Inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f-sp. dianthi in the non-VAM species Dianthus caryophyllus by co-culture with Tagetes patula companion plants colonized by Glomus intraradices

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 998-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. St-Arnaud ◽  
B. Vimard ◽  
J. A. Fortin ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
M. Caron
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Companion Plants

The effect of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on disease development caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi in the nonmycorrhizal species Dianthus caryophyllus was studied by co-culture of carnation plants with the mycorrhizal species Tagetes patula. Presence of VAM T. patula plants more than doubled the survival of D. caryophyllus, significantly reduced the disease symptoms, and decreased F. o. dianthi propagules by 4:1 in soil. Non-VAM T. patula plants had no effect. Dianthus caryophyllus shoot biomass was reduced by F. o. dianthi in non-VAM controls but was not affected in presence of G. intraradices. Glomus intraradices alone has no effect on T. patula or D. caryophyllus shoot biomass. Dianthus caryophyllus mineral shoot content was not modified by G. intraradices. In absence of T. patula, G. intraradices did not colonize D. caryophyllus, whereas in its presence, 14–20% of the carnation root length contained abundant vesicles and hypha but very rarely arbuscules. The presence of G. intraradices clearly reduced the disease caused by F. o. dianthi in D. caryophyllus. Reduction in disease severity was associated with reduced F. o. dianthi propagule number in the substrate and was clearly unrelated to plant nutrition. Our results may be explained either by the induction of D. caryophyllus disease resistance mechanisms by the mycorrhizal fungus or by direct or indirect microbial interactions in the soil. Key words: vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, marigolds, carnation, disease, biocontrol.

Inoculation of citrus with root fragments containing chlamydospores of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1739-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Graham ◽  
D. Fardelmann
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Colonization Potential ◽  
Potting Media

The vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, was found sporulating in citrus roots in an orchard soil. Dead root fragments of citrus accounted for a high proportion of the propagules in soil as measured by the most probable number technique. Sudan grass root fragments from pot cultures containing 7 and 94 chlamydospores of G. intraradices per milligram dry root had 11 and 184 (most probable number) propagules per milligram dry root, respectively. Inoculum densities of 20–40 mg of root fragments per 100 cm3 of potting media resulted in 100% inoculation success of Carrizo citrange grown from seed. A decrease in root fragment density to as low as 2.5 mg per 100 cm3 of medium reduced inoculation success and root colonization, but did not reduce growth and nutrient uptake by inoculated seedlings. The growth of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal plants in a soilless medium amended with relatively insoluble rock phosphate was less than that of nonmycorrhizal plants fertilized with soluble phosphorus; copper uptake, however, was significantly increased by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae. Root fragments stored up to 1 year under moist conditions did not lose colonization potential, whereas drying reduced colonization potential to near zero after 9 months.

scholarly journals Trichoderma harzianum and Glomus intraradices Modify the Hormone Disruption Induced by Fusarium oxysporum Infection in Melon Plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 682-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainhoa Martínez-Medina ◽  
Jose Antonio Pascual ◽  
Francisco Pérez-Alfocea ◽  
Alfonso Albacete ◽  
Antonio Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
The One

The plant hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA) are known to play crucial roles in plant disease and pest resistance. Changes in the concentrations of these plant hormones in melon plant shoots, as a consequence of the interaction between the plant, the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, the antagonistic microorganism Trichoderma harzianum, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices were investigated. Attack by F. oxysporum activated a defensive response in the plant, mediated by the plant hormones SA, JA, ET, and ABA, similar to the one produced by T. harzianum. When inoculated with the pathogen, both T. harzianum and G. intraradices attenuated the plant response mediated by the hormones ABA and ET elicited by the pathogen attack. T. harzianum was also able to attenuate the SA-mediated response. In the three-way interaction (F. oxysporum–T. harzianum–G. intraradices), although a synergistic effect in reducing disease incidence was found, no synergistic effect on the modulation of the hormone disruption induced by the pathogen was observed. These results suggest that the induction of plant basal resistance and the attenuation of the hormonal disruption caused by F. oxysporum are both mechanisms by which T. harzianum can control Fusarium wilt in melon plants; while the mechanisms involving G. intraradices seem to be independent of SA and JA signaling.

scholarly journals Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on Callusing and root colonization of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Clones in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Awa Chelangat ◽  
Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango ◽  
Nicholas K. Korir ◽  
Maina Mwangi
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Standard Application

