Wood density of Norway spruce in uneven-aged stands

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka Piispanen ◽  
Jaakko Heinonen ◽  
Sauli Valkonen ◽  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Sven-Olof Lundqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Spruce Stands

This study focused on wood density and annual ring width in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) grown in uneven-aged stands (UAS). In total, 96 trees were harvested from five UAS that had been managed by single-tree selection for decades. A data set of 27 trees from even-aged stands (EAS) was used for comparison. In the UAS trees, high density and narrow annual rings were found in the juvenile wood near the pith. Thereafter, wood density rapidly decreased until the 20th annual ring, followed by an increase toward the bark. In the outermost rings, wood density again slightly decreased. The trends in wood density in the UAS trees correspond with those reported for naturally regenerated, even-aged Norway spruce stands, with the exception of the decrease in the outermost rings. A mixed linear model with ring width, cambial age, and canopy position as fixed parameters accounted for 53% of the variation in wood density of the UAS trees. In contrast to UAS trees, EAS trees showed increased wood density in the outer rings as a result of decreasing growth rate. The abrupt change in wood density of UAS trees may affect the properties of timber sawn close to the pith.

Wood density as a screening trait for drought sensitivity in Norway spruce

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rosner ◽  
J. Světlík ◽  
K. Andreassen ◽  
I. Børja ◽  
L. Dalsgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Hydraulic Vulnerability ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
The Impact

We linked hydraulic vulnerability in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trunkwood with different cambial age to wood density and applied the findings on annual density variations in healthy and declining trees from southern Norway during 1990 to 2010. We hypothesized that drought stress due to the 2003 or 2006 European heat waves were the triggers for tree decline and focused analyses on the structure of wood that was produced after, as well as before, signs of stress, i.e., when decreases in height or diameter growth were visible. In the data set comprising previously published and new measurements, P50, i.e., the pressure potential necessary to induce a 50% loss in hydraulic conductivity, was negatively related to wood density. Declining trees produced wider annual rings with lower density than vigorous trees before their radial and height increment started to decline in 2003 or 2006. Trees that produced low-density wood under favorable water availability were more stressed by a sudden drought event because of higher P50 values in their sapwood. Due to the strong genotypic relationship between wood density and growth, we suggest that spruce trees selected for fast growth might experience limited hydraulic performance under the impact of extreme heat waves.

Effect of ring width, cambial age, and climatic variables on the within-ring wood density profile of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst.

Trees ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Franceschini ◽  
Fleur Longuetaud ◽  
Jean-Daniel Bontemps ◽  
Olivier Bouriaud ◽  
Benoît-Damien Caritey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Cambial Age

scholarly journals Disturbances in variation of the annual ring width of Norway spruce in the Polish Western Beskids Mountains

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wilczyński ◽  
E. Feliksik
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Spruce Stands

Changes in radial increment of Norway spruce in 25 stands more than 100 years old were analysed. Stands were growing on sites of different exposure situated at 450–1,200 m above sea level in the Polish Western Beskids Mountains. In the mid-1990s a considerable increase in annual ring width was observed. The greatest increase occurred in trees growing at the highest altitudes. This phenomenon occurred after a long period of increment decrease at the turn of the 1970s. After 1990 as the annual ring width was increasing, the variation and amplitude of ring width also increased. The cause of a long-term increase in radial increment was the improvement of thermal and pluvial conditions during late winter and early spring having a substantial effect on Norway spruce growth. In the 1990s the period of rapid changes in thermal and pluvial conditions of summer began. After moist and cold summers there were hot and dry summers. This resulted in increased variations and amplitude of the growth responses of Norway spruce and contributed to the weakening of trees above 100 years of age. The increasing break-up of Norway spruce stands growing in the lower mountain zone of the Polish Western Beskids Mountains, observed in recent years, is the final effect of this process.

Effects of cambial age, clone and climatic factors on ring width and ring density in Norway spruce (Picea abies) in southeastern Finland

2012 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Zubizarreta-Gerendiain ◽  
Jaume Gort-Oromi ◽  
Lauri Mehtätalo ◽  
Heli Peltola ◽  
Ari Venäläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Cambial Age

Influence of Growth Rate and Cambial Age on Density of Rauli (Nothofagus nervosa) in Relation to Vessel Lumen Areas and Numbers

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Denne ◽  
C. M. Cahalan ◽  
D. P. Aebischer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Nothofagus Nervosa

Summary To assess the likely effects of silvicultural treatment on the wood quality of Nothofagus nervosa grown in the UK, and the possibilities of independent selection within seed origins for density and growth rate, ring width and wood density were analysed from pith to bark of 19 trees. Variations in vessel lumen size, vessel number mm−2, and total lumen area mm−2 were analysed in ten trees. Since density increased by only 0.005g cm−3 per mm increase in ring width, silvicultural practices such as initial spacing and thinning are not likely to have a substantial effect on the wood density of rauli. Similarly, variation in density with cambial age was significant but relatively minor in the 40- and 60-year old trees of the present sample, suggesting that the rotation length is unlikely to have any practical influence on the density of rauli. Considerable between-tree differences in density were found which did not correspond to differences in ring width, suggesting it should be feasible to select independently for density and growth rate. These differences in density were associated with differences in both vessel lumen size and vessel number mm−2

scholarly journals Radial growth of Scots pine and Norway spruce stands as an indicator of soil and environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012074
Author(s):  
B Aparin ◽  
B Babikov ◽  
D Zolotukhin ◽  
E Mingareeva
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Cyclical Pattern ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Successive Change

