Endodermal silicification in developing seminal roots of lowland and upland cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lux ◽  
Miroslava Luxová ◽  
Shigenori Morita ◽  
Jun Abe ◽  
Shinobu Inanaga
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Silica Deposition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Scanning Electron

Silica deposition in two upland rice cultivars, IRAT 109 and Moroberekan, and one lowland rice cultivar, Koshihikari, were compared. X-ray microanalysis coupled with environmental scanning electron microscopy was used to examine fresh, unfixed, hydrated samples for analyses. The results showed silica deposition in seminal roots exclusively in endodermal cells. A clear basipetal increase in Si content was found in the endodermis of all cultivars. Comparison of silicification intensity between the three cultivars showed higher amounts of Si deposited in the endodermis of upland rice cultivars. This might be related to a higher drought resistance of these types of rice. In leaves, silica deposits were present in all epidermal cells with the highest concentration in silica cells. The amount of Si deposited in leaves was several times higher than in the root endodermis. No relationship between extent of leaf epidermal silicification was found when lowland and upland cultivars were compared.Key words: endodermis, environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), rice, root, silica deposits, X-ray microanalysis.

Environmental scanning electron microscopy of fresh human gallstones reveals new morphologies of precipitated calcium salts

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1322-1323
Author(s):  
Howard S. Kaufman ◽  
Keith D. Lillemoe ◽  
John T. Mastovich ◽  
Henry A. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gallstones contain precipitated cholesterol, calcium salts, and proteins. Calcium (Ca) bilirubinate, palmitate, phosphate, and carbonate occurring in gallstones have variable morphologies but characteristic windowless energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra. Previous studies of gallstone microstructure and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX have been limited to dehydrated samples. In this state, Ca bilirubinates appear as either glassy masses, which predominate in black pigment stones, or as clusters, which are found mostly in cholesterol gallstones. The three polymorphs of Ca carbonate, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite, have been identified in gallstones by x-ray diffraction, however; the morphologies of these crystals vary in the literature. The purpose of this experiment was to study fresh gallstones by environmental SEM (ESEM) to determine if dehydration affects gallstone Ca salt morphology.Gallstones and bile were obtained fresh at cholecystectomy from 6 patients. To prevent dehydration, stones were stored in bile at 37°C. All samples were studied within 4 days of procurement.

Applications of Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy in Art Conservation and Archaeology

1990 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Stulik ◽  
Eric Doehne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Art Conservation ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe principles of Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (E-SEM) are explained and discussed. The performance of the E-SEM compares favorably with the performance of traditional SEM instruments. This new technology has significant advantages in art conservation and archaeology. In this paper we describe several pilot studies which explored potential uses of the E-SEM. Electron micrographs recorded from moist, outgassing, and difficult to coat samples are presented, together with X-ray spectra recorded from uncoated samples of electrically nonconductive materials.

scholarly journals ESEM-EDS Investigation of the Weathering of a Heritage Sydney Sandstone

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kin Hong Ip ◽  
Barbara Stuart ◽  
Abhi Ray ◽  
Paul Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Substitution Process ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Clay Component ◽  
Elemental Characterization ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sydney Australia

AbstractThe degradation of Sydney sandstone used to build the heritage St Mary's Cathedral in Sydney, Australia, has been investigated using environmental scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. This technique provided the structural details of the cementing clay and an elemental characterization the sandstone. The observed differences in the elemental composition of the unweathered and weathered sandstones were associated with changes to the clay microstructure upon weathering. The results support the substitution theory that Fe3+ replaces Al3+ in the kaolinite clay component upon weathering. An examination of the impurities present prior to a nonstructural iron removal treatment revealed the presence of minerals that may provide a source of the elements responsible for the substitution process.

Detector strategies for environmental scanning electron microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1296-1297
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detector Electrode ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
Environmental Sem

Environmental SEM operate at specimen chamber pressures of ∼20 torr (2.7 kPa) allowing stabilization of liquid water at room temperature, working on rugged insulators, and generation of an environmental secondary electron (ESE) signal. All signals available in conventional high vacuum instruments are also utilized in the environmental SEM, including BSE, SE, absorbed current, CL, and X-ray. In addition, the ESEM allows utilization of the flux of charge carriers as information, providing exciting new signal modes not available to BSE imaging or to conventional high vacuum SEM.In the ESEM, at low vacuum, SE electrons are collected with a “gaseous detector”. This detector collects low energy electrons (and ions) with biased wires or plates similar to those used in early high vacuum SEM for SE detection. The detector electrode can be integrated into the first PLA or positioned at any other place resulting in a versatile system that provides a variety of surface information.

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