range, 50% were found only in acid soils up to a pH of 5.75, and 18% in only neutral to alkaline soils. The species fructifying on slightly acid to neutral soils are considered to be possible indicator species for such environmental changes as acidification or eutrophisation. The present classification of higher fungi into pH-classes and forest types is a tentative one. The data set will be supplemented with further observations in order to attain a more definitive classification. These preliminary analyses, however, already reveal the suitability of higher fungi for characterizing and classifying forest types. The four-year investigation showed that pure coniferous forests are richer in macromycetes species than generally supposed and also that they harbour a higher percentage of mycorrhizal fungi than deciduous forests.

scholarly journals Québec forest ecological classification program

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Bergeron ◽  
Jean-Pierre Saucier ◽  
Denis Robert ◽  
André Robitaille
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Ecological Classification ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Surface Deposit

In 1986, the ministère des Forêts du Québec instituted a provincial program to study forest ecosystems entitled the "Forest Ecological Classification (FEC) Program." Under this program, a multidisciplinary team was charged with conducting ecological surveys, analyzing and characterizing the variables of the physical environment, classifying vegetation and preparing integrated forest inventory maps. Their goal is to complete the ecological classification of the forests in all territories south of the 52nd parallel. To undertake such a vast project, it was necessary to prepare detailed methodological guides for data collection, data analysis and mapping. The following products are now available for many different ecological regions: classifications of forest types, toposequences, physiographic and surface deposit maps and integrated forest inventory maps. Multivariate analysis methods are used in analyzing ecological data; in this way, hierarchical classifications and ordinations can be used as the basis for identifying and describing forest types, vegetation-physical environment relationships and successional patterns. Such ecological classification products are an indispensable tool for forest managers and users. Key words: ecological classification, forest ecology, forest management, forest site classification, multivariate analysis, physical environment, Québec.

scholarly journals Forest site types and soil cover in the Roztocze National Park – the current state of knowledge

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Jacek Koba ◽  
Tadeusz Miśta
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Current State ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Site Types

The forest sites and soil survey conducted by the Bureau for Forest Management and Geodesy, Branch in Lublin in the years 2009–2010 involved all of the Roztocze National Park (RNP). The studied area was 8335.31 ha. Throughout the Park, 417 soil sampling plots (open pits) and 2,400 auxiliary soil sampling plots (soil boreholes) were established. A total of 28 soil subtypes, subsumed under 14 soil types, were identified, with the most abundant soil type being rendzina. Furthermore, 17 forest site types were described, including 12 lowland and 5 upland forest site types. Two upland forest types (upland broadleaved forest and upland mixed broadleaved forest), were found to be predominant in the National Park.

scholarly journals Terrain properties of selected forest sites in the Jizerské hory Mts., Czech Republic 

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 310-319
Author(s):  
M. Modrý ◽  
V. Simanov
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Operational Planning ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Terrain Characteristics ◽  
Groups Of Forest Types

Differentiation of forest technologies according to ecosystem properties is a necessary step to achieve sustainable forestry. A forest typological system is considered to be the basic unit of ecosystem differentiation in the Czech Republic. Terrain characteristics, potential water erosion and applicable harvest technology were examined for 44 forest sites in a landscape segment of the Jizerské hory Mts. Forest site was found homogeneous in terms of terrain and technological properties. Edaphic category and groups of forest types as higher classification units and management sets as units of alternative classification showed lower homogeneity insufficient for operational planning.

Diversity and abundance of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi of Gaultheria shallon on forest clearcuts

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Xiao ◽  
Shannon M. Berch
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Gaultheria Shallon ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Acremonium Strictum ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbutoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Scanning Electron

Roots of salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh) collected from forest clearcuts were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy, and the ericoid mycorrhizal fungi were isolated and identified. Heavy colonization of typical ericoid mycorrhizae was present in and restricted to the first of the two layers of root cortical cells. Neither ectomycorrhizae nor arbutoid mycorrhizae were observed. In the field, over 85% of the roots and 90% of the cortical cells within colonized roots were colonized. One hundred and seventy-five of the 278 fungal isolates from salal roots formed ericoid mycorrhizae with salal in the laboratory, and these isolates were grouped into four species based on spore formation and cultural characteristics: Oidiodendron griseum Robak, Acremonium strictwn W. Gams, and two unidentified, nonsporulating fungal species. The association in the laboratory between A. strictum and salal was atypical in that the fungus improved the growth of salal seedlings but was slow to colonize roots and occasionally grew and even sporulated on the shoots. No differences in percent colonization or diversity of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi were found in salal growing on clearcuts from two different forest types. Keywords: Gaultheria shallon, Oidiodendron griseum, Acremonium strictum, ericoid mycorrhizal fungi.