Abstract The study presents an analysis of radial growth of Scots pine and Norway spruce trees growing on drained soils formed on varved clays at the sample sites of the Lisino Experimental Forestry (Lisino). Based on dendrochronological studies in Lisino, it has been found that the radial growth of Scots pine and Norway spruce is a sensitive indicator of changes in the soil water regime, climate, and phytocenotic relationships. On the basis of the character of tree-ring width growth, the growth charts allowed distinguishing zones with close to average growth values, as well as with increased and decreased values of radial growth. The cyclical pattern of tree ring width is well expressed in the successive change of zones. The availability of dendrochronological research materials with precise spatial and temporal reference makes it possible to organize monitoring of radial growth of trees as an indicator of changes in climate and habitat conditions.

scholarly journals Automatic detection of pith location along norway spruce timber boards on the basis of optical scanning

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadios Habite ◽  
Anders Olsson ◽  
Jan Oscarsson
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Thickness Direction ◽  
Clear Wood ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Sawn Timber ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Knowledge of annual ring width and location of pith in relation to board cross-sections, and how these properties vary in the longitudinal direction of boards, is relevant for many purposes, such as assessment of shape mechanical properties and stability of sawn timber. Hence, the present research aims at developing a novel method and an algorithm, based on data obtained from optical surface scanning, by which the pith location along the length of sawn timber boards can be determined accurately and automatically. The first step of the method is to identify clear wood sections, free of defects along boards. Then time-frequency analysis, using the continuous wavelet transform, is applied to detect the surface annual ring width distribution of the four sides of the selected sections. Finally, the pith location is estimated by comparing annual ring width distributions on the different surfaces, and assuming that annual rings are concentric circles with the pith in the centre. The proposed algorithm was applied to a total sample of 104 Norway spruce boards. Results indicate that optical scanners and the suggested automatic method allow for accurate detection of annual ring width and location of pith along boards. For a sample of boards with the pith located within the cross-section, a mean error of 2.6 mm and 3.2  mm in the depth and thickness direction, respectively, was obtained. For a sample of boards of which 60% with pith located outside the cross-section, a mean discrepancy between automatically and manually determined pith locations of 3.9 mm and 5.8 mm in depth and thickness direction, respectively, was obtained.

scholarly journals Influence of cambial age and climate on ring width and wood density in Pinus radiata families

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Ivković ◽  
Washington Gapare ◽  
Harry Wu ◽  
Sergio Espinoza ◽  
Philippe Rozenberg
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Cambial Age

Age trends in genetic parameters of wood density in young Norway spruce

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gro Hylen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Age trends of phenotypic, environmental, and additive genetic variance and heritability were estimated for overall density and its components earlywood and latewood densities and latewood proportion. The objective was to acquire information for both individual and cumulated rings from ring number 3 to 12 counted from the pith. Age-age correlations were calculated for cumulated density traits only. The wood density data were obtained with X-ray analysis of increment cores from 47 open-pollinated families of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). The families had earlywood and latewood with significant differences in density for individual and cumulated rings and consequently for overall density. The latewood proportion had significant family variation for cumulated rings but not for all individual rings. Large fluctuations in environmental variance caused fluctuations in heritability estimates for successive rings. A strong decrease in environmental variance for all cumulated traits, especially from ring 3 to 5, resulted in a steady increase in heritability estimates. The latewood density had the highest heritability estimates and latewood proportion the lowest for both individual and cumulated rings. Overall density and the cumulated components at cambial age 12 showed strong genetic correlations with their respective traits at all younger ages.

Wood density in Norway spruce: changes with thinning intensity and tree age

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1767-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Jaakkola ◽  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Pekka Saranpää
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Individual Tree Growth ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Individual Trees

The effect of thinning intensity on growth and wood density in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was investigated in two long-term thinning experiments in southeastern Finland. The stands were approaching maturity, and their development had already been studied for 30 years. The intensities of thinning were low, normal, and high (i.e., the stand basal area after the thinning was, on average, 40, 27, and 24 m2·ha–1, respectively, in Heinola, and 30, 28, and 17 m2·ha–1 in Punkaharju, respectively). Compared with the low thinning intensity, the normal and high thinning intensities increased the basal-area increment of individual trees by 52% and 68%, respectively. Normal and high thinning intensities resulted in a relatively small reduction (1%–4%) of mean ring density compared with low thinning intensity. The random variation in wood density between and within trees was large. About 27% of the total variation in wood density was related to variation between rings. Our results indicate that the prevailing thinning intensities in Norway spruce stands in Fennoscandia cause no marked changes in wood density. At least, the possible reduction in wood density is low compared with the increase in individual tree growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document