Rhabdocline needle cast — most recent findings of the occurrence of Rhabdocline pseudotsugae in Douglas-fir seeds

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Morgenstern ◽  
Matthias Döring ◽  
Doris Krabel
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Rhabdocline pseudotsugae Syd. is one of the major fungal pathogens in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). To date, macroscopic and microscopic analyses of disease symptoms have resulted in the description of the Rhabdocline needle cast pathogen as a highly specialized needle parasite. In practice, the parasite has traditionally been identified by its fruiting bodies on infected needles. But nevertheless, it is not possible to detect the fungus if typical morphological traits are absent. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based techniques facilitate the detection of even small quantities of fungal DNA, regardless of the existence of visible fungal structures. Recent investigations into paths of infection and distribution using PCR have identified R. pseudotsugae in various types of Douglas-fir tissue including embryonic tissue which did not exhibit any symptoms. Taking these findings as a basis, the present study systematically tested seeds from five German, 13 North American, and two Ukrainian areas of origin for infection with R. pseudotsugae. The fungus was definitively detected in samples from five German and seven North American areas of origin. Nineteen percent of the tested seeds were infected. This indicates that infected seeds might represent another potential source of infection in addition to the ascospore-based distribution of R. pseudotsugae.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Resistance to Rhabdocline Needlecast in Douglas Fir Variety Shuswap, with Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Catal ◽  
G. C. Adams ◽  
D. W. Fulbright
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Release Times ◽  
Spore Release ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was developed that could detect DNA of Rhabdocline pseudotsugae and R. oblonga among DNA of Douglas fir needles to a limit as low as three copies of target DNA. Differential infection rates of two varieties (seed sources) of Douglas fir interplanted in a field were studied in relation to staggered bud breaks. Infection of Douglas fir var. San Isabel corresponded to ascospore release times for Rhabdocline spp., whereas infection of var. Shuswap Lake did not occur throughout the spore release period during 2 years of study, despite abundant inoculum and adequate moisture during bud break. Rhabdocline spp. DNA was never detected in Shuswap Lake and disease symptoms were not observed in any year. We provide evidence that Shuswap Lake is resistant and probably immune to Rhabdocline spp. infection and Rhabdocline needlecast under Michigan conditions.

Wild boars meat as a potential source of human trichinellosis in Poland: current data

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Moskwa ◽  
Aleksandra Cybulska ◽  
Aleksandra Kornacka ◽  
Władysław Cabaj ◽  
Justyna Bień
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractTrichinellosis is an epidemiological problem with a global distribution. In Poland a substantial increase of the wild boar population has been observed since 2010, together with an increased incidence of trichinellosis after ingestion of raw or undercooked wild boar products containing Trichinella spp. larvae. However, the actual number of human cases remains particularly difficult to determine. The aim of the present study was to determine the current prevalence and spread of these parasites within wild boars. The diaphragm pillars and tongue from 833 wild boars were collected from 2010 to 2014, as well as one wild boar meat sausage known to be a source of infection. The samples were tested for Trichinella spp. using pepsin digestion. Recovered larvae were identified at species level by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR). The overall prevalence in all examined samples was found to be 2.0% (17/833). Recovered larvae were identified as T. spiralis and T. britovi (9/18 and 5/18, respectively). T. spiralis larvae were isolated from the sausage. Mixed infection was confirmed only once. Three isolates were not identified. The results of our study confirm that the wild boar plays a key role in the maintenance of Trichinella nematodes through the sylvatic cycle.

A Study of the Efficiency of Modern Domestic Disinfectants in the System of TB Control Activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Paliy ◽  
A. Zavgorodniy ◽  
B. Stegniy ◽  
A. Gerilovych
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Test Objects

Due to the absence of elaborated effi cient means for specifi c prevention of bovine tuberculosis, it is ex- tremely important to detect and eliminate the source of infection and to take veterinary and sanitary preven- tive measures. Here the critical role is attributed to disinfection, which breaks the epizootic chain due to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in the environment and involves the application of disinfectants of different chemical groups. Aim. To study the tuberculocidal properties of new disinfectants DZPT-2 and FAG against atypical mycobacteria Mycobacterium fortitum and a TB agent Mycobacterium bovis. Methods. The bacteriological and molecular-genetic methods were used. Results. It was determined that DZPT-2 prepara- tion has bactericidal effect on M. fortuitum when used in the concentration of 2.0 % of the active ingredient (AI) when exposed for 5–24 h, while disinfectant FAG has a bactericidal effect in the concentration of 2.0 % when exposed for 24 h. Disinfectant DZPT-2 in the concentration of 2.0 % of the AI, when exposed for 5–24 h, and FAG preparation in the concentration of 2.0 %, when exposed for 24 h, and with the norm of consump- tion rate of 1 cubic decimeter per 1 square meter disinfect the test-objects (batiste, wood, glazed tile, metal, glass), contaminated with the TB agent M. bovis. Conclusions. Disinfecting preparations of DZPT-2 in the concentration of 2.0 % of AI when exposed for 5 h and FAG in the concentration of 2.0 % when exposed for 24 h may be used in the complex of veterinary and sanitary measures to prevent and control TB of farm ani- mals. The possibility of using the polymerase chain reaction as an additional method of estimating tuberculo- cide activity of disinfectants was proven.

