Proteomic analysis of the inhibitory effect of the butanolic fraction of Jacquinia macrocarpa on Fusarium verticillioides

Jacquinia macrocarpa, a plant native to northwestern Mexico, has an inhibitory effect against phytopathogenic fungi. Previous studies have shown that the butanolic extract of J. macrocarpa causes retardation and atrophy in mycelial growth of Fusarium verticillioides. However, the action mechanism of this extract is unknown. We used a proteomics approach to understand the inhibitory effect of J. macrocarpa butanolic extract, based on differential protein accumulation in F. verticillioides. Proteins were extracted from F. verticillioides cultured in Czapek broth with and without 202.12 μg/mL (IC50) of butanolic extract of J. macrocarpa. Thirty-eight protein spots showing statistically significant changes (ANOVA, p < 0.01) and at least a 2-fold change in abundance between experimental conditions were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Identified proteins were grouped into different biological processes according to Gene Ontology, among them were amino acid metabolism, protein folding and stabilization, protein degradation, protein transport, carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative stress response, and miscellaneous. This work is the first report of changes in the proteomic profile of F. verticillioides exposed to the J. macrocarpa extract. This information provides new insights into the inhibitory mechanism of the extract and represents a starting point for dissection of the fungal response against the J. macrocarpa extract components.

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VARIATIONS IN PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AND URINARY ALDOSTERONE EXCRETION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AFTER SALT RESTRICTION AND ACUTE PITUITARY INHIBITION WITH 6-DEHYDRO-16-METHYLENE HYDROCORTISONE

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0670159 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 159-173

Author(s):

A. Peytremann ◽

R. Veyrat ◽

A. F. Muller

Keyword(s):

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Sodium Balance ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Salt Restriction ◽

Aldosterone Production

ABSTRACT Variations in plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion were studied in normal subjects submitted to salt restriction and simultaneous inhibition of ACTH production with a new synthetic steroid, 6-dehydro-16-methylene hydrocortisone (STC 407). At a dose of 10 mg t. i. d. this preparation exerts an inhibitory effect on the pituitary comparable to that of 2 mg of dexamethasone. In subjects maintained on a restricted salt intake, STC 407 does not delay the establishment of an equilibrium in sodium balance. The increases in endogenous aldosterone production and in plasma renin activity are also similar to those seen in the control subjects. A possible mineralocorticoid effect of STC 407 can be excluded. Under identical experimental conditions, the administration of dexamethasone yielded results comparable to those obtained with STC 407.

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The Effect of pH, Ionic Strength and the Presence of PbII on the Formation of Calcium Carbonate from Homogenous Alkaline Solutions at Room Temperature

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11070783 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 783

Author(s):

Fulvio Di Lorenzo ◽

Kay Steiner ◽

Sergey V. Churakov

Keyword(s):

Ionic Strength ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Alkaline Solutions ◽

Nucleation Kinetics ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Calcium Carbonates ◽

Natural Systems ◽

Geological Processes ◽

System Variables

Precipitation of calcium carbonates in aqueous systems is an important factor controlling various industrial, biological, and geological processes. In the first part of this study, the well-known titration approach introduced by Gebauer and coworkers in 2008 s used to obtain reliable experimental dataset for the deep understanding of CaCO3 nucleation kinetics in supersaturated solutions over a broad range of pH and ionic strength conditions. In the second part, the effect of impurities, i.e., 1 mol% of Pb2+, was assessed in the same range of experimental conditions. Divalent lead has been shown to have an inhibitory effect in all ranges of the conditions tested except for pH 8 and low ionic strength (≤0.15 mol/L). Future investigations might take advantage of the methodology and the data provided in this work to investigate the effect of other system variables. The investigation of all the major variables and the assessment of eventual synergic effects could improve our ability to predict the formation of CaCO3 in complex natural systems.

