scholarly journals A replanning approach for maximizing woodland caribou habitat alongside timber production

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Martin ◽  
Jonathan L.W. Ruppert ◽  
Eldon A. Gunn ◽  
David L. Martell
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Harvest Scheduling ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Habitat Amount ◽  
Trout Lake ◽  
Preferred Habitat

We present a forest harvest scheduling model that meets timber harvest targets while maximizing a proxy measure of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) habitat based on the configuration of preferred habitat on the landscape. Woodland caribou within the boreal forest region in Canada tend to prefer mature jack pine forest stands, which tend to be rich in their preferred resource, lichen, and also reduce predation pressure. This can create conflict with industrial wood supply needs. We designed a model that can be used to identify good harvest scheduling plans given these competing objectives. Our approach is to use a series of sequential linear programming models that are solved within a replanning framework. Specifically, each individual linear programming model seeks to produce a solution that will meet timber harvest targets while minimizing the harvest of high-quality woodland caribou habitat stands. Stands are assessed with respect to their suitability as woodland caribou habitat based on their contribution to the overall landscape equivalent connected area (ECA), a combined spatial measure of preferred habitat amount and its connectivity. We used our model for a case study of the Trout Lake Forest in northwestern Ontario, Canada, and found that our model creates approximately 10% more caribou habitat than an earlier heuristic procedure and 30% more caribou habitat than the prevailing woodland caribou habitat forest management plan in the Trout Lake Forest while meeting the same timber harvest targets.

Timber harvest scheduling in a fuzzy decision environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bruce Bare ◽  
Guillermo A. Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Harvest Scheduling ◽  
Fuzzy Decision ◽  
Decision Environment ◽  
Objective Function Values ◽  
Scheduling Models

Linear programming is a widely used tool for timber harvest scheduling in North America. However, some potential problems related to infeasible harvest schedules, overly optimistic objective function values, and the need to strictly satisfy all constraints included in deterministic model formulations have been raised. This paper describes a fuzzy approach for explicitly recognizing the imprecise nature of the harvest flow constraints usually included in harvest scheduling models. The objective function and selected constraints are viewed as soft, and satisfactory solutions are derived and discussed for several scenarios. An illustrative sample problem is presented to demonstrate the methodology, and a comparison with solutions derived from a traditional linear programming model is presented.

scholarly journals Progress towards the experimental reintroduction of woodland caribou to Minnesota and adjacent Ontario

Rangifer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Jordan ◽  
James L. Nelson ◽  
John Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
The North

Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are native to Minnesota but started to decline in the mid 1800s and disappeared from the state by 1940. Their demise had been attributed to extensive timber harvest and ovethunting; but more recently mortality from the meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, carried by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and increased prédation by timber wolves (Canis lupus) and black bears (Ursus americanus) have been suggested as additional causes. We describe a current initiative to explore feasibility of restoring caribou to the boundary waters region of Minnesota and Ontario. Feasibility studies have been conducted under the guidance of the North Central Catibou Corporation (NCCC), a non-governmental organization with representation from relevant state, federal, Native American, and Canadian agencies. Results indicate a) Within Minnesota the most suitable site for woodland caribou lies within the eastern sector of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW), and this is contiguous with a similarly suitable sector of Ontario's Quetico Provincial Park: Together these comprise the recommended 1300-km2 Boundary Waters Caribou Region (BWCR); b) Vegetation in the BWCR has changed little since the 1920s when caribou were last present other than effects of fire suppression; c) Level of white-tailed deer, hence the meningeal worm, is so low in the BWCR that this factor is unlikely to impede survival of re-introduced caribou; d) While wolf numbers within the wider region are relatively high, their impacts may be minimized if caribou are released in small, widely scattered groups; in addition, an abundance of lakes with islands affords good summer-time prédation security; e) Threat to calves from black bears, probably more numerous than in earlier times, appears lessened by the security of lakeshores and islands; and f) A simulation model, combining knowledge from elsewhere with the BWCR assessment, suggests that released animals have a 0.2 to 0.8 chance of increasing in numbers during the first 20 years post-release. Strategies for maximizing success are identified. NCCC has concluded that the only practical approach that remains for determining restoration feasibility is through experimental releases or caribou. While promise of eventual success appears only moderate, the NCCC feels that costs and uncertainties associated with the experiment are justified by the environmental benefits from a success. Even if the effort fails, valuable knowledge would accrue for conservation biologists in general. An action plan is outlined, and progress and problems in selling the caribou initiative are discussed.

scholarly journals Winter distribution of woodland caribou in relation to clear-cut logging in west-central Alberta

