Biochemical and molecular evidence for the role of class III peroxidases in the resistance of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L) to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi

Abstract Background Class III peroxidases (POD) proteins are widely present in the plant kingdom that are involved in a broad range of physiological processes including stress responses and lignin polymerization throughout the plant life cycle. At present, POD genes have been studied in Arabidopsis, rice, poplar, maize and Chinese pear, but there are no reports on the identification and function of POD gene family in Betula pendula. Results We identified 90 nonredundant POD genes in Betula pendula. (designated BpPODs). According to phylogenetic relationships, these POD genes were classified into 12 groups. The BpPODs are distributed in different numbers on the 14 chromosomes, and some BpPODs were located sequentially in tandem on chromosomes. In addition, we analyzed the conserved domains of BpPOD proteins and found that they contain highly conserved motifs. We also investigated their expression patterns in different tissues, the results showed that some BpPODs might play an important role in xylem, leaf, root and flower. Furthermore, under low temperature conditions, some BpPODs showed different expression patterns at different times. Conclusions The research on the structure and function of the POD genes in Betula pendula plays a very important role in understanding the growth and development process and the molecular mechanism of stress resistance. These results lay the theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of Betula pendula.

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Functional Characterization of Spliceosomal Introns and Identification of U2, U4, and U5 snRNAs in the Deep-Branching Eukaryote Entamoeba histolytica

Eukaryotic Cell ◽

10.1128/ec.00059-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 940-948 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Carrie A. Davis ◽

Michael P. S. Brown ◽

Upinder Singh

Keyword(s):

Entamoeba Histolytica ◽

Splice Site ◽

Expressed Sequence Tag ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Spliceosomal Introns ◽

Accurate Expression ◽

Eukaryotic Organisms

ABSTRACT Pre-mRNA splicing is essential to ensure accurate expression of many genes in eukaryotic organisms. In Entamoeba histolytica, a deep-branching eukaryote, approximately 30% of the annotated genes are predicted to contain introns; however, the accuracy of these predictions has not been tested. In this study, we mined an expressed sequence tag (EST) library representing 7% of amoebic genes and found evidence supporting splicing of 60% of the testable intron predictions, the majority of which contain a GUUUGU 5′ splice site and a UAG 3′ splice site. Additionally, we identified several splice site misannotations, evidence for the existence of 30 novel introns in previously annotated genes, and identified novel genes through uncovering their spliced ESTs. Finally, we provided molecular evidence for the E. histolytica U2, U4, and U5 snRNAs. These data lay the foundation for further dissection of the role of RNA processing in E. histolytica gene expression.

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The role of adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy in Class III malocclusion

American Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1016/0002-9416(81)90187-1 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 451

Author(s):

T.M. Graber

Keyword(s):

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion

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The Transcription Factor Con7-1 Is a Master Regulator of Morphogenesis and Virulence in Fusarium oxysporum

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-07-14-0205-r ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 55-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Carmen Ruiz-Roldán ◽

Yolanda Pareja-Jaime ◽

José Antonio González-Reyes ◽

M. Isabel G. Roncero

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Gene Expression Analysis ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Targeted Deletion ◽

Signal Perception ◽

Cell Wall Biogenesis ◽

Primary And Secondary Metabolism ◽

Genes Encoding

Previous studies have demonstrated the essential role of morphogenetic regulation in Fusarium oxysporum pathogenesis, including processes such as cell-wall biogenesis, cell division, and differentiation of infection-like structures. We identified three F. oxysporum genes encoding predicted transcription factors showing significant identities to Magnaporthe oryzae Con7p, Con7-1, plus two identical copies of Con7-2. Targeted deletion of con7-1 produced nonpathogenic mutants with altered morphogenesis, including defects in cell wall structure, polar growth, hyphal branching, and conidiation. By contrast, simultaneous inactivation of both con7-2 copies caused no detectable defects in the resulting mutants. Comparative microarray-based gene expression analysis indicated that Con7-1 modulates the expression of a large number of genes involved in different biological functions, including host–pathogen interactions, morphogenesis and development, signal perception and transduction, transcriptional regulation, and primary and secondary metabolism. Taken together, our results point to Con7-1 as general regulator of morphogenesis and virulence in F. oxysporum.

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Clinical and molecular evidence for the role of androgens and WT1 in testis descent

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00631-1 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 185 (1-2) ◽

pp. 43-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

H.N. Lim ◽

I.A. Hughes ◽

J. Ross Hawkins

Keyword(s):

Molecular Evidence ◽

Testis Descent

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Smith–Magenis syndrome: haploinsufficiency of RAI1 results in altered gene regulation in neurological and metabolic pathways

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1462399411001827 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sarah H. Elsea ◽

Stephen R. Williams

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Gene Dosage ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Diagnostic Strategies ◽

Functional Studies ◽

Molecular Features ◽

Altered Gene ◽

Behavioural Management

Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a complex neurobehavioural disorder characterised by intellectual disability, self-injurious behaviours, sleep disturbance, obesity, and craniofacial and skeletal anomalies. Diagnostic strategies are focused towards identification of a 17p11.2 microdeletion encompassing the gene RAI1 (retinoic acid induced 1) or a mutation of RAI1. Molecular evidence shows that most SMS features are due to RAI1 haploinsufficiency, whereas variability and severity are modified by other genes in the 17p11.2 region for 17p11.2 deletion cases. The functional role of RAI1 is not completely understood, but it is probably a transcription factor acting in several different biological pathways that are dysregulated in SMS. Functional studies based on the hypothesis that RAI1 acts through phenotype-specific pathways involving several downstream genes have shown that RAI1 gene dosage is crucial for normal regulation of circadian rhythm, lipid metabolism and neurotransmitter function. Here, we review the clinical and molecular features of SMS and explore more recent studies supporting possible therapeutic strategies for behavioural management.

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