Formation of cluster roots in Alnus incana ssp. rugosa and other Alnus species

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1684-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Hurd ◽  
Christa R. Schwintzer
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Cluster Roots ◽  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
Speckled Alder ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

Small numbers of cluster roots were found on older roots of Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (speckled alder) shrubs in the field at 2 of 11 sites. Cluster roots also formed infrequently in speckled alder grown hydroponically in complete nutrient solution. No cluster roots formed in solutions lacking P or Fe. Small numbers of cluster roots also formed in Alnus glutinosa grown hydroponically in the presence of P but not in its absence. In contrast, Alnus rubra produced small numbers of cluster roots in the absence of P but not in its presence. No cluster roots formed in Alnus viridis ssp. crispa. Cluster roots are probably not important for nutrient uptake in speckled alder because they form infrequently both in the field and in hydroponic culture. Keywords: Alnus incana ssp. rugosa, Alnus glutinosa, Alnus rubra, Alnus viridis ssp. crispa, cluster roots, proteoid roots.

Variability of nitrogen-fixing Frankia on Alnus species

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Markham
Keyword(s):  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Spore Type ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

Plants maintain mutualistic symbioses with multiple symbiont genotypes that differ in the benefits they provide. To investigate differences in the effect of nitrogen-fixing Frankia on Alnus species, spore-producing (sp+) nodules from Alnus rubra Bong. and Alnus incana subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen and non-spore-producing (sp–) nodules from Alnus viridis subsp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill, A. rubra, and A. incana subsp. rugosa were collected from each of four different populations and used to inoculate all three Alnus species. As expected, sp+ Frankia produced significantly more nodules on all three species. However, A. crispa, which normally does not have sp+ nodules in the field, was more susceptible to a high level of infection by sp+ Frankia in general, and by any source of sp+ Frankia in particular, whereas A. incana subsp. rugosa, which has the highest abundance of sp+ in the field, was less susceptible to high levels of infection. This suggests that A. incana subsp. rugosa develops resistance to high levels of infection. The infectivity of an sp+ Frankia source on A. viridis subsp. crispa and A. rubra was positively correlated with the proportion of sp+ nodules on the site it was collected from, suggesting that the variation in the abundance of sp+ in the field is caused by sp+ Frankia with different levels of infectivity. There was no effect of Frankia sources on nodule allocation. Plant growth was positively correlated with the specific nodule mass and the specific nodule activity, and negatively correlated with the nodule number per plant. Sp+ Frankia resulted in significantly smaller plants in A. rubra. While there was no overall sp+ type effect on the growth of A. viridis subsp. crispa, the largest plants always resulted when they were inoculated with sp–, and the smallest with sp+ Frankia. Neither spore type nor inoculum source had any effect on the performance of A. rugosa. These results suggest that Alnus species remain susceptible to infection by both Frankia spore types, but are able to modulate the effectiveness of these spore types when they are the common symbionts in the field.

Phytophthora alni. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytophthora alni Brasier & S.A. Kirk. Fungi: Oomycota: Peronosporales. Hosts: common alder (Alnus glutinosa), grey alder (Alnus incana), Italian alder (Alnus cordata) and green alder (Alnus viridis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, UK, England and Wales, Scotland), North America (USA, Alaska).

scholarly journals Influence of Atomization Nozzles and Spraying Intervals on Growth, Biomass Yield, and Nutrient Uptake of Butter-Head Lettuce under Aeroponics System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Mazhar H. Tunio ◽  
Jianmin Gao ◽  
Imran A. Lakhiar ◽  
Kashif A. Solangi ◽  
Waqar A. Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio

The atomized nutrient solution droplet sizes and spraying intervals can impact the chemical properties of the nutrient solution, biomass yield, root-to-shoot ratio and nutrient uptake of aeroponically cultivated plants. In this study, four different nozzles having droplet sizes N1 = 11.24, N2 = 26.35, N3 = 17.38 and N4 = 4.89 µm were selected and misted at three nutrient solution spraying intervals of 30, 45 and 60 min, with a 5 min spraying time. The measured parameters were power of hydrogen (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) values of the nutrient solution, shoot and root growth, ratio of roots to shoots (fresh and dry), biomass yield and nutrient uptake. The results indicated that the N1 presented significantly lower changes in chemical properties than those of N2, N3 and N4, resulting in stable lateral root growth and increased biomass yield. Also, the root-to-shoot ratio significantly increased with increasing spraying interval using N1 and N4 nozzles. The N1 nozzle also revealed a significant effect on the phosphorous, potassium and magnesium uptake by the plants misted at proposed nutrient solution spraying intervals. However, the ultrasonic nozzle showed a nonsignificant effect on all measured parameters with respect to spraying intervals. In the last, this research experiment validates the applicability of air-assisted nozzle (N1) misting at a 30-min spraying interval and 5 min of spraying time for the cultivation of butter-head lettuce in aeroponic systems.

Performance of ectomycorrhizal alders exposed to specific Canadian oil sands tailing stressors under in vivo bipartite symbiotic conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Beaudoin-Nadeau ◽  
André Gagné ◽  
Cyntia Bissonnette ◽  
Pier-Anne Bélanger ◽  
J. André Fortin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
In Vivo Selection ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
Different Strains

Canadian oil sands tailings are predominately sodic residues contaminated by hydrocarbons such as naphthenic acids. These conditions are harsh for plant development. In this study, we evaluated the effect of inoculating roots of Alnus viridis ssp. crispa and Alnus incana ssp. rugosa with ectomycorrhizal fungi in the presence of tailings compounds. Seedlings were inoculated with 7 different strains of Paxillus involutus and Alpova diplophloeus and were grown under different treatments of NaCl, Na2SO4, and naphthenic acids in a growth chamber. Afterwards, seedling survival, height, dry biomass, leaf necrosis, and root mycorrhization rate were measured. Paxillus involutus Mai was the most successful strain in enhancing alder survival, health, and growth. Seedlings inoculated with this strain displayed a 25% increase in survival rate, 2-fold greater biomass, and 2-fold less leaf necrosis compared with controls. Contrary to our expectations, A. diplophloeus was not as effective as P. involutus in improving seedling fitness, likely because it did not form ectomycorrhizae on roots of either alder species. High intraspecific variation characterized strains of P. involutus in their ability to stimulate alder height and growth and to minimize leaf necrosis. We conclude that in vivo selection under bipartite symbiotic conditions is essential to select effective strains that will be of use for the revegetation and reclamation of derelict lands.

Field nodules of Alnus incana ssp. rugosa and Myrica gale exhibit pronounced acetylene-induced declines in nitrogenase activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1415-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa R. Schwintzer ◽  
John D. Tjepkema
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Myrica Gale ◽  
Open Flow ◽  
Peak Rate ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Speckled Alder ◽  
Initial Peak

The time course of acetylene reduction was examined in field nodules of speckled alder (Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Claus.) and sweet gale (Myrica gale L.) with an open flow-through system. When detached speckled alder nodules were measured in the laboratory, there was an initial peak rate of nitrogenase activity between 2 and 3 min followed by pronounced declines to 50% of the peak rate (early summer) and 66% (late summer) at 9 min, after which there was little further change. Speckled alder nodules measured in the field while still attached to the plant also had a peak rate between 2 and 3 min. Most sweet gale nodules had a peak rate at 2–3 min and a sharp decline to 27% at 21 min followed by a partial recovery to 49% at 60 min. The time courses of field nodules of speckled alder and sweet gale were comparable with those of intact, growth chamber grown seedlings. The initial peak rate is the most accurate measure of nitrogenase activity and the only reliable way to measure this is with an open, flow-through system. We describe a simple, inexpensive, flow-through system for use in the field. Key words: acetylene-induced decline, Alnus incana ssp. rugosa, actinorhizal plants, Myrica gale, nitrogen fixation, nitrogenase activity.

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