Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Arctostaphylos contribute to Pseudotsuga menziesii establishment

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R Horton ◽  
Thomas D Bruns ◽  
V Thomas Parker
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Vegetation Surveys

Chaparral on the central coast of California can occur as relatively stable patches of ectomycorrhizal Arctostaphylos directly adjacent to arbuscular mycorrhizal Adenostoma. Vegetation surveys and seedling survival assays show that Pseudotsuga establishes only in Arctostaphylos. We found no significant differences between Arctostaphylos and Adenostoma in allelopathy; light; temperature; or soil NH4+, NO3-, or K. Arctostaphylos soils tended to be higher in phosphate and were lower in pH, Ca, Mg, Ni, and Cr than those from Adenostoma. After 1 year of growth of Pseudotsuga seedlings in an Arctostaphylos patch, 17 species of fungi colonized both Pseudotsuga and Arctostaphylos. Fifty-six of 66 seedlings were colonized by fungi that also colonized Arctostaphylos within the same soil core. Forty-nine percent of the Pseudotsuga ectomycorrhizal biomass was colonized by fungi that were also associated with Arctostaphylos within the same core. Another 12% was colonized by fungi known to associate with Arctostaphylos from different cores. After 4 months of growth, Pseudotsuga seedlings in four of five Arctostaphylos plots were ectomycorrhizal and colonized by fungi in Russulaceae, Thelephoraceae, and Amanitaceae. Pseudotsuga seedlings in two of five Adenostoma plots were ectomycorrhizal but colonized by only two species of fungi in Thelephoraceae. These results provide compelling evidence that ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Arctostaphylos contribute to Pseudotsuga seedling establishment.Key words: arbutoid, Douglas-fir, ectomycorrhizae, manzanita, RFLP, PCR.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Virulence of Pythium Species Obtained from Forest Nursery Soils on Douglas-Fir Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry E. Weiland ◽  
Bryan R. Beck ◽  
Anne Davis
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Forest Nurseries

Pythium species are common soilborne oomycetes that occur in forest nursery soils throughout the United States. Numerous species have been described from nursery soils. However, with the exception of P. aphanidermatum, P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum, little is known about the potential for other Pythium species found in nursery soils to cause damping-off of tree seedlings. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of 44 Pythium isolates representing 16 species that were originally recovered from soil at three forest nurseries in Washington and Oregon. Seeds of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were planted into soil infested with each of the isolates. Seedling survival, the number of surviving seedlings with necrotic root lesions, and taproot length were evaluated 4 weeks later. Responses of Douglas-fir to inoculation varied significantly depending on Pythium species and isolate. Eight species (P. dissotocum, P. irregulare, P. aff. macrosporum, P. mamillatum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum) significantly reduced the number of surviving seedlings compared to the noninoculated treatment. However, all Pythium species caused a greater percentage of seedlings to develop root lesions (total mean 40%) than was observed from noninoculated seedlings (17%). Taproot length varied little among Pythium treatments and was not a useful character for evaluating pathogenicity. Results confirm the ability of P. irregulare, P. mamillatum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum to cause damping-off of Douglas-fir seedlings, and are indicative that other species such as P. dissotocum, P. aff. macrosporum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, and P. sylvaticum may also be responsible for seedling loss.

Occurrence of Piloderma fallax in young, rotation-age, and old-growth stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in the Cascade Range of Oregon, U.S.A.

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 995-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Smith ◽  
R Molina ◽  
M MP Huso ◽  
M J Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Decay Class ◽  
Rotation Age

Yellow mycelia and cords of Piloderma fallax (Lib.) Stalp. were more frequently observed in old-growth stands than in younger managed stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Piloderma fallax frequency and percent cover data were collected from 900 plots in three replicate stands in each of three forest age classes over 2 years in both spring and fall. Piloderma fallax is strongly associated with stand age; it occurred in 57% of plots in old-growth, 6% of rotation-age, and 1% of young stands. Presence of Piloderma fallax was related to the percent cover of coarse woody debris (CWD) in decay class 5. Piloderma fallax was approximately 2.5 times more likely to occur in a plot with CWD decay class 5 present than in plots without. The probability that it would occur in a plot increased by approximately 20% for every 10% increase in percent cover of CWD decay class 5. However, the percent cover of Piloderma fallax was not strongly related to the percent cover of CWD in decay class 5. Frequency of occurrence did not differ among sampling times. Occurrence of Piloderma fallax may indicate suitable substrate for ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with CWD and may be important in forest management for the maintenance of biodiversity and old-growth components in young managed stands.Key words: Piloderma fallax, coarse woody debris, Pseudotsuga menziesii, forest management, ectomycorrhizal fungi, biodiversity.