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1433-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirby G Smith ◽  
E Janet Ficht ◽  
David Hobson ◽  
Troy C Sorensen ◽  
David Hervieux
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Winter Range ◽  
West Central

The responses of a herd of migratory woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) to timber harvesting that fragmented about 11% of their winter range in west-central Alberta were examined in this study. From 1981 to 1996, 45 caribou were radio-collared and monitored during the initiation and completion of first-pass timber harvest (50% removal). Variables examined were home-range size, daily movement rates, and distance to the nearest cut block for radio-collared individuals. Daily movement rates and individual winter range sizes decreased as timber harvesting progressed. Caribou avoided using recently fragmented areas by an average of 1.2 km. If fragmentation of the winter range continues through timber harvesting and other industrial activities, the "spacing out" antipredator strategy used by caribou may be compromised. Based on these findings, timber-harvesting strategies are recommended that (i) ensure an adequate area of usable habitat to support the current population, (ii) minimize the amount of fragmented area, and (iii) in the short term avoid presently defined core use areas.

A Simulation/Linear Programming Approach to Timber Supply Modeling

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
William McKillop ◽  
Bruce Krumland
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Inventory Constraints ◽  
Stand Type ◽  
Time Subject

Abstract A growth and yield simulator was combined with a forest inventory processor and a linear programming model to analyze and project timber inventory, growth and harvest for industrial and nonindustrial lands in each of five regions in California. Harvest priorities for each stand type were chosen by maximization of conifer output over alternative periods of time subject to volume, species, and inventory constraints. Results indicated that timber harvest from forest industry land would decline in the next several decades, but that this decline would be offset by increased output from nonindustrial holdings. A substantial buildup of hardwood inventories on small private ownerships is anticipated. West. J. Appl. For. 4(3):80-84, July 1989.

A comparison of FORMAN and linear programming approaches to timber harvest scheduling

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1351-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Jamnick
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Harvest Scheduling ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Supply Model

Harvest schedules are developed and compared for two hypothetical 129 900-ha forests using the FORMAN wood supply model and linear programming. The purpose is to determine how the harvest schedules and models differ and under what conditions one model would be preferred over the other. The results clearly demonstrate that compared with FORMAN, linear programming is able to find solutions with higher harvest volumes in every case considered. Additionally, fundamental differences between the model capabilities were discovered. The FORMAN model is preferred in situations where the harvest scheduling problem is relatively simple and conforms to the activities included in the model. Linear programming is preferred when the analyst is concerned with the economics of wood supply and controlling a variety of activities and outputs.

scholarly journals Integrating woodland caribou needs and forestry: perspectives of Alberta's forest industry

Rangifer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
W. Kent Brown
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Woodland Caribou

Much of Alberta's woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) range outside protected areas is subject to commercial forest management. In this paper, I discuss some perspectives of the forest industry regarding caribou-related issues. Six forest companies holding Forest Management Agreements (FMAs) in Alberta were polled. Forest managers were most concerned about 2 aspects of caribou management: reductions of annual allowable cut (AAC) that may be necessary to provide for caribou habitat needs; and management of public access. Perceived information gaps fell into 3 categories: caribou demographics (population size, trends and densities); primary limiting factors of caribou populations (including the influence of human activity); and caribou habitat requirements (including the effects of timber harvest on caribou habitat). Increased costs associated with consideration of caribou have been incurred at the planning and operational levels. However, those costs have been low, primarily because much proposed harvest in caribou ranges has been deferred. Costs are expected to increase substantially in the future as timber from caribou ranges is required to meet harvest objectives. Other issues identified included: the desire for an adaptive management approach to caribou-forestry interactions; the need to incorporate natural-disturbance-regime models into forest planning; consideration of the cumulative effects on caribou of all industrial and recreational activities; and unmanaged harvest by First Nations people. A list of caribou-related projects conducted or supported by forest companies in Alberta during the past 5 years is provided.

scholarly journals Caribou conservation and recovery in Ontario: development and implementation of the Caribou Conservation Plan

Rangifer ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted (E.R.) Armstrong ◽  
Michael Gluck ◽  
Glen Hooper ◽  
Iain Mettam ◽  
Gerald D. Racey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Habitat Amount ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Landscape Scales

