Ultrastructure of spermatia and spermatium ontogeny in the rust fungus Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Mims ◽  
R. L. Doudrick
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Sporogenous Cell ◽  
Large Nucleus ◽  
Cronartium Quercuum ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Fungal Tissue

Spermogonia of Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme developed just beneath the bark on galled regions of infected pine seedlings. Spermogonia consist of flattened, spreading, island-like masses of fungal tissue covered with a thin layer of liquid containing large numbers of spermatia. Spermatia arose in an annellophoric fashion from the tips of long, slender sporogenous cells produced in a distinct layer. Each sporogenous cell contained a large prominent nucleus that underwent mitosis as each spermatium initial developed. One of the resulting nuclei moved into the initial while the other remained in the sporogenous cell. Once a spermatium was delimited, it was pushed away from the tip of the sporogenous cell as another spermatium initial developed below it. Once delimited, a spermatium underwent specific morphological changes as it matured. A mature spermatium was subpyriform in shape and surrounded by a thin wall. In addition to a single large nucleus each spermatium contained ribosomes, mitochondria, lipid bodies, strands of endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole-like inclusions, and many small vesicles that packed its base. Keywords: transmission electron microscopy, pycnidia, pycnidiospores, spermogonia.

Adult triclabendazole-resistantFasciola hepatica: morphological changes in the tegument and gut followingin vivotreatment with artemether in the rat model

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. O'Neill ◽  
R.C. Johnston ◽  
L. Halferty ◽  
G.P. Brennan ◽  
J. Keiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Numbers

AbstractA study has been carried out to determine the morphological changes to the adult liver fluke,Fasciola hepaticaafter treatmentin vivowith artemether. Rats were infected with the triclabendazole-resistant Sligo isolate ofF. hepatica, dosed orally with artemether at a concentration of 200 mg/kg and flukes recovered at 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment (p.t.). Surface changes were monitored by scanning electron microscopy and fine structural changes to the tegument and gut by transmission electron microscopy. Twenty-four hours p.t., the external surface showed minor disruption, in the form of mild swelling of the tegument. The tegumental syncytium and sub-tegumental tissues appeared relatively normal. Forty-eight and seventy-two hours p.t., disruption to the tegumental system increased, with isolated patches of surface blebbing and reduced production of secretory bodies by the tegumental cells being the main changes seen. The gastrodermal cells showed a relatively normal morphology 24 h p.t. By 48 h, large numbers of autophagic vacuoles and lipid droplets were present. Autophagy increased in magnitude by 72 h p.t. and substantial disruption to the granular endoplasmic reticulum was observed. Results from this study show that flukes treatedin vivowith artemether display progressive and time-dependent alterations to the tegument and gut. Disruption to the gut was consistently and substantially more severe than that to the tegument, suggesting that an oral route of uptake for this compound predominates. This is the first study providing ultrastructural information on the effect of an artemisinin compound against liver fluke.

Ultrastructural Study of Rat Colon Following Psyllium Ingestion

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 580-581
Author(s):  
F.G. Lightfoot ◽  
L.E. Grau ◽  
M.M. Cassidy ◽  
G.R. Tadvalkar ◽  
G.V. Vahouny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
Fecal Material ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Morphologic Analysis ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Psyllium hydrophillic mucilloid is a natural gelling fiber consumed by a large population of our society. It is used as a bulk-producing laxative and in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as “Irritable Bowel Syndrome”. The literature pertaining to the ultrastructural effects of this agent is sparse.This study documents morphological changes induced by psyllium. Animals fed a diet containing 2% psyllium for four weeks were subsequently sacrificed and processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The colon contained fecal material combined with psyllium which conformed to the contour of the luminal surface. This mixture formed surface replicas of the intestinal mucosa. These replicas and their related colonic sites were processed for morphologic analysis.

Correlation Between Cellular Functions and Morphological Changes of Human Trophoblast in Vitro

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
John C. Garancis ◽  
Robert O. Hussa ◽  
Michael T. Story ◽  
Donald Yorde ◽  
Roland A. Pattillo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Marked Activity ◽  
Malignant Trophoblast

Human malignant trophoblast cells in continuous culture were incubated for 3 days in medium containing 1 mM N6-O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) and 1 mM theophylline. The culture fluid was replenished daily. Stimulated cultures secreted many times more chorionic gonadotropin and estrogens than did control cultures in the absence of increased cellular proliferation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed remarkable surface changes of stimulated cells. Control cells (not stimulated) were smooth or provided with varying numbers of microvilli (Fig. 1). The latter, usually, were short and thin. The surface features of stimulated cells were considerably different. There was marked increase of microvilli which appeared elongated and thick. Many cells were covered with confluent polypoid projections (Fig. 2). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated marked activity of cytoplasmic organelles. Mitochondria were increased in number and size; some giant forms with numerous cristae were observed.