Diagnostic Accuracy of a Direct Panfungal Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Performed on Stained Cytology Slides

2021 ◽  
pp. 030098582199156
Author(s):  
Alexandra N. Myers ◽  
Unity Jeffery ◽  
Zachary G. Seyler ◽  
Sara D. Lawhon ◽  
Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Panfungal Pcr ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Molecular techniques are increasingly being applied to stained cytology slides for the diagnosis of neoplastic and infectious diseases. Such techniques for the identification of fungi from stained cytology slides have not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of direct (without nucleic acid isolation) panfungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing for identification of fungi and oomycetes on stained cytology slides from dogs, cats, horses, and other species. Thirty-six cases were identified with cytologically identifiable fungi/oomycetes and concurrent identification via fungal culture or immunoassay. Twenty-nine controls were identified with no cytologically or histologically visible organisms and a concurrent negative fungal culture. Direct PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer region followed by sequencing was performed on one cytology slide from each case and control, and the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were calculated. The sensitivity of the panfungal PCR assay performed on stained cytology slides was 67% overall, 73% excluding cases with oomycetes, and 86% when considering only slides with abundant fungi. The specificity was 62%, which was attributed to amplification of fungal DNA from control slides with no visible fungus and negative culture results. Direct panfungal PCR is capable of providing genus- or species-level identification of fungi from stained cytology slides. Given the potential of panfungal PCR to amplify contaminant fungal DNA, this assay should be performed on slides with visible fungi and interpreted in conjunction with morphologic assessment by a clinical pathologist.

DNA Isolation from Recalcitrant Materials Such as Tree Roots, Bark, and Forest Soil for the Detection of Fungal Pathogens by Polymerase Chain Reaction

1998 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther Bahnweg ◽  
Steffen Schulze ◽  
Evelyn M. Möller ◽  
Hilkea Rosenbrock ◽  
Christian Langebartels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Chronic Invasive Fungal Sinusitis With Negative Histopathology: A Diagnostic Challenge

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132097377
Author(s):  
Anne Ning ◽  
Arminé Kocharyan ◽  
W Colby Brown ◽  
Brian D’Anza
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Invasive Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Histopathologic Findings ◽  
Chronic Invasive

Although the diagnosis of chronic invasive fungal sinusitis relies chiefly on identification of invasive fungi on histology, the insidious nature of the disease can preclude detection of fungal organisms. Here, we present a case of chronic invasive fungal sinusitis with negative histopathologic findings and a definitive diagnosis made through fungal DNA detection. Clinicians should consider polymerase chain reaction an important complement to histology and culture in the diagnosis of chronic invasive fungal sinusitis.

scholarly journals Application of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Proliferative Enteritis-Affected Swine Herds

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia K. Holyoake ◽  
Gary F. Jones ◽  
Peter R. Davies ◽  
Dennis L. Foss ◽  
Michael P. Murtaugh
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
Age Range

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to confirm the presence of ileal symbiont (IS) intracellularis in 3 swine herds with a history of proliferative enteritis (PE). Two pooled fecal specimens, each comprising 5 individual stool samples, were collected from pen floors to screen for the presence of IS intracellularis and determine the age range of pigs shedding the organism. IS intracellularis was detected in the feces of clinically normal 10–25week-old grower/finisher pigs, indicating that this age range of pigs was the main source of infection for younger nursery pigs. Shedding continued without clinical disease when 10–100 g/ton of tylosin or 10 g/ton of chlortetracycline was added to the feed. PCR testing of pooled fecal samples can be used to identify groups of pigs affected with PE. The results of this study indicate that this PCR assay has the potential to accurately assess the IS intracellularis infection status of swine herds and the association of IS intracellular-is with PE and growth performance.

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