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Double Gamers—Can Modified Natural Regulators of Higher Plants Act as Antagonists against Phytopathogens? The Case of Jasmonic Acid Derivatives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21228681 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (22) ◽

pp. 8681

Author(s):

Nicolò Orsoni ◽

Francesca Degola ◽

Luca Nerva ◽

Franco Bisceglie ◽

Giorgio Spadola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽

Horticultural Crops

As key players in biotic stress response of plants, jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives cover a specific and prominent role in pathogens-mediated signaling and hence are promising candidates for a sustainable management of phytopathogenic fungi. Recently, JA directed antimicrobial effects on plant pathogens has been suggested, supporting the theory of oxylipins as double gamers in plant-pathogen interaction. Based on these premises, six derivatives (dihydrojasmone and cis-jasmone, two thiosemicarbazonic derivatives and their corresponding complexes with copper) have been evaluated against 13 fungal species affecting various economically important herbaceous and woody crops, such as cereals, grapes and horticultural crops: Phaeoacremonium minimum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Fusarium poae, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae,F. sporotrichioides, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia solani,Sclerotinia spp. and Verticillium dahliae. The biological activity of these compounds was assessed in terms of growth inhibition and, for the two mycotoxigenic species A. flavus and F. sporotrichioides, also in terms of toxin containment. As expected, the inhibitory effect of molecules greatly varied amongst both genera and species; cis-jasmone thiosemicarbazone in particular has shown the wider range of effectiveness. However, our results show that thiosemicarbazones derivatives are more effective than the parent ketones in limiting fungal growth and mycotoxins production, supporting possible applications for the control of pathogenic fungi.

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Autoregulation of 3, 3′,5′-triiodothyronine production by rat liver microsomes

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0980240 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 240-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. Kaminski ◽

J. Köhrle ◽

R. Ködding ◽

R.-D. Hesch

Keyword(s):

Rat Liver ◽

Incubation Medium ◽

Liver Microsomes ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Incubation Mixture ◽

Rat Liver Microsomes ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Physiological Concentration ◽

Enzyme Binding ◽

Ph Dependent

Abstract. Conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (rT3) was studied in rat liver microsomes. Addition of rT3 at a physiological concentration to the incubation medium inhibited the deiodination of thyroxine to rT3. With a concentration of rT3 greater than 37.6 nM no net rT3 production at pH 8.0 was observed. Further increases in rT3 concentration resulted only in degradation of added rT3 and no net synthesis of rT3 from T4 could be detected. The inhibitory effect of rT3 upon its own production from T4 was pH dependent, 5 fold lower amounts of hormone being required to inhibit completely rT3 production at pH 7.4 than at pH 8.0. With the same experimental conditions no significant effect of rT3 on the conversion of T4 to 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) could be observed at pH 8.0 with all concentrations of added iodothyronine. A linear production of 3,3′-T2 from added rT3 was determined over the whole range of rT3 concentration, suggesting a lack of saturation of deiodinating enzyme. Binding of rT3 by anti-rT3 antibody added to the incubation mixture enhanced rT3 production from T4 by protecting rT3 from being degraded and/or diminishing the inhibitory effect of this iodothyronine on its own production. It was concluded that rT3 influenced its own production and that this effect may represent an important autoregulatory process in the iodothyronine metabolism.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grx6 and Grx7 Are Monothiol Glutaredoxins Associated with the Early Secretory Pathway

Eukaryotic Cell ◽

10.1128/ec.00133-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 1415-1426 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Alicia Izquierdo ◽

Celia Casas ◽

Ulrich Mühlenhoff ◽

Christopher Horst Lillig ◽

Enrique Herrero

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Active Site ◽

Secretory Pathway ◽

Transmembrane Domain ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Protein Accumulation ◽

