Hybrid evolutionary optimization for takeaway order selection and delivery path planning utilizing habit data

The last years have seen a rapid growth of the takeaway delivery market, which has provided a lot of jobs for deliverymen. However, increasing numbers of takeaway orders and the corresponding pickup and service points have made order selection and path planning a key challenging problem to deliverymen. In this paper, we present a problem integrating order selection and delivery path planning for deliverymen, the objective of which is to maximize the revenue per unit time subject to maximum delivery path length, overdue penalty, reward/penalty for large/small number of orders, and high customer scoring reward. Particularly, we consider uncertain order ready time and customer satisfaction level, which are estimated based on historical habit data of stores and customers using a machine-learning approach. To efficiently solve this problem, we propose a hybrid evolutionary algorithm, which adapts the water wave optimization (WWO) metaheuristic to evolve solutions to the main order selection problem and employs tabu search to route the delivery path for each order selection solution. Experimental results on test instances constructed based on real food delivery application data demonstrate the performance advantages of the proposed algorithm compared to a set of popular metaheuristic optimization algorithms.

Die geförderte ausschreibungsbasierte Direktvermarktung nach dem EEG 2021

From a factual and legal perspective, the Renewable Energy Law is the catalyst for the energy transition. Comparable to the volatility of wind and photovoltaics, the legal framework is also changing. The final cesura was initiated with the introduction of a promoted tender-based direct marketing. This new approach will be for the first time subject to a comprehensive analysis. After an introduction to the technical and economic foundations, the author analyses and evaluates the normative framework under the EEG 2021. Subsequently boundaries of European- and constitutional law are elaborated.

Examining the Early Modern Canon: The English Short Title Catalogue and Large-Scale Patterns of Cultural Production

This chapter presents the findings of an ongoing digital project of the Helsinki Computational History Group at Helsinki Centre for Digital Humanities (HELDIG) focused on the history of eighteenth-century book publication. The authors have created a historical-biographical database based on The English Short-Title Catalogue (ESTC), a standard source for analytical bibliographic research, and extracted a data-driven canon which considers changes over time, subject-topics, top-works, authors, publishers, publication place, and materiality. This chapter provides both methodological and historical insights into the development of print and demonstrates the huge analytical potential of harmonized metadata catalogs. While quantitative analyses of the book trade were attempted before, they did not engage with the complex process of canon formation at such a large scale. The authors’ work highlights the formative role played by publishers in this process and the epistemological shift started at the end of the seventeenth century, when religious works were increasingly replaced by literary works. As the authors argue, this shift in the production and consumption of print allowed for a reinvention of the canon during the eighteenth century.

The kleineWeltentdecker App - A Smartphone-Based Developmental Diary

Today, a vast amount of tools exist to measure development in early childhood in a variety of domains such as motor, cognition, or language. These tools vary in different aspects. Either children are examined by a trained experimenter, or caregivers fill out questionnaires. The tools are applied in the controlled setting of a laboratory or in the children's natural environment. While these tools provide a detailed picture of the current state of children’s development, they are at the same time subject to a number of constraints. The measurement of an individual child's change of different skills over time requires high-density longitudinal assessments. These assessments are time-consuming, often need experts to be performed, and the breadth of developmental domains assessed remains limited. Here, we present a novel tool to assess the development of different skills in different domains, a smartphone-based developmental diary app (the kleineWeltentdecker App, henceforth referred to as the APP. Note that the German expression “kleine Weltententdecker“ can be translated as “young world explorers“.). By using the APP, parents can track changes in their children's skills during development. Here, we report the construction and validation of the questionnaires embedded in the APP as well as the technical details. Empirical validations with children of different age groups confirmed the robustness of the different measures implemented in the APP. In addition, we report a few preliminary findings, for example, on children's communicative development by using preliminary APP data. This substantiates the validity of the assessment. With the APP, we put a portable tool for the longitudinal documentation of individual children’s development in every caregiver's pocket, worldwide.