Ectomycorrhizal colonization of greenhouse-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings by inoculum associated with the roots of refuge plants sampled from a Douglas-fir forest in the southern interior of British Columbia

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M Hagerman ◽  
Daniel M Durall
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Salix Bebbiana ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Morphotypes

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were grown in the greenhouse in a sterilized mixture of forest soil and vermiculite, which had been inoculated with root fragments from one of six different ectomycorrhizal under story plant species (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng, P. menziessi, Salix bebbiana Bebb, Alnus viridis subsp. sinuata (Regel) Ä. Löve & and D. Löve (alder), Betula papyrifera Marsh. (paper birch), Populus tremuloides Michx.) and arbuscular mycorrhizal Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. (pinegrass) sampled from a dry Douglas-fir forest in the southern interior of British Columbia. The overall objective of the present study was to investigate the inoculum potential of these ectomycorrhizal roots for colonizing Douglas-fir seedlings. A total of seven ectomycorrhizal morphotypes formed on the bioassay seedlings, which were colonized by all treatments except the control. Seedlings growing in soil inoculated with root fragments of Douglas-fir, Arctostaphylos, and paper birch had greater ectomycorrhizal richness and a higher percentage of colonized fine roots relative to the pinegrass and alder treatments. The community of ectomycorrhizal fungi that colonized the bioassay seedlings differed from that associated with some of the same refuge plants assessed in a previously reported field-based study at this site. Different ectomy corrhizal fungal colonization strategies and the retention of refuge plants are discussed in relation to the colonization of outplanted seedlings following clearcutting.Key words: ectomycorrhizae, refuge plants, inoculum potential, soil bioassay, Pseudotsuga menziesii.

Survival and Growth of Douglas-Fir Seedlings with Spot-Spraying, Mulching and Root-Dipping

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hsiung Tung ◽  
Jim Batdorff ◽  
David R. DeYoe
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Abstract Two vegetation management methods, paper mulching and spot-spraying with glyphosate, were combined with a root-dipping treatment, Terra Sorb®, to test effects on seedling survival and height growth on a harsh site in Oregon. Survival of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings was significantly higher after the third growing season when competing vegetation had been controlled with mulch or glyphosate during the first two growing seasons. Seedlings retreated with paper mulch and glyphosate before the second growing season had 36 and 25% higher survival than those that were not retreated. None of the seedlings was retreated before the third season; after this season, survival of seedlings treated twice with glyphosate was 26, 23, and 21% higher than seedlings receiving one glyphosate treatment and one or two mulch applications, respectively. There were no differences in seedling height growth among treatments. Rootdipping with Terra Sorb® did not influence survival or growth. West. J. Appl. For. 1:108-111 Oct. 86.

Species richness, abundance, and composition of hypogeous and epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps in young, rotation-age, and old-growth stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in the Cascade Range of Oregon, U.S.A.

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Smith ◽  
R Molina ◽  
M MP Huso ◽  
D L Luoma ◽  
D McKay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Forest Age ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Rotation Age

Knowledge of the community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi among successional forest age-classes is critical for conserving fungal species diversity. Hypogeous and epigeous sporocarps were collected from three replicate stands in each of three forest age-classes (young, rotation-age, and old-growth) of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) dominated stands with mesic plant association groups. Over four fall and three spring seasons, 48 hypogeous and 215 epigeous species or species groups were collected from sample areas of 6300 and 43 700 m2, respectively. Cumulative richness of hypogeous and epigeous species was similar among age-classes but differed between seasons. Thirty-six percent of the species were unique to an age-class: 50 species to old-growth, 19 to rotation-age, and 25 to young stands. Seventeen species (eight hypogeous and nine epigeous) accounted for 79% of the total sporocarp biomass; two hypogeous species, Gautieria monticola Harkn., and Hysterangium crassirhachis Zeller and Dodge, accounted for 41%. Average sporocarp biomass in young and rotation-age stands compared with old-growth stands was about three times greater for hypogeous sporocarps and six times greater for epigeous sporocarps. Average hypogeous sporocarp biomass was about 2.4 times greater in spring compared with fall and for epigeous sporocarps about 146 times greater in fall compared with spring. Results demonstrated differences in ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp abundance and species composition among successional forest age-classes.Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungi, sporocarp production, forest succession, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla zone, biodiversity.