Oxidoreductase Activity ◽

Early Secretory Pathway ◽

Glycosylation Inhibitor

ABSTRACT Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grx6 and Grx7 are two monothiol glutaredoxins whose active-site sequences (CSYS and CPYS, respectively) are reminiscent of the CPYC active-site sequence of classical dithiol glutaredoxins. Both proteins contain an N-terminal transmembrane domain which is responsible for their association to membranes of the early secretory pathway vesicles, facing the luminal side. Thus, Grx6 localizes at the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi compartments, while Grx7 is mostly at the Golgi. Expression of GRX6 is modestly upregulated by several stresses (calcium, sodium, and peroxides) in a manner dependent on the Crz1-calcineurin pathway. Some of these stresses also upregulate GRX7 expression under the control of the Msn2/4 transcription factor. The N glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin induces the expression of both genes along with protein accumulation. Mutants lacking both glutaredoxins display reduced sensitivity to tunicamycin, although the drug is still able to manifest its inhibitory effect on a reporter glycoprotein. Grx6 and Grx7 have measurable oxidoreductase activity in vivo, which is increased in the presence of tunicamycin. Both glutaredoxins could be responsible for the regulation of the sulfhydryl oxidative state at the oxidant conditions of the early secretory pathway vesicles. However, the differences in location and expression responses against stresses suggest that their functions are not totally overlapping.

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The inhibitory effect of the ScFv of an anti-prion protein antibody secreted from N2a58 cells on abnormal prion protein accumulation in scrapie-infected cells, ScN2a

Prions ◽

10.1007/4-431-29402-3_54 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 255-255

Author(s):

Yoshihisa Shimizu ◽

Yuko Kaku-Ushiki ◽

Shigeo Fukuda ◽

Morikazu Shinagawa ◽

Takashi Yokoyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prion Protein ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Protein Accumulation ◽

Infected Cells

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Evaluations about the physico-chemical stability of docetaxel and irinotecan pre-diluted and diluted solutions: pharmaco-economic perspectives

Drugs and Therapy Studies ◽

10.4081/dts.2013.e6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariarita Laforgia ◽

Anna Elisa Quatrale ◽

Nicola A. Colabufo ◽

Amalia Azzariti ◽

Angelo Paradiso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Stability ◽

Mobile Phase ◽

Ammonium Acetate ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Phase Gradient ◽

Methanol Mixture ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Starting Point ◽

Economic Perspectives

Several clinically used anticancer drugs are well-known as far as their pharmacologic properties are concerned, but scarcely ever the interest towards their physico-chemical characteristics in solution led to practical acknowledgement in their management. Thanks to the Units for Centralized Anticancer Drug Handling, the importance to evaluate the concentration of saturation (physical stability) or the possible transformations undergone by a drug in solution (chemical stability) has become the starting point for avoiding useless wasting drugs and economic resources. By HPLC experiments we have demonstrated that the solutions of two drugs, docetaxel and irinotecan, are particularly stable at different concentrations and times of analyses in our experimental conditions. The best mobile phase for docetaxel was water/methanol/acetonitrile in 42/32/26 volumetric ratio: for halving concentrations (0.72-0.36-0.18-0.09 mg/mL) in NaCl 0.9%, the highest value gave a six-day and the three lower concentrations a fourteen-day stability, when storage occurred at room temperature and light protected. Elution of irinotecan was possible through an analysis in mobile phase gradient: at t0 a 20% ammonium acetate 10 mM and 80% methanol mixture, and after 5 min, a 80% ammonium acetate 10 mM and 20% methanol mixture. The physico-chemical stability was showed for five days, for any concentration of analysis when storage occurred at 2-8°C and light protected.

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Influence of 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone on jack bean urease activity. Inhibitory effect, total reducing capacity and DPPH radical scavenging activity.

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.2011_2234 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mirosława Kot ◽

Zofia Olech

Keyword(s):

Light Exposure ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Order Rate Constant ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Jack Bean ◽

Direct Modification ◽

Reducing Capacity

Inhibition of jack bean activity by 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) was studied in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. It was found that DCBQ acted as a strong, time and concentration dependent inactivator of urease. Under the experimental conditions obeyed the terms of pseudo-first-order reaction, urease was totally inactivated. Application of Wilson-Kitz method proved that the urease-DCBQ interaction followed a simple bimolecular process and the presence of intermediate complex was undetectable. The determined second order rate constant of the inactivation was 0.053 (μM min)(-1). Thiols such as l-cysteine, glutathione and dithiothreitol (DTT) protected urease from inhibition by DCBQ but DCBQ-modified urease did not regain its activity after DTT application. The thiol protective studies indicated an essential role of urease thiol(s) in the inhibition. The irreversibility of the inactivation showed that the process was a result of a direct modification of urease thiol(s) by DCBQ (DCBQ chlorine(s) substitution). The decomposition of DCBQ in aqueous solution at natural light exposure was monitored by visible spectrophotometry, determination of the total reducing capacity (Folin-Ciocalteu method) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability. The DCBQ conversion resulted in a decrease of the inhibition power and was well correlated with the increase of the total reducing capacity and DPPH scavenging ability. These findings were attributed to DCBQ transformation by photolysis and the hydrolysis effect was found to be negligible.

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The mobility of intramembrane particles in non-haemolysed human erythrocytes. Factors affecting acridine-orange-induced particle aggregation

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.86.1.57 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 57-67

Author(s):

G. Lelkes ◽

I. Fodor ◽

G. Lelkes ◽

S.R. Hollan

Keyword(s):

Acridine Orange ◽

Intracellular Ph ◽

Lateral Diffusion ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Human Erythrocytes ◽

Particle Aggregation ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Cross Links ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline

It has previously been shown that reversible intramembrane particle aggregation can be induced in non-haemolysed human erythrocytes. This phenomenon, which can be induced by the cationic dye Acridine Orange, has been further investigated using different experimental conditions that are expected to influence the rate of aggregation of the particles. In addition to the concentration of the dye, the rate of aggregation was also found to be dependent on the extracellular and intracellular pH, as well as on the type of buffer used. While lowering the pH of the Acridine Orange solutions resulted in decreased particle clustering, low intracellular pH increased and elevated intracellular pH decreased particle aggregation. Furthermore, at a given dye concentration and a given pH, Acridine Orange caused more intense aggregation in Tris-buffered saline than in isotonic phosphate buffer or phosphate-buffered saline. Under appropriate conditions Acridine Orange caused significant particle aggregation at concentrations as low as 0.25 mM within 30 s. During this period only discocyte-stomatocyte transformation occurred; neither agglutination nor vesiculation of the erythrocytes could be detected. Treatment of the erythrocytes with Diamide (Serva), which cross-links spectrin via disulphide bridges and thereby reduces lateral diffusion of integral membrane proteins over large distances, had no inhibitory effect on Acridine-Orange-induced particle aggregation. Heating the erythrocytes to 50 degrees C, at which temperature denaturation of spectrin and fragmentation of the erythrocytes occur, and subsequently incubating them in Acridine Orange at room temperature, caused an almost maximal rate of particle aggregation within 10–30 s, without haemolysis. The possible mechanism and significance of the particle aggregation phenomenon are discussed.

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cAMP modulates glucocorticoid-induced protein accumulation and glucocorticoid receptor in cardiomyocytes

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.5.e827 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 271 (5) ◽

pp. E827-E833 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Sato ◽

K. E. Sheppard ◽

M. J. Fullerton ◽

J. W. Funder

Keyword(s):

Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽

Second Messengers ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Neonatal Rat ◽

Protein Accumulation ◽

Rat Cardiomyocytes ◽

Cyclic Monophosphate ◽

Protein Levels

Glucocorticoids have complex effects on cardiac muscle growth in vivo, and one possible reason may the regulatory cross talk between glucocorticoids and second messengers. In this study we investigated the effect of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), shown to affect cardiomyocyte growth and glucocorticoid action in several systems, on glucocorticoid-induced protein accumulation and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Dexamethasone (DEX) decreased the protein-to-DNA ratio, and 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (BrcAMP) or forskolin increased this ratio. The inhibitory effect of DEX was potentiated by an elevated cAMP, despite the stimulatory effect of cAMP alone. Nuclear GR binding was increased by BrcAMP, with no change in GR mRNA or protein levels, via increased affinity of nuclear GR. H-89 blocked the effects of BrcAMP. In conclusion, glucocorticoids have an inhibitory effect on protein accumulation in cardiomyocytes via GR, an effect potentiated by elevated cAMP via increased nuclear GR binding. These results suggest that glucocorticoid effects on cardiomyocytes may be modulated by cAMP-mediated mechanisms, which may produce the complex effects of glucocorticoids on cardiomyocyte growth in vivo.

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