scholarly journals Basic Theory and Methods of Afforestation

Silviculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Duan ◽  
Dilnur Abduwali
Keyword(s):  
Site Preparation ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
The Right

Afforestation is an important practice in silviculture. This chapter outlines the forest site, site preparation, selection of afforestation materials in the process of afforestation. The life cycle of forests is very long, and it is difficult to change them once afforested. Therefore, the forest site must be analyzed in depth before afforestation to maintain the success of afforestation and the healthy growth of forests later. Forest sites are mainly affected by environmental and human activities. To facilitate afforestation, it is necessary to evaluate and classify the forest site factors and achieve a suitable species planted on the right site. Site preparation is also based on site classification. It is usually carried out after determining the type of afforestation land, divided into mechanical land preparation and chemical methods. An essential task of site preparation is to maintain soil moisture and promote seedlings’ survival and growth. Afforestation materials are mainly divided into three categories: seed, seedling, and cutting. The choice of these three types of afforestation materials and methods is related to site conditions, tree species, and age.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE DA MODELAGEM PARA CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE SÍTIOS FLORESTAIS EM BASES DE DADOS COM OUTLIERS

Nativa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Pábulo Diogo de Souza ◽  
Carlos Alberto Araújo Júnior ◽  
Christian Dias Cabacinha ◽  
Leandro Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Celso Dotta Lopes Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Basis Function ◽  
Basis Function ◽  
Multilayer Perceptron ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Forest Site Classification

As informações utilizadas para estimativa da capacidade produtiva de sítios florestais provêm de bases de dados de inventário florestal que podem conter observações discrepantes (outliers). Assim, torna-se necessário a análise de consistência para exclusão destes. Porém, os outliers podem representar determinado padrão de crescimento existente na floresta, logo a exclusão destes pode ser uma ação equivocada. Objetivou-se comparar a performance de diferentes técnicas de modelagem para classificação de sítios florestais, considerando uma base de dados com a presença de outliers. Utilizou-se pares de dados de idade e altura dominante (HD) de parcelas permanentes de Eucalyptus urophyla x Eucalyptus grandis localizadas no norte de Minas Gerais. Foi simulado um outlier de HD. A base de dados foi modelada, com e sem presença de outliers, por regressão linear (RL) e redes neurais artificiais Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) e Radial Basis Function (RBF). Os métodos foram analisados por meio dos critérios estatísticos de precisão: bias, raiz quadrada do erro médio, correlação de Pearson, erro médio percentual e gráfico de dispersão residual. A MLP foi superior para estimativa do índice de sítio. Portanto, a MLP é indicada para classificação de sítios florestais quando há presença de outliers na base de dados. Palavras-chave: índice de sítio; inventário florestal; dados discrepantes.   Performance of modeling for classification of forest sites in databases with outliers   ABSTRACT: The information used to estimate the productive capacity of forest sites comes from forest inventory databases that may contain discrepant observations (outliers). Thus, consistency analysis is required to exclude these. However, the outliers may represent a certain growth pattern existing in the forest, so their exclusion may be a mistaken action. The objective was to compare the performance of different modeling techniques for forest site classification, considering a database with the presence of outliers. We used pairs of data of age and dominant height (HD) of permanent parcels of Eucalyptus urophila x Eucalyptus grandis located in the north of Minas Gerais. A HD outlier was simulated. The database was modeled, with and without the presence of outliers, by linear regression (RL) and artificial neural networks Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF). The methods were analyzed by means of precision statistical criteria: bias, square root of mean error, Pearson correlation, mean percentage error and residual scatter plot. The MLP was superior for site index estimation. Therefore, the MLP is indicated for forest site classification when there are outliers in the database. Keywords: site index; forest inventory; discrepant data.

The current status of forest site classification in Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sims ◽  
P. Uhlig
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Soil Site ◽  
Forest Site Classification

Forest sites are diagnostic forest-landscape ecosystem units that resource managers must deal with during the planning and implementation stages of management. Forest sites are the basic building blocks for undertaking integrated resource management which weighs wildlife, recreation, environmental impact and various other concerns along with timber harvesting. Consequently, accurate and practical systems for classifying and mapping forest sites are becoming increasingly necessary to organize, communicate and use existing and new management knowledge and experience effectively.Over the past four decades in Ontario, a number of studies and resource surveys have provided important background information on forest sites. Many have considered, to varying extents, the integrative roles of vegetation, soil-site, landform and general climate on forests and forest land. Generally, the emphasis has been on description and classification, with results generating a better understanding of how various forests in different areas develop, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in relation to soil-site or other features of the basic land resource. Some of these studies and surveys have been instrumental in advancing the definitions and understanding of forested ecosystems. Others have provided new information on site dynamics, interrelationships and functions, or have contributed to the science (and art) of site evaluation and classification.This paper briefly summarizes the current status of forest site classification in Ontario. Over time, the role of forest site classification has evolved in response to new technologies and information, and to new emphases and values in resource management. In general, site classification research has become increasingly integrative and quantitative. Some of the important future challenges facing forest site classification in Ontario are briefly discussed. Key words: ecological land classification, forest ecology, forest ecosystem classification, forest management interpretations, forest site classification, land use planning, Ontario.

A review of forest site classification activities in Newfoundland and Labrador

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Meades ◽  
B. A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Stand Productivity ◽  
Forest Classification ◽  
Intensive Forest Management ◽  
Forest Site Classification

This paper provides a review of past and present forest site classification activities in Newfoundland and Labrador over the last thirty years. Initially, research concentrated on the development of a classification system using floristic and edaphic criteria to define forest types. This was followed by a period in which the relationships between forest types and stand productivity were assessed. Subsequently, pilot projects were undertaken in which the forest site classification was incorporated into the biophysical land classification approach and applied to forest capability mapping. In recent years the trend towards more intensive forest management has rekindled interest in forest site classification: emphasis is being placed on technology transfer of site classification to operational foresters in industry and government. Key words: Forest classification, site classification, soils, vegetation, Newfoundland, Labrador, forest ecology

scholarly journals A report on diversity and distribution of macrofungi in the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-32
Author(s):  
Kamal C. Semwal ◽  
Vinod K. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests

Abstract We report mycodiversity of the different forest types of the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. The results drawn here are based on the study carried out in the different forest sites of the Garhwal Himalaya during the rainy season from 2013 to 2015. We collected a total of 323 specimens, including 310 specimens belonging to Basidiomycota and 13 to Ascomycota. Furthermore, 212 specimens of Basidiomycota were identified and grouped into 33 families, 75 genera and 198 species, while 13 specimens of Ascomycota were grouped into 7 families, 7 genera and 11 species. 127 species were found in oak dominated temperate broadleaved forest, while 42 were collected from coniferous and 19 from the mixed woodland composed mainly of Quercus, Myrica, Rhododendron and Pinus trees in middle to higher hills, and Shorea robusta and Tectona grandis in the dipterocarp forests of lower hills. In terms of fungal species distribution in these forests, Amanitaceae, Russulaceae and Boletaceae were found most dominant in oak dominated forests, whereas Tricholomataceae and Cantharellaceae were commonly found in Pinus and Cedrus dominated forests and those belonging to family Cortinariaceae – in mixed forests. Species belonging to the families Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae and Tricholomataceae were found dominant in dipterocarp forest in the lower Himalayan region. The majority of species belonging to all families were found near lower to mid range altitude, which may result from the overlapping effect of atmospheric temperature and climate. The members of seven families, i.e., Russulaceae, Amanitaceae, Tricholomataceae, Boletaceae, Cantharellaceae, Cortinariaceae and Gomphaceae, were found as main ectomycorrhizal forming species from the elevation range of 500-2800 m a.s.l., in all four forest types.

Occurrence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alberta, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Spore Walls ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Three V A mycorrhizal fungal species were isolated from soils in Alberta, Canada and examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Mature spores of Glomus aggregatum developed an outer hyaline wall which contained lower levels of calcium than the middle wall. Examination of G. pansihalos spores revealed a lower level of calcium in the outer evanescent wall as compared to the ornamented wall. When spores of Entrophospora infrequens were examined, the wall of the vesicle was found to contain similar levels of calcium as the ornamented wall of the spore. The significance of the results concerning the presence of calcium in mycorrhizal spore walls is discussed, as is the occurrence of the mycorrhizal species.

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