Effect of Laccaria bicolor strains inoculated on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) several years after nursery inoculation

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M -A Selosse ◽  
D Bouchard ◽  
F Martin ◽  
F Le Tacon
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
American Strain

In the Saint-Brisson experiment conducted in central France, the American strain of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton S238N and the French strain L. bicolor 81306 inoculated on containerized Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings increased by 60% the total volume of wood produced 8 years after outplanting as compared with uninoculated but naturally mycorrhizal trees. The two strains introduced 10 years before in the inoculated plots are still present and dominant; they did not prevent the colonization of Douglas-fir roots by naturally occurring ectomycorrhizal fungi but allowed for the establishment of a very diversified symbiotic microflora. Eight to 12 years after outplanting, all the Douglas-fir plots were colonized by Laccaria laccata (Scop.:Fr.) Cooke or L. bicolor strains, as well as some other species, independently of the nursery treatments. With one exception in one plot, the presence of indigenous genets in the control treatments may have prevented the vegetative colonization of the inside of the noninoculated plots by the two introduced strains.

scholarly journals Twenty-Year Response of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) to Treatment with Hexazinone in Northeastern Oregon

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Amanda Lindsay ◽  
Paul Oester ◽  
Elizabeth Cole
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Initial Control

Abstract Chemical control of competing vegetation with hexazinone is a common and effective silvicultural treatment for ensuring ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) plantation success on dry sites in the western United States, yet few studies document the effect for more than the first few years after planting. This study, re-evaluated 20 years after planting, followed ponderosa pine growth and survival when hexazinone was applied in broadcast and spot treatments for control of competing vegetation. We continued work from the first 5 years after establishment that identified early differences in ponderosa pine seedling survival and growth with treatment. Examination of 20-year trends indicated that individual tree volume and volume per hectare continued to diverge among treatments. The economic differences among treatments may increase as more surviving, faster-growing trees in the broadcast treatments reach higher-value products sooner. Initial control of competing vegetation increased the likelihood of seedling survival and increased tree size after 20 years. Results pertained to ponderosa pine of the Douglas-fir/spiraea (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Beissn./Spiraea betulifolia Pall.) and Douglas-fir/common snowberry (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Beissn./Symphoricarpos albus [L.] S. F. Blake) plant associations in northeastern Oregon, but they should apply to similar sites throughout much of the intermountain West.

Cylindrocarpon and Fusarium root colonization of Douglas-fir seedlings from British Columbia reforestation sites

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige E Axelrood ◽  
William K Chapman ◽  
Keith A Seifert ◽  
David B Trotter ◽  
Gwen Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans

Poor performance of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations established in 1987 has occurred in southwestern British Columbia. Affected sites were planted with 1-year-old container stock that exhibited some root dieback in the nursery. A study was initiated in 1991 to assess Cylindrocarpon and Fusarium root infection in planted and naturally regenerating (natural) Douglas-fir seedlings from seven affected plantations. Percentages of seedlings harboring Cylindrocarpon spp.and percent root colonization were significantly greater for planted seedlings compared with natural seedlings. A significant linear trend in Cylindrocarpon root colonization was observed for planted seedlings with colonization levels being highest for roots closest to the remnants of the root plug and decreasing at distances greater than 10cm from that region. This trend in Cylindrocarpon colonization was not observed for natural seedlings. Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zins.) Scholten var. destructans and C.cylindroides Wollenw. var. cylindroides were the only species isolated from planted and natural conifer seedlings. For most sites, percentage of seedlings harboring Fusarium spp.and percent Fusarium root colonization were less than for Cylindrocarpon. Recovery of Fusarium spp.from seedlings and root colonization levels were not significantly different for planted and natural seedlings from all sites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document