Liver Toxicity in Rats Fed A Mixture of Pcb Congeners and 2,3,7,8-Tcdd

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
B.J. Cornell ◽  
A. Singh ◽  
I. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Polyhalogenated aromatic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) continue to be environmental contaminants because of their bioaccumulation in the food chain and high resistance to biodegradation. The current study was undertaken to determine if a mixture of PCB congeners (WHO-IPCS) were interactive with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in producing morphological changes in the rat liver. Both compounds are known to produce a broad range of biochemical and morphological alterations including enzyme induction.Groups (N=5) of female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered TCDD (0, 2.5, 25, 250, 1000 ng/kg bw/day) or PCB (0, 2, 20 μg/kg bw/day) alone, or in combination with each concentration of both compounds. Incorrect concentrations were published in a previous abstract. The test substance was mixed with corn oil and given by gavage at 2 ml/kg daily for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were killed and liver samples were prepared for transmission electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticle Effects on Intestinal Bacteria

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2489
Author(s):  
Ami Yoo ◽  
Mengshi Lin ◽  
Azlin Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽  
Transmission Electron

The application of nanoparticles (NPs) for food safety is increasingly being explored. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) NPs are inorganic chemicals with antimicrobial and bioactive characteristics and have been widely used in the food industry. However, not much is known about the behavior of these NPs upon ingestion and whether they inhibit natural gut microflora. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ZnO and Ag NPs on the intestinal bacteria, namely Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium animalis. Cells were inoculated into tryptic soy broth or Lactobacilli MRS broth containing 1% of NP-free solution, 0, 12, 16, 20 mM of ZnO NPs or 0, 1.8, 2.7, 4.6 mM Ag NPs, and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The presence and characterization of the NPs on bacterial cells were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Membrane leakage and cell viability were assessed using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and confocal electron microscope, respectively. Numbers of treated cells were within 1 log CFU/mL less than those of the controls for up to 12 h of incubation. Cellular morphological changes were observed, but many cells remained in normal shapes. Only a small amount of internal cellular contents was leaked due to the NP treatments, and more live than dead cells were observed after exposure to the NPs. Based on these results, we conclude that ZnO and Ag NPs have mild inhibitory effects on intestinal bacteria.

scholarly journals Human serum activates the tegument of female schistosomes and supports recovery from Praziquantel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Winkelmann ◽  
Marcus Frank ◽  
Anne Rabes ◽  
Nicole Koslowski ◽  
Cindy Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Female Worm ◽  
Male Worm ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gene Expression Analyses ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractSchistosomiasis is one of the most devastating parasitic disease in the world. Schistosoma spp. survive for decades within the vasculature of their human hosts. They have evolved a vast array of mechanisms to avoid the immune reaction of the host. Due to their sexual dimorphism, with the female worm lying within the gynecophoric canal of the male worm, it is the male that is exposed to the immediate environment and the soluble parts of the host’s immune response. To understand how the worms are so successful in fending off the immune attacks of the host, comparative analyses of both worm sexes in human serum (with or without Praziquantel) were performed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Further, gene expression analyses of tegument-specific genes were performed. Following the incubation in human serum, males and females out of pairs show morphological changes such as an altered structure of the pits below the surface and an increased number of pits per area. In addition, female schistosomes presented a marked tuft-like repulsion of their opsonized surface. The observed resistance of females to Praziquantel seemed to depend on active proteins in the human serum. Moreover, different expression profiles of tegument-specific genes indicate different functions of female_single and male_single teguments in response to human serum. Our results indicate that female schistosomes developed different evasion strategies toward the host’s immune system in comparison to males that might lead to more robustness and has to be taken into account for the development of new anti-schistosomal drugs.

scholarly journals Cytochemical localization of calcium and Ca2+,Mg2(+)-adenosine triphosphatase in colchicine-altered rat incisor ameloblasts.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1469-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Eisenmann ◽  
A H Salama ◽  
A M Zaki ◽  
S H Ashrafi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Rat Incisor ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Secretory Transport

Colchicine is known to affect secretory, transport, and degradative functions of ameloblasts. The effects of colchicine on membrane-associated calcium and Ca2+,Mg2(+)-ATPase in secretory and maturation ameloblasts were investigated cytochemically. The pyroantimonate (PPA) method was used for localizing calcium and a modified Wachstein-Meisel medium was used to localize Ca2+,Mg2(+)-ATPase. Sections representing secretory and early maturation stages were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Morphological changes induced by colchicine included dislocated organelles and other well-established reactions to such anti-microtubule drugs. Calcium pyroantimonate (Ca-PA) deposits in most ameloblast types were markedly reduced, with the greater reduction occurring in those cells more severely altered morphologically. However, the cell membranes of both control and experimental smooth-ended maturation ameloblasts were essentially devoid of Ca-PA. The normal distribution and intensity of Ca2+,Mg2(+)-ATPase was not affected by colchicine. Because the observed reduction of membrane-associated calcium is apparently not mediated by Ca2+,Mg2(+)-ATPase in this case, other aspects of the calcium regulating system of ameloblasts are apparently targeted by colchicine.

scholarly journals Ultra-Morphological Changes of Trichophyton Rubrum Treated with Hydroxychavicol

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Ridzuan ◽  
Nasir Mohamad ◽  
Salwani Ismail ◽  
Nor Iza A. Rahman ◽  
Sanusi N.A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Preliminary Study

Trichophyton rubrum is a common pathogenic fungal species that is responsible for causing infection on human skin, hair and nail. The antifungal-resistant strains complicate the treatment regime. Hydroxychavicol (HC) is one of the main compounds from Piper betel leaf that have antifungal potential and its mechanism of action has not been studied yet. The objective of this preliminary study to determine the antifungal properties of HC against T. rubrum using transmission electron microscope (TEM) on gross and ultrastructure of T. rubrum hypha. T. rubrum was treated with HC and miconazole (MI) at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/mL for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days continuously. Generally, fungi structures became more severely damaged at increasing treatment duration. Microscopically, the fungi’s cell wall treated with HC showed a rough surface, shrinkage and demolition similar to the MI treated group. The fungi organelles were also demolished and disorganized. This study revealed that HC has the ability to inhibit T. rubrum growth and has potential to be an antifungal agent for skin infections.

scholarly journals Morphological changes and bioaccumulation in response to cadmium exposure in Morchella spongiola, a fungus with potential for detoxification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Xu ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Qing Meng ◽  
Zhanling Xie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Intracellular Accumulation ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Micro Morphology

<i>Morchella</i> is a genus of edible fungi with strong resistance to Cd and the ability to accumulate it in the mycelium. However, the mechanisms conferring Cd resistance in <i>Morchella</i> are unknown. In the present study, morphological and physiological responses to Cd were evaluated in the mycelia of <i>Morchella spongiola</i>. Variations in hyphal micro-morphology including twisting, folding and kinking in mycelia exposed to different Cd concentrations (0.15, 0.9, 1.5, 2.4, 5.0 mg/L) were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Deposition of Cd precipitates on cell surfaces (at Cd concentrations > 2.4 mg/L) was shown by SEM-EDS. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of cells exposed to different concentrations of Cd revealed the loss of intracellular structures and the localization of Cd depositions inside/outside the cell. FTIR analysis showed that functional groups such as C=O, -OH, -NH and -CH could be responsible for Cd binding on the cell surface of <i>M. spongiola</i>. In addition, intracellular accumulation was observed in cultures at low Cd concentrations (< 0.9 mg/L), while extracellular adsorption occurred at higher concentrations. These results provide valuable information on the Cd tolerance mechanism in <i>M. spongiola</i> and constitute a robust foundation for further studies on fungal bioremediation strategies.

Early symptom development in lodgepole pine seedlings infected with Endocronartium harknessii

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Allen ◽  
P. V. Blenis ◽  
Y. Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Early Symptom ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Periderm Formation ◽  
Lignin Deposition

Six-week-old Pinus contorta seedlings were inoculated with spores of the western gall rust fungus Endocronartium harknessii. Of 660 seedlings inoculated, 174 showed early symptoms and were sampled for histological observation in the 7 weeks following inoculation. Pigmentation of epidermal cells was the first externally visible response to infection, generally occurring 14–28 days after inoculation. Developing symptoms were extremely variable, ranging from little or no visible response to severe necrosis. The appearance of external symptoms was largely due to changes occurring in underlying infected cortical cells such as the production of phenolic compounds, necrophylactic periderm, or necrotic tissue. Intercellular lignin deposition was observed in infected tissue and was thought to be associated with necrophylactic periderm formation. Suppression of normal exophylactic periderm development was evident in virtually all infected tissue zones. Infection of the vascular cambium occurred as early as 21 days after inoculation and resulted in the subsequent formation of distorted xylem tracheids typical of gall tissue.

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