The range of Ontario’s woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) (forest-dwelling ecotype) has receded northward substantially over many decades, leading to its current Threatened designation. Ontario released its Caribou Conservation Plan (CCP) in the fall of 2009. This policy responded to public input and recommendations from the Ontario Woodland Caribou Recovery Team and the Caribou Science Review Panel, and outlines conservation and recovery actions to conserve and recover caribou. Within an adaptive management framework, the CCP builds upon a recent history of managing at large landscape scales in Ontario to implement a range management approach as the basis for recovery actions. These commitments and actions include enhanced research and monitoring, improved caribou habitat planning at the landscape scale, an integrated range analysis approach using advanced assessment tools to evaluate thresholds of habitat amount, arrangement and disturbance, the assessment of probability of persistence, consideration of cumulative effects, meeting forest management silvicultural performance requirements, consideration of caribou recovery implications when managing other wildlife, an initial focus on the southern edge of caribou distribution where threats are most significant, improved outreach and stewardship, and consideration of Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge in recovery actions. Implementation of the CCP signifies a long-term provincial commitment to caribou recovery, initially focusing on identified priorities within the CCP.

scholarly journals Using temporary dye marks to estimate ungulate population abundance in southwest Yukon, Canada

Rangifer ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy M. Hegel ◽  
Kyle Russell ◽  
Thomas S. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
The Mean

We describe the protocols of two mark-resight abundance surveys, using temporary dye-marks, for the Aishihik woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) and wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) populations (herds) in the southwest Yukon Territory, Canada. We also provide recommendations based on experiences from these surveys for biologists and managers considering this approach. The Aishihik woodland caribou herd was the focus of intensive management in the 1990s aimed at recovering the herd. Following recovery activities, a target size of 2000 animals was determined and the Champagne-Aishihik Traditional Territory Community-Based Wildlife Management Plan recommended an estimate of the herd’s size be completed before the year 2013. We used an aerial mark-resight approach to estimate the herd’s size in March 2009. Caribou (n = 59) were marked from a helicopter with temporary dye, delivered via a CO2-powered rifle. Two independent resighting sessions were subsequently carried out via helicopter. The herd was estimated at 2044 animals (90% CI: 1768 – 2420) with an overall resighting rate of 0.47. The mean annual growth rate (λ) of the herd from 1997 – 2009 was 1.05 (SE = 0.01). The Aishihik wood bison herd was estimated at 1151 (90% CI: 998 – 1355). Our study suggests that ungulates temporarily marked with dye can be successfully used to obtain statistically sound population estimates.

Demographic and behavioural response of woodland caribou to forest harvesting

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2837-2849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réhaume Courtois ◽  
André Gingras ◽  
Daniel Fortin ◽  
Aïssa Sebbane ◽  
Bruno Rochette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Forest Management Plan

We investigated whether woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou ) would remain in a 2772 km2 area in eastern Quebec where the forest management plan included the preservation of large forest blocks (35–182 km2) linked with >400 m wide corridors and where cuts were amalgamated in large zones. To evaluate changes in caribou abundance and habitat selection, we conducted five aerial surveys and followed by telemetry 13 to 22 female caribou each year, from March 1998 to March 2005. Caribou numbers declined by 59% between 1999 and 2001 but gradually recovered to initial abundance. Female survival increased from 73.3% in 1999 to 87.3%–93.4% in 2004 and 2005. Caribou selected protected blocks, used corridors in proportion to their availability, and avoided logged areas. They preferred closed conifer stands without terrestrial lichens and open conifer stands with or without terrestrial lichens throughout the study. Open habitats (clearcuts and burns), regenerating sites, mixed and deciduous stands, and water bodies were avoided. The main zones used by caribou gradually shifted towards the southwest of the study area, likely as a result of disturbance and habitat loss due to logging of mature conifers in the east. We conclude that caribou numbers were maintained within the managed area as a result of the presence of protected blocks and uncut continuous forest.

A Linear Programming Model for Product Mix Profit Maximization in A Small Medium Enterprise Company

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mohd Baki ◽  
Jack Kie Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Production Planning ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Linear Programming Model ◽  
Product Mix ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Production planning is often challenging for small medium enterprises (SMEs) company. Most of the SMEs are having difficulty in determining the optimal level of the production output which can affect their business performance. Product mix optimization is one of the main key for production planning. Many company have used linear programming model in determining the optimal combination of various products that need to be produced in order to maximize profit. Thus, this study aims for profit maximization of a SME company in Malaysia by using linear programming model. The purposes of this study are to identify the current process in the production line and to formulate a linear programming model that would suggest a viable product mix to ensure optimum profitability for the company. ABC Sdn Bhd is selected as a case study company for product mix profit maximization study. Some conclusive observations have been drawn and recommendations have been suggested. This study will provide the company and other companies, particularly in Malaysia, an exposure of linear programming method in making decisions to determine the maximum profit for different product mix.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document