N. Luhmann's theory of double differentiation: concepts, interpretation, version

Luhmann's theory of double distinction is a cross-cutting theme that runs through the entire sociological heritage of the outstanding German sociologist. Since this theory is not a subject of sociology and goes far beyond its scope, it is natural that its essential consideration does not have to be sociological. In this regard, in the process of studying Luhmann's texts, one way or another, a contradiction arises between the collaboration representing the problem and the problem itself. What is its essence in short? We distinguish between something as such in itself — singular and indivisible, without experiencing any existential difficulties. But as soon as we intend to discern the very distinction, we immediately find ourselves in a turbulence of forms and identifications, measures and dimensions, along the way losing our own, once unshakable, observer position. A situation of uncertainty arises, pushing towards this or that choice, to this or that commitment as to something definite. Luhmann seeks to overcome the intention of commitment. The result is a dynamic panorama of continuously related distinctive acts. This is perhaps the most difficult passage not only in Luhmann, but also in the theory of distinction in his double dynamic perspective. The difficulty is to describe how it is possible to relate to what is itself as a result of the relationship. According to Luhmannany definite differentiated — is act in act, movement within movement, time within time, subject within subject, life in life, relationship within relationship, etc. No matter what we are talking about, we are always talking about a double perspective of differentiation. Luhmann seeks to clarify the essence of the relation in relation as the possibility of explication of what itself makes explicit. This opportunity Luhmann calls autopoiesis, in which the unity of distinctive acts finds its higher dynamic expression. The «stumbling block» that the theory of autopoiesis constantly «stumbles over» is not so much the fact that they want to find autopoiesis in applied empirical research, but rather the fact that at the moment of its discrimination, the very correlation of discrimination itself changes dramatically. Here there is no longer a return to the previous arguments, the development of a new context is constantly required, the grounds change many times. A few words about the method of presenting subject. In the process of writing the article, I had to make abstraction from specifically Luhmann's theoretical statements and «translate» the language of interpretation into the language of the version. We wanted not only to cover the scope of penetration into the problem of Luhmann's double distinctions, but also to approach it in my own way, as much as possible, at an extremely close distance. The task turned out to be twofold, in connection with which the so-called proposed by us was applied the formula for the relevance of the study, which would most likely be supported by a German sociologist: «author's interpretation» + «interpreter's version» = «lively response of understanding». Otherwise, we would have found ourselves in captivity exclusively to the author's system, unforgivably losing sight of the restless pulsation of the essence under study. Throughout his entire scientific path, Luhmann not only struggles with all sorts of signs of a strictly determined system — it is more a consequence than a goal — he with enviable constancy tries to free the dynamic unity of distinctive acts from rigid conceptual and theoretical structures in order to reveal in him his relict permanent self-movement at the risk of being misunderstood by their professional community. Inspiring those who are sensitive to the grasp of thought, regardless of the rubrics that claim it.

L’esprit de celui qui parle

Unbeknownst to most, Humboldt studied also Japanese in order to better grasp universal aspects of language. Humboldt’s interest in Japanese is based on his teleological view of language. According to Humboldt, language is the expression of a nation’s worldview and is, over time, subject to development and refinement. Japanese served Humboldt as an example to step back in time, so to speak, and he attempts to gain new insights into the origin of language by studying selected aspects of the Japanese language. While deeply original in his analysis, Humboldt falls victim to the Eurocentric bias of his approach. He uncritically perceives European languages as a yardstick to assess and interpret non-European languages.

Liability in Joint Military Operations—The Green Desert Case

Almost all international military operations today are joint military operations where several states collaborate to carry out concrete operations, such as combat or arrest operations. This raises pertinent and difficult questions in relation to state responsibility if international law obligations are breached during the operation, not least: Which state or states are responsible? In June 2018, a Danish High Court found Denmark responsible in its complicity for Iraqi ill-treatment of 18 Iraqis who were detained by the Iraqi military in a joint Danish–Iraqi military operation in Iraq in November 2004. Danish soldiers did not exercise control over the Iraqi troops; the detainees were not captured by Danish soldiers or at any time subject to their control or jurisdiction; and Danish forces did not participate in or witness any ill-treatment during the operation. Nevertheless, the Danish High Court found that the Danish defence forces were liable to pay compensation to the 18 Iraqi detainees because Danish defence forces ‘should have known’ that there was a real risk of Iraqi ill-treatment of detainees and paid to little attention to the risk when planning and participating in the operation. The article discusses the Danish High Court judgment. Is it a problem that the High Court decided the case on the basis of Danish compensation law and largely ignores international law standards? And would the Danish defence forces have been responsible if assessed on the basis of State responsibility standards in international law?