Mycorrhizal fungi are a major component of the soil micro flora in many ecosystems, but usually have limited saprophytic abilities. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important component of soil life and soil chemistry. In soil, phosphorus may be present in relatively large amounts, but much of it is poorly available because of the very low solubility of phosphates by formation of complexes with iron, aluminum, and calcium, leading to soil solution concentrations of 10μm or less and very low mobility. Tea is a major income earner in the country, but yields are declining since high yielding tea varieties have a major problem with rooting and take so long in the nursery. The current study was initiated to investigate the role between Mycorrhizae and plants to explain rooting and growth rates during early stages of tea establishment. It was conducted at James Finlay in Kericho County, Kenya. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements. Phosphorus treatments consisted of a standard rate of 107.66kg ha -1, two clones of the tea (S15/10 and SC 12/28) and two mycorrhizal strains (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) plus one control without mycorrhizae. Data was collected on rate of callusing, chlorophyll content and rate of root infection by mycorrhizal fungus. Application of 50kg Mycorrhizae ha-1 exhibited the highest callusing rate on clone SC 15/10 with significant differences (P≤0.05) observed on the chlorophyll content from week 1 to week 30 where the standard application of phosphorus plus 50kg Mycorrhizae ha-1 on clone S 15/10 had the highest content consistently throughout the trial. The highest frequency of mycorrhizae colonization in the rhizosphere was observed when 70kg ha-1 was added under clone SC 12/28. AMF strains are recommended for use on tea propagation in improving callusing rate and the chlorophyll content at a rate of 50kg Mycorrhizae ha-1.

Effect of Glomus intraradices on infection by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici in tomatoes over a 12-week period

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Caron ◽  
J. A. Fortin ◽  
C. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Root Necrosis

The interaction between Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, a vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Shoemaker and its effect on tomato plants were investigated over a 12-week period. The root colonization by Glomus was not affected by the presence of Fusarium. The number of Fusarium propagules was consistently lower when the plants were inoculated with Glomus. The presence of Glomus decreased root necrosis caused by Fusarium in weeks 5, 11, and 12, but no significant effect was observed for the other 9 weeks. The results obtained at any observation time for the endomycorrhizal colonization and the Fusarium population, but not for the percent of root necrosis evaluation, were consistent throughout the 12-week experiment. It is concluded that the parameters used to study the interaction between a vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, a fungal root pathogen, and a host plant must be measured at different times after inoculation with the pathogen to make sure that observations are representative of the interaction under study.

scholarly journals The Effect of Trichoderma harzianum and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on Fusarium Root Rot in Asparagus

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Arriola ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck ◽  
John Rogers ◽  
Gene R. Safir
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Mass

Commercially available biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith were tested for their efficacy in controlling fusarium root rot in potted asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) seedlings. High and low concentrations of Fusarium oxysporum (Schlect.) emend. Snyd. & Hans. f. sp. asparagi Cohen & Heald (FOA) were combined with G. intraradices and/or T. harzianum treatments. In both experiments included in this study, T. harzianum and G. intraradices alone and in combination effectively reduced root rot caused by FOA when asparagus seedlings were grown in low levels of FOA-infested medium. When seedlings were grown in high levels of FOA-infested medium, the combination of T. harzianum + G. intraradices significantly increased dry shoot mass and limited root rot compared to the control.

scholarly journals Strategies for Mycorrhizal Inoculation of Six Annual Bedding Plant Species

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1217-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger T. Koide ◽  
Lena L. Landherr ◽  
Ylva L. Besmer ◽  
Jamie M. Detweiler ◽  
E. Jay Holcomb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana ◽  
Sun And Shade

We inoculated six common annual bedding plant species with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith using two fertilizer P concentrations (3 or 15 μg·mL-1) and three inoculation timings (inoculation at sowing, at transplanting, or at both times). The plant species used were: Salvia splendens F. Sellow ex Roem. & Schult. cv. Firecracker Rose; Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. cv. Sun and Shade Royal Red; Tagetes patula L. cv. Girls Golden; Petunia ×hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr. cv. Freedom Blue; Coleus ×hybridus Voss. cv. Jazz Salmon; and Viola ×wittrockiana Gams. cv. Majestic Giant White. In general, Coleus, Petunia, and Viola were colonized more than were Impatiens, Tagetes, and Salvia. Inoculation at sowing required less inoculum than either of the other methods. Moreover, it was generally as effective in promoting colonization as double inoculation, and was often more effective than inoculation at transplanting. Mycorrhizal colonization was significantly reduced by the higher P concentration. The use of Myconate®, a water-soluble form of the flavonoid formononetin, significantly stimulated colonization in